The Y chromosome of autochthonous Basque populations and the Bronze Age replacement

AbstractHere we report on the Y haplogroup and Y-STR diversity of the three autochthonous Basque populations of Alava (n = 54), Guipuzcoa (n = 30) and Vizcaya (n = 61). The same samples genotyped for Y-chromosome SNPs were typed for 17 Y-STR loci (DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS398I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, Y-GATA H4) using the AmpFlSTR Yfiler system. Six major haplogroups (R, I, E, J, G, and DE) were detected, being R-S116 (P312) haplogroup the most abundant at 75.0% in Alava, 86.7% in Guipuzcoa and 87.3% in Vizcaya. Age estimates for the R-S116 mutation in the Basque Country are 3975 ± 303, 3680 ± 345 and 4553 ± 285 years for Alava, Guipuzcoa and Vizcaya, respectively. Pairwise Rst genetic distances demonstrated close Y-chromosome affinities among the three autochthonous Basque populations and between them and the male population of Ireland and Gascony. In a MDS plot, the population of Ireland segregates within the Basque cluster and closest to the population of Guipuzcoa, which plots closer to Ireland than to any of the other Basque populations. Overall, the results support the notion that during the Bronze Age a dispersal of individuals carrying the R-S116 mutation reached the Basque Country replacing the Paleolithic/Neolithic Y chromosome of the region.

Download Full-text

A Basque Country autochthonous population study of 11 Y-chromosome STR loci

Forensic Science International ◽

10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.03.004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 145 (1) ◽

pp. 65-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Oscar Garcı́a ◽

Pablo Martı́n ◽

Leonor Gusmão ◽

Cristina Albarrán ◽

Santos Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

Population Study ◽

Basque Country ◽

Str Loci ◽

Y Chromosome Str ◽

Autochthonous Population

Download Full-text

GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF 23 Y-CHROMOSOME SHORT TANDEM REPEAT LOCI IN THE KINH POPULATION OF VIETNAM

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/16/2/13431 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 223-229

Author(s):

Ha Huu Hao ◽

Nguyen Duc Nhu ◽

Chu Hoang Ha ◽

Le Van Son ◽

Le Tuan Anh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Reference Database ◽

Sample Population ◽

Forensic Application ◽

Str Loci ◽

Short Tandem

Y-chromosome microsatellites or short tandem repeats (STRs) have been proved to be ideal markers to delineate the differences between individuals in human population. Nowadays, Y-STR testing using the PowerPlex® Y23 amplification kit is considered as an extremely sensitive analysis method and has the potential to be used to perform forensic caseworks, and to explore the complexity in population substructures. However, little is known about the forensic Y-chromosome databases in the Vietnam population. In this study, 23 Y-STR loci (DYS576, DYS389I, DYS389 II, DYS448, DYS19, DYS391, DYS481, DYS549, DYS533, DYS438, DYS437, DYS570, DYS635, DYS390, DYS439, DYS392, DYS393, DYS458 DYS456, DYS643, YGATAH4, and DYS385a/b) were investigated in 120 non-related males of the Kinh population in Northern Vietnam using PowerPlex® Y23 system kit (Promega). Our results showed that allele frequencies of 23 loci in the sample population, with the calculated average gene diversity (GD) for each locus, ranged from 0.24 (DYS438) to 0.92 (DYS385a/b). In addition, a total of 120 different haplotypes were found, all of them were unique. Therefore, we found that the haplotype diversity was 1 with a discrimination capacity of 100%, which serves as an essential prerequisite for using Y-chromosomal STR with PowerPlex® Y23 System kit in forensic application in Vietnam. We also compared genetic distances between Kinh population and 10 other neighboring populations from Y-chromosome haplotype reference database (YHRD). The Kinh population is significantly different from other populations. In conclusion, it was indicated that the 23 Y-STR loci were highly genetically polymorphic in the Kinh population in Vietnam and might be of great value in forensic application.

Download Full-text

Comparative Y-chromosome analysis among Cypriots in the context of historical events and migrations

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0255140

Author(s):

Irene Moutsouri ◽

Anna Keravnou ◽

Panayiotis Manoli ◽

Stefania Bertoncini ◽

Kyriaki Michailidou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Y Chromosome ◽

Iron Age ◽

Chromosome Analysis ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Limited Information ◽

Historical Events ◽

Migration Patterns ◽

Greek Cypriots

Y-chromosome analysis provides valuable information regarding the migration patterns of male ancestors, ranging from the Paleolithic age to the modern humans. STR and SNP genotyping analysis provides data regarding the genetic and geographical ancestry of the populations studied. This study focused on the analysis of the Y-chromosome in Maronite Cypriots and Armenian Cypriots, who came to the island as a result of different historical events. The aim was to provide information on the paternal genetic ancestry of Maronites and Armenians of Cyprus and investigate any affinity with the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots of the island. Since there is limited information in the current literature, we proceeded and used 23 Y-chromosome STRs and 28 Y-chromosome SNPs to genotype 57 Maronite Cypriots and 56 Armenian Cypriots, which were then compared to data from 344 Greek Cypriots and 380 Turkish Cypriots. All samples were assigned to eight major Y-haplogroups but the most frequent haplogroup among all Cypriots is haplogroup J in the major subclade J2a-L559. The calculated pairwise genetic distances between the populations show that Armenian Cypriots are genetically closer to Greek and Turkish Cypriots compared to Maronite Cypriots. Median Joining Network analysis in 17 Y-STR haplotypes of all Cypriots assigned to J2a-L559, revealed that Cypriots share a common paternal ancestor, prior to the migration of the Armenians and Maronites to Cyprus, estimated in the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age.

Download Full-text

Modern Data on the Bronze Age Radiocarbon Chronology in the Minusinsk Basins

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University History ◽

10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 934-949

Author(s):

Andrei V. Poliakov ◽

◽

Svetlana Svyatko ◽

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

System Analysis ◽

Late Bronze Age ◽

Altai Mountains ◽

The Past ◽

Scythian Period ◽

Radiocarbon Chronology ◽

The Bronze Age ◽

Ams Dates ◽

Age Estimates

In 2009, the first radiocarbon chronology of the Bronze Age and Scythian period of the Minusinsk Basins was published, which laid foundation for a system analysis of further results. Over the past decade, the total number of radiocarbon definitions has further increased by almost a quarter. The most important changes have affected the chronological frames of Afanasyeva Culture. A vast series of new AMS dates obtained from the Altai Mountains sites showed that a significant number of the earlier age estimates erroneously suggested the sites to be considerably older. This phenomenon probably affected the Minusinsk Basins as well. The new dates shifted the boundaries of the Afanasyeva Culture in the Middle Yenisei Region to the 30th–25th c. BC, and the timing of the earliest Okunev Culture burials to the end of the 26th c. BC rather than the beginning of the 25th c. BC. This suggests a 100-year period of coexistence of the Afanasyeva and Okunev Cultures. Moreover, the new dates filled the “hiatus” between the end of the Okunev and beginning of the Andronovo Culture, discussed in 2009. The end of the Okunev can now be attributed to the 17th c. BC. The new dates fully confirm the narrow chronology of the Andronovo (Fedorov) Culture on the Middle Yenisei — 17th–15th c. BC. Minor changes are seen at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age in the Minusinsk Basins, previously called the Karasuk Culture. The new determinations suggest the end of the 15th c. BC as the beginning of this period, which is somewhat older than previously thought. The end of the Bronze Age is still dated to the end of the 9th c. BC.

Download Full-text

Data for 27 Y-chromosome STR loci in the Basque Country autochthonous population

Forensic Science International Genetics ◽

10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.09.010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. e10-e12 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

O. García ◽

I. Yurrebaso ◽

I.D. Mancisidor ◽

S. López ◽

S. Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

Basque Country ◽

Str Loci ◽

Y Chromosome Str ◽

Autochthonous Population

Download Full-text

Stone Vessels and Values in the Bronze Age Mediterranean

10.1017/cbo9780511499678 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Andrew Bevan

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

The Bronze Age

Download Full-text

Investigating Burnt Mounds in Clydesdale during Motorway Construction

Glasgow Archaeological Journal ◽

10.3366/gas.1998.21.21.1 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

John A Atkinson ◽

Camilla Dickson ◽

Jane Downes ◽

Paul Robins ◽

David Sanderson

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Research Strategy ◽

Archaeological Evidence ◽

Radiocarbon Dates ◽

Short Account ◽

And Function ◽

The Impact ◽

The Bronze Age

Summary Two small burnt mounds were excavated as part of the programme to mitigate the impact of motorway construction in the Crawford area. The excavations followed a research strategy designed to address questions of date and function. This paper surveys the various competing theories about burnt mounds and how the archaeological evidence was evaluated against those theories. Both sites produced radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age and evidence to suggest that they were cooking places. In addition, a short account is presented of two further burnt mounds discovered during the construction of the motorway in Annandale.

Download Full-text

A Neolithic Structure and Bronze Age Activity at West Flank Road, Drumchapel, Glasgow

Scottish Archaeological Journal ◽

10.3366/saj.2003.25.2.103 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 103-128

Author(s):

Gavin Macgregor ◽

Irene Cullen ◽

Diane Alldritt ◽

Michael Donnelly ◽

Jennifer Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Archaeological Research ◽

Research Division ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Archaeological Work ◽

Age Features ◽

The Bronze Age

Summary A programme of archaeological work was undertaken by Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) at West Flank Road, Drumchapel, in close proximity to the site of the prehistoric cemetery of Knappers. This paper considers the results of excavation of a range of negative features, including earlier Neolithic and Bronze Age pits and postholes. The earlier Neolithic features date to c. 3500–3000 BC and are interpreted as the partial remains of a subrectangular structure. The Bronze Age features may relate to ceremonial activities in the wider area. The significance of these remains is considered in relation to the site of Knappers and wider traditions during the fourth to second millennia BC.

Download Full-text