scholarly journals Time-lag of urinary and salivary cortisol response after a psychological stressor in bonobos (Pan paniscus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Verspeek ◽  
Verena Behringer ◽  
Daan W. Laméris ◽  
Róisín Murtagh ◽  
Marina Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Urinary Cortisol ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Psychological Stressor ◽  
Frequent Sampling

AbstractCortisol is often measured as a marker for stress. Therefore, a profound validation of the time-lag between the stressor and the increase and peak in cortisol levels is needed. No study measured both the urinary and salivary cortisol time-lag after a psychological stressor. In this study, we used a frequent sampling study design to (1) describe the urinary and salivary cortisol pattern during a control day; and (2) characterize the induced excretion pattern of urinary and salivary cortisol after a psychological stressor in six zoo-housed bonobos. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze 71 urine and 162 saliva samples collected on a control and a test day. We found that the time-lag between the stressor and the maximal cortisol concentration was similar in urine and saliva (160 min after the stressor). However, salivary cortisol after the stressor did show a faster and steeper increase than urinary cortisol. We also show inter-individual variation in the baseline and stress levels of cortisol, which should be considered in future cortisol studies. Our research highlights the importance of validation studies to confirm relevant sampling windows for cortisol sampling in order to obtain biologically meaningful results.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Cortisol and Cortisone from Human Serum by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghoo Lee ◽  
Hwan-Sub Lim ◽  
Hye-Jin Shin ◽  
Seol-A Kim ◽  
Jimyeong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Cortisol Ratio

A fast, sensitive, and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was validated and then the levels of cortisol and cortisone from sera of healthy adults were determined by the LC-MS/MS method. One hundredμL of serum sample was directly extracted by adding 2 mL ethyl acetate, followed by chromatographic separation on a C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 5 mM ammonium acetate and methanol (25 : 75, v/v). The precision, accuracy, and average recovery of the method were 1.5–5.3%, 95.4–102.5%, and 96.4% for cortisol, and 1.9–6.0%, 89.2–98.8%, and 79.9% for cortisone, respectively. The method was linear from 1.0 to 500.0 ng/mLr2=0.999for cortisol and 2.5 to 100.0 ng/mLr2=0.998for cortisone. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.2 and 1.0 ng/mL for cortisol, and 1.0 and 2.5 ng/mL for cortisone, respectively. The average cortisol concentration (133.9±63.7 ng/mL) of samples collected between 9:00 and 11:00 a.m. was higher approximately 4.4 times than that of cortisone (30.5±10.7 ng/mL)P<0.0001. The average cortisone/cortisol ratio was 0.225. Therefore, the LC-MS/MS method may be useful for the diagnosis of some adrenal diseases and the assessment of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) activity in clinical laboratories.

Behavioural and physiological responses of sheep of different breeds to supplementary feeding, social mixing and taming, in the context of transport

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. G. Hall ◽  
S. M. Kirkpatrick ◽  
D. M. Broom
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
The Third ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
Initial Tendency ◽  
Mixed Flock

AbstractThree experiments investigated differences between sheep breeds in response to supplementary feeding and very close confinement with familiar and unfamiliar sheep; and differences between individuals in response to a taming procedure prior to transport in a trailer. The first two experiments were with a mixed flock of Clun Forest lambs and crossbred lambs from Orkney. An initial tendency to feed with others of the same breed diminished over 3 weeks. Responses of heart rate and salivary cortisol concentration when one sheep (the visitor) was penned in an enclosure of 1 m2 with three other sheep of the same or the other breed (the trio group), did not depend on whether the visitor and the trio group were of the same or different breed. Clun Forest sheep showed little response while Orkney sheep showed increased heart rate and some elevation of salivary cortisol concentration. In the third experiment, 34 Beulah Speckled Face ewes were divided into two groups one of which was subjected to a taming procedure over a period of 3 weeks. Response of salivary cortisol concentration to subsequent journeys of 2h in a livestock trailer did not differ between tamed and untamed sheep. There were individual differences in the response to taming and this was correlated with the cortisol response during transport, in that those sheep which responded most to taming showed the least elevation during transport.

scholarly journals Bedtime Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone by LC-MS/MS in Healthy Adult Subjects: Evaluation of Sampling Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1631-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hershel Raff ◽  
Jonathan M Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Cushing Syndrome ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Late Night Salivary Cortisol ◽  
The Us ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

AbstractThe measurement of late-night salivary cortisol is a mainstay in the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. Furthermore, the measurement of salivary cortisol is useful in assessing the cortisol awakening response. Because the salivary glands express 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the measurement of salivary cortisone may improve the performance of salivary corticosteroid measurements. We measured salivary cortisol by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and salivary cortisol and cortisone by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in only 50 µL of saliva sampled from 54 healthy subjects (aged 20 to 64 years). We allowed patients to sample at their normal bedtime (2025 to 2400 hours) to answer a common question as to whether sampling at the normal bedtime is equivalent to the standard required sampling at 2300 to 2400 hours. We found that the salivary cortisol and cortisone results by LC-MS/MS correlated well with salivary cortisol measured with the US Food and Drug Administration-cleared EIA. Furthermore, the upper limit of normal of salivary cortisol by EIA for bedtime samples was lower than the previously published upper limit of normal with sampling required at 2300 to 2400 hours. There were no significant effects of age or sex on any of the salivary steroid measurements. We conclude that (i) salivary cortisol and cortisone can be reliably measured by LC-MS/MS in small volumes of saliva and (ii) that patients can be evaluated using saliva sampled at their normal bedtime, rather than being required to stay awake until 2300 to 2400 hours.

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