scholarly journals Decreased heritability and emergence of novel genetic effects on pulse wave velocity from youth to young adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisong Huang ◽  
Shaoyong Su ◽  
Harold Snieder ◽  
Frank Treiber ◽  
Gaston Kapuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIncreased arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important parameter in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. Our previous longitudinal study has demonstrated that carotid-distal PWV showed reasonable stability throughout youth and young adulthood. This stability might be driven by genetic factors that are expressed consistently over time. We aimed to illustrate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the stability of carotid-distal PWV from youth to young adulthood. We also examined potential ethnic differences. For this purpose, carotid-distal PWV was measured twice in 497 European American (EA) and African American (AA) twins, with an average interval time of 3 years. Twin modelling on PWV showed that heritability decreased over time (62–35%), with the nonshared environmental influences becoming larger. There was no correlation between the nonshared environmental factors on PWV measured at visit 1 and visit 2, with the phenotypic tracking correlation (r = 0.32) completely explained by shared genetic factors over time. Novel genetic influences were identified accounting for a significant part of the variance (19%) at the second measurement occasion. There was no evidence for ethnic differences. In summary, novel genetic effects appear during development into young adulthood and account for a considerable part of the variation in PWV. Environmental influences become larger with age for PWV.

scholarly journals 66 Ethnic differences in carotid intimal medial thickness and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity are present in UK children

Heart ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 97 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A41-A41 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Whincup ◽  
C. M. Nightingale ◽  
A. Rapala ◽  
D. Joysurry ◽  
M. Prescott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Intimal Medial Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intimal Medial Thickness

Abstract 545: Modification Over Time of Pulse Wave Velocity Parallel to Changes in Both Office and 24h-ambulatory Peripheral BP as well as Aortic BP

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Oliveras ◽  
Julián Segura ◽  
Carmen Suárez ◽  
Luis García-Ortiz ◽  
María Abad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Over Time

Aim: to assess the relationship of changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of target organ damage, with the variation in BP over time, as assessed by three different methods of measurement: office and 24h-ambulatory peripheral BP as well as aortic BP. Methods: Observational prospective study in hypertensive subjects with impaired glucose metabolism consecutively recruited from Spanish Hypertension Units. Aortic BP and carotid-femoral PWV were evaluated by radial applanation tonometry (Sphygmocor®) at baseline ( b ) and after 12 months of follow-up ( fu ). Peripheral BP measurements were also recorded at baseline and at 12 months follow-up: office BP was obtained as the average of triplicate measurements taken at 1 min-intervals after 5 min of seated rest, using validated oscillometric devices; 24h-ambulatory BP recordings were taken with a validated device (Spacelabs®-90207) at 20-minute intervals throughout both the self-reported awake and asleep periods. Clinical and anthropometric features were also recorded. PWV variation (Δ) over time was calculated as follows: Δ PWV= [(PWV fu - PWV b ) / PWV b ] x 100. BP variation over time was calculated with the same formula applied to BP values obtained with the different measurement techniques. Correlations (Spearman “Rho”) of Δ PWV and Δ BP were calculated. Results: n=209 patients; mean age: 61.8 ± 11.2 y; 39% (81 of 209) were female; 80% (167 of 209) had type 2 diabetes. Other risk factors: hypertension: 100%; dyslipidemia: 69% (144 of 209); smokers: 13% (28 of 209); body mass index: 30.9 ± 4.4 Kg/m 2 . Baseline office systolic/diastolic BP (mmHg): oSBP = 143 ± 20; oDBP = 82 ± 12. Follow-up office systolic/diastolic BP (mmHg): oSBP = 136 ± 20; oDBP = 79 ± 12. Baseline PWV: 10.01 ± 3.5 m/s. Follow-up PWV: 10.19 ± 3.21 m/s. Δ PWV correlated with: Δ oSBP (Rho=0.212; p=0.002), Δ 24h-SBP (Rho=0.254; p<0.001), Δ daytime-BP (Rho=0.232; p=0.001), Δ nighttime-BP (Rho=0.320; p<0.001) and Δ aortic-SBP (Rho=0.320; p<0.001). Conclusion: Modification over time of PWV, a marker of target organ damage, parallel to changes in systolic BP, both office and 24h-ambulatory peripheral BP variation as well as aortic BP variation, at 12 months of follow-up. Among them, aortic SBP and nighttime peripheral SBP both showed the best correlation.

scholarly journals Determinants of pulse wave velocity trajectories from youth to young adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Liang ◽  
Shaoyong Su ◽  
Guang Hao ◽  
Harold Snieder ◽  
Frank Treiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Pulse Wave

Does Pulse Wave Velocity Increase Over Time in Hemodialysis Patients?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Theerasak Tangwonglert ◽  
Andrew Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Velocity Increase ◽  
Multifrequency Bioimpedance ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Over Time

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Arterial stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), is reported to be increased in hemodialysis (HD) patients and increases cardiovascular mortality. Previous studies have reported an association between extracellular water (ECW) and PWV. We wished to review whether PWV increases over time and whether this is associated with ECW. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We reviewed repeat aortic PWV measurements using an oscillograph method along with corresponding ECW measured by multifrequency bioimpedance in HD patients a minimum of 5 years apart. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-four patients (16 [66.7%] male and 11 [45.8%] diabetic, mean age 61.7 ± 15.2 years) had PWV and ECW initially measured after 46 (26–124) months of HD and then after 112 (97–202) months. Overall, there was no change in PWV or ECW (9.4 ± 2.2 vs. 8.1 ± 2.5 cm/s; 14.7 ± 2.5 vs. 15.2 ± 2.9 L, respectively), whereas the ECW/total body water ratio increased (0.399 ± 0.015 vs. 0.408 ± 0.021, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). We found no association between changes in PWV and ECW (<i>r</i> = −0.05, <i>p</i> = 0.84), whereas there was an association with the change in peri-dialytic systolic blood pressure (SBP) (<i>r</i> = 0.59, <i>p</i> = 0.007). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In our small observational study, there was no overall change in PWV, after 5 years of HD, with PWV increasing in 50% and falling in 50%. Changes in PWV were not associated with changes in ECW but were associated with changes in peri-dialytic SBP. Our study demonstrates that PWV does not increase in all HD patients with time, and interventional studies are required to determine whether targeted blood pressure control reduces PWV in HD patients.

scholarly journals Ethnic Differences in Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Occur in the Descending Aorta and May Be Related to Vitamin D

Hypertension ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Reza Rezai ◽  
A. Michael Wallace ◽  
Naveed Sattar ◽  
Joseph D. Finn ◽  
Frederick C.W. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Descending Aorta

scholarly journals Longitudinal Changes in Vascular Risk Markers and Mortality Rates among a Latino Population with Hypertension

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Pflederer ◽  
Carlin S. Long ◽  
Brenda Beaty ◽  
Edward P. Havranek ◽  
Philip S. Mehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Vascular Markers ◽  
Over Time

Vascular markers such as pulse-wave velocity and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) might improve the prediction of incident cardiovascular disease beyond traditional risk factors. These vascular markers have not been well characterized in minority populations and might be more useful than inflammatory biomarkers. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal cohort study among hypertensive patients in an urban safety-net hospital. We evaluated inflammatory biomarkers, arterial pulse-wave velocity, and carotid intima-media thickness at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years. The primary outcome variable was CIMT. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate associations between CIMT and predictive variables accounting for the correlation of multiple measurements within subjects over time. For our secondary outcome, we used administrative and National Death Index data to determine all-cause death, and univariate relationships were evaluated. Among 175 subjects, 117 were Latino (67%) and 117 were female (67%). Pulse-wave velocity and CIMT regressed over time (both P &lt;0.001) and were highly correlated (P &lt;0.001). Only pulse-wave velocity (P=0.002) and total cholesterol (P=0.03) were associated with CIMT in time-varying covariate analysis. At a median follow-up period of 80 months, 17 of 175 subjects had died (10%). Higher baseline CIMT and pulse-wave velocity were associated with increased mortality rates (both P &lt;0.01). No serum inflammatory marker was significantly correlated with longitudinal changes in CIMT or death. In conclusion, both arterial stiffness and preclinical carotid atherosclerosis were associated with increased mortality rates and might be useful risk-stratification markers among this minority population.

scholarly journals Cross-Talk Between Large Artery Stiffness and Retinal Microvasculature in Children: The ExAMIN Youth SA Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolandi Breet ◽  
Ashleigh Craig ◽  
Wayne Smith ◽  
Shani Botha-Le Roux ◽  
Lebo F. Gafane-Matemane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Premature Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
Artery Stiffness

Background: Cross-talk between the macro-and microvasculature is considered an important contributor to target organ damage. Previous findings were predominantly in adult populations and investigation into this mechanism in children may provide insight into the development of early adverse vascular changes. Whether any ethnic differences in cross-talk is evident, also remains to be determined.Objective: To determine whether retinal microvascular diameters are associated with large artery stiffness in young children and whether ethnic differences are evident.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 730 black (n = 437) and white (n = 293) school children aged 5-9 years were included. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured and the central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) diameters were calculated from fundus images. The arterio-venous ratio (AVR) was subsequently calculated.Results: Pulse wave velocity was lower (p ≤ 0.001) in the black group when compared to the white group. The black group had a narrower CRAE, wider CRVE and lower AVR (all p &lt; 0.001). Pulse wave velocity associated negatively with CRAE (r = –0.141, p = 0.003) and AVR (r = –0.185, p ≤ 0.001) in the black group only. A positive association between PWV and CRVE was seen in the black (r = 0.174, p ≤ 0.001) and white (r = 0.119, p = 0.043) group.Conclusion: Large artery stiffness is associated with retinal arterial narrowing and venular widening in children, suggesting cross-talk between the macro-and microvasculature. Ethnic differences in these associations are also evident. Our findings warrant further investigation into environmental and sociocultural risk factors contributing to premature cardiovascular disease development.

scholarly journals Ethnic Differences in and Childhood Influences on Early Adult Pulse Wave Velocity

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kennedy Cruickshank ◽  
Maria J. Silva ◽  
Oarabile R. Molaodi ◽  
Zinat E. Enayat ◽  
Aidan Cassidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Pulse Wave
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