scholarly journals Author Correction: Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to reduce CG dinucleotide in its open reading frames

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Jun‑Ming Mao ◽  
Guang‑Dong Wang ◽  
Zhi‑Peng Luo ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Cg Dinucleotide ◽  
Reading Frames

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

scholarly journals Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to reduce CG dinucleotide in its open reading frames

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Jun-Ming Mao ◽  
Guang-Dong Wang ◽  
Zhi-Peng Luo ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Cg Dinucleotide ◽  
Reading Frames

scholarly journals Human SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to reduce CG dinucleotide in its open reading frames

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Jun-Ming Mao ◽  
Guang-Dong Wang ◽  
Ze Qiu ◽  
Qin Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Cpg Islands ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Mutational Hotspots ◽  
Cg Dinucleotide ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reading Frames

Abstract The causative agent of COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus which has been officially named SARS-CoV-2. Here we report the discovery of extremely low CG abundance in its open reading frames. We found that CG reduction in SARS-CoV-2 is achieved mainly through mutating C/G into A/T, and CG is the best target for mutation. In view of energy usage, a coronavirus with low CG abundance has higher efficiency in translating its RNA, because the secondary structure formed by viral genome is less stable. 5’-untranslated region of SARS-CoV-2 has much more CGs and is capable of recruiting host ribosomes to initiate translation. Notably, genomes of cellular organisms also have very low CG abundance, suggesting that mutating C/G into A/T occurs universally in all life forms. Moreover, CG is related to mutational hotspots and CpG islands in cellular organisms. The relationship between them is worthy of further investigations.

scholarly journals Engineering of Recombinant Sheep Pox Viruses Expressing Foreign Antigens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
Olga Chervyakova ◽  
Elmira Tailakova ◽  
Nurlan Kozhabergenov ◽  
Sandugash Sadikaliyeva ◽  
Kulyaisan Sultankulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Foreign Gene ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foreign Genes ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Reading Frames

Capripoxviruses with a host range limited to ruminants have the great potential to be used as vaccine vectors. The aim of this work was to evaluate attenuated sheep pox virus (SPPV) vaccine strain NISKHI as a vector expressing several genes. Open reading frames SPPV020 (ribonucleotide kinase) and SPPV066 (thymidine kinase) were selected as sites for the insertion of foreign genes. Two integration plasmids with expression cassette were designed and constructed. Recombinant SPPVs expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) (rSPPV(RRΔ)EGFP and rSPPV(TKΔ)EGFP), Foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid protein (VP1), and Brucella spp. outer membrane protein 25 (OMP25) (rSPPV(RRΔ)VP1A-(TKΔ)OMP25) were generated under the transient dominant selection method. The insertion of foreign genes into the SPPV020 and SPPV066 open reading frames did not influence the replication of the recombinant viruses in the cells. Successful foreign gene expression in vitro was assessed by luminescent microscopy (EGFP) and Western blot (VP1 and OMP25). Our results have shown that foreign genes were expressed by rSPPV both in permissive (lamb testicles) and non-permissive (bovine kidney, saiga kidney, porcine kidney) cells. Mice immunized with rSPPV(RRΔ)VP1A-(TKΔ)OMP25 elicited specific antibodies to both SPPV and foreign genes VP1 and OMP25. Thus, SPPV NISKHI may be used as a potential safe immunogenic viral vector for the development of polyvalent vaccines.

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