scholarly journals Exposure–lag response of smoking prevalence on lung cancer incidence using a distributed lag non-linear model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Robert Smith ◽  
Alireza Behzadnia ◽  
Rabbiaatul Addawiyah Imawana ◽  
Muzammil Nahaboo Solim ◽  
Michaela Louise Goodson
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Lag Period

AbstractThe prevalence of smokers is a major driver of lung cancer incidence in a population, though the “exposure–lag” effects are ill-defined. Here we present a multi-country ecological modelling study using a 30-year smoking prevalence history to quantify the exposure–lag response. To model the temporal dependency between smoking prevalence and lung cancer incidence, we used a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM), controlling for gender, age group, country, outcome year, and population at risk, and presented the effects as the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and cumulative incidence rate ratio (IRRcum). The exposure–response varied by lag period, whilst the lag–response varied according to the magnitude and direction of changes in smoking prevalence in the population. For the cumulative lag–response, increments above and below the reference level was associated with an increased and decreased IRRcum respectively, with the magnitude of the effect varying across the lag period. Though caution should be exercised in interpretation of the IRR and IRRcum estimates reported herein, we hope our work constitutes a preliminary step towards providing policy makers with meaningful indicators to inform national screening programme developments. To that end, we have implemented our statistical model a shiny app and provide an example of its use.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Lung Cancer in Shenzhen, 2008–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Lin Lei ◽  
Anyan Huang ◽  
Weicong Cai ◽  
Ling Liang ◽  
Yirong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Autocorrelation Analysis

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in China. The incidence trend and geographical distribution of lung cancer in southern China have not been reported. The present study explored the temporal trend and spatial distribution of lung cancer incidence in Shenzhen from 2008 to 2018. The lung cancer incidence data were obtained from the registered population in the Shenzhen Cancer Registry System between 2008 and 2018. The standardized incidence rates of lung cancer were analyzed by using the joinpoint regression model. The Moran’s I method was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis and to further draw a spatial cluster map in Shenzhen. From 2008 to 2018, the average crude incidence rate of lung cancer was 27.1 (1/100,000), with an annual percentage change of 2.7% (p < 0.05). The largest average proportion of histological type of lung cancer was determined as adenocarcinoma (69.1%), and an increasing trend was observed in females, with an average annual percentage change of 14.7%. The spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated some sites in Shenzhen as a high incidence rate spatial clustering area. Understanding the incidence patterns of lung cancer is useful for monitoring and prevention.

scholarly journals Changes in Black-White Difference in Lung Cancer Incidence among Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmedin Jemal ◽  
Kimberly D Miller ◽  
Ann Goding Sauer ◽  
Priti Bandi ◽  
Miranda M Fidler-Benaoudia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Blacks And Whites

Abstract Background We previously reported that lung cancer incidence between Blacks and Whites younger than 40 years of age converged in women and approached convergence in men. Whether this pattern has continued in contemporary young birth cohorts is unclear. Methods We examined 5-year age-specific lung cancer incidence in Blacks and Whites younger than 55 years of age by sex and calculated the Black-to-White incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and smoking prevalence ratios by birth cohort using nationwide incidence data from 1997 to 2016 and smoking data from 1970 to 2016 from the National Health Interview Survey. Results Five-year age-specific incidence decreased in successive Black and White men born since circa 1947 and women born since circa 1957, with the declines steeper in Blacks than Whites. Consequently, the Black-to-White IRRs became unity in men born 1967-1972 and reversed in women born since circa 1967. For example, the Black-to-White IRRs in ages 40-44 years born between 1957 and 1972 declined from 1.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.82 to 2.03) to 1.03 (95% CI = 0.93 to 1.13) in men and from 1.32 (95% CI = 1.24 to 1.40) to 0.71 (95% CI = 0.64 to 0.78) in women. Similarly, the historically higher sex-specific smoking prevalence in Blacks than Whites disappeared in men and reversed in women born since circa 1965. The exception to these patterns is that the incidence became higher in Black men than White men born circa 1977-1982. Conclusions The historically higher lung cancer incidence in young Blacks than young Whites in the United States has disappeared in men and reversed in women, coinciding with smoking patterns, though incidence again became higher in Black men than White men born circa 1977-1982.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Incidence Rate for Male Ex-smokers According to Age at Cessation of Smoking

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomotaka Sobue ◽  
Naohito Yamaguchi ◽  
Takaichiro Suzuki ◽  
Isaburo Fujimoto ◽  
Minoru Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rate

scholarly journals Impact of smoke-free ordinance strength on smoking prevalence and lung cancer incidence

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250285
Author(s):  
Ryan H. Nguyen ◽  
Laura B. Vater ◽  
Lava R. Timsina ◽  
Gregory A. Durm ◽  
Katelin Rupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
County Level ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
The Impact

Background Smoke-free ordinances (SFO) have been shown to be effective public health interventions, but there is limited data on the impact SFO on lung cancer outcomes. We explored the effect of county-level SFO strength with smoking prevalence and lung cancer incidence in Indiana. Methods We obtained county-level lung cancer incidence from the Indiana State Cancer Registry and county-level characteristics from the Indiana Tobacco Prevention and Cessation Commission’s policy database between 1995 and 2016. Using generalized estimating equations, we performed multivariable analyses of smoking prevalence and age-adjusted lung cancer rates with respect to the strength of smoke-free ordinances at the county level over time. Results Of Indiana’s 92 counties, 24 had a SFO by 2011. In 2012, Indiana enacted a state-wide SFO enforcing at least moderate level SFO protection. Mean age-adjusted lung cancer incidence per year was 76.8 per 100,000 population and mean smoking prevalence per year was 25% during the study period. Counties with comprehensive or moderate SFO had a smoking prevalence 1.2% (95% CI [-1.88, -0.52]) lower compared with counties with weak or no SFO. Counties that had comprehensive or moderate SFO also had an 8.4 (95% CI [-11.5, -5.3]) decrease in new lung cancer diagnosis per 100,000 population per year compared with counties that had weak or no SFO. Conclusion Counties with stronger smoke-free air ordinances were associated with decreased smoking prevalence and fewer new lung cancer cases per year. Strengthening SFO is paramount to decreasing lung cancer incidence.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study of Lung Cancer Incidence in Lebanon

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza A. Salhab ◽  
Mohamad Y. Fares ◽  
Hussein H. Khachfe ◽  
Hassan M. Khachfe
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rate ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
The World

Background and Objectives: Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cancer in the world. Developing countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, including Lebanon, have witnessed a great increase in the incidence rates of this disease. The aim of our study is to investigate the incidence rates of lung cancer in Lebanon from 2005 to 2015 and to compare these rates to other countries from the MENA region and other regions of the world. Material and Methods: Lung cancer data for the years 2005–2015 were collected from the National Cancer Registry of Lebanon and stratified by gender and age group. Age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated and analyzed using joinpoint regression. Age-standardized incidence rates to the world population (ASR(w)) for other countries were obtained from two online databases. Results: Lung cancer ranked as the second most common cancer in Lebanon and accounted for 9.2% of all newly diagnosed cancers. Lung cancer ASR(w) showed a significantly increasing trend over the period studied for males and females. Lung cancer ASR(w) among males in Lebanon came second after Malta when compared to other MENA countries, but it was among the lowest when compared to non-MENA countries. For females, Lebanon ranked first when compared to other MENA countries but was among the lowest when compared to countries in other regions of the world. The lung cancer incidence rate increased with age in both sexes and 89.2% of patients were 50 years of age or older. Conclusion: Lebanon has the highest incidence of LC in females and the second highest for males in the MENA region. The lung cancer incidence rate is on the rise and older age groups are much more burdened by this disease than the young ones. Several risk factors, particularly smoking, play a role in increased LC incidence among the Lebanese population.

scholarly journals An ERA-Based Study of Built Environment Factors Affecting Lung Cancer Incidence Rate among Chinese Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Xie ◽  
Qiankun Wang ◽  
Yiping Yang ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Peng zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rate ◽  
Environment Factors

Objective: Application of ERA methods to investigate the atmospheric pollution and built environment factors influencing lung cancer incidence rate in Chinese women. Methods: Lung cancer incidence rate among Chinese women at 339 cancer registries were obtained from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report 2017, air quality and built environment data were obtained from the Greenpeace and China Construction Yearbook. After multiple covariates variables were eliminated, an exploratory regression analysis was performed using the world standardized population incidence rate as the dependent variable. Air quality and built environment factors as the independent variable. Results: Shandong Peninsula, Hebei and Liaoning are high incidence rate areas of female lung cancer in China, with significant regional aggregation. In addition to air quality factors such as industrial smoke emission data, the association between built environmental factors such as urbanization rate, development LUI, population density and greening coverage of built-up areas and female lung cancer incidence rate is statistically significant. Conclusion: In addition to air quality factors, urban spatial factors can also significantly affect respiratory health. The LUI is positively while urbanization rates and population density are negatively correlated with the incidence rate of lung cancer. The role of green space for respiratory health has not been proven. In addition, there is little relationship between income and health, and similar findings are found for indicators such as the public transportation and roads network.

scholarly journals Study on Long-Term Exposure to Carbon Emissions and Lung Cancer Incidence Rate in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengdie He ◽  
Yongqing Lin ◽  
Baohua Wang ◽  
Shaoxia Dong
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rate ◽  
Pearson Test ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract Background: This study has shown the incidence of lung cancer in association with exposure to air pollution. We investigated the relationship, focusing on long-term exposure to carbon emissions (CE) and lung cancer incidence rate (LIR) in China.Methods: We collected the incidence rate of lung cancer from 2013 to 2015, and the data of carbon emissions from 1997 to 2015. We modeled the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2013 to 2015 and applied a spatial Durbin model (SDM) to explore the spatial effect of CE on the LIR. Pearson test to determine the long-term impact of CE on LIR.Findings: The results showed that the direct effect coefficient of CE and UR were 0.132 and 0.425, respectively, both significant at a 1% level, which showed that CE and UR had an obvious positive effect on LIR. The value of Moran’s I indicated that there was a positive spatial correlation between the LIR and CE in China from 2013 to 2015, while the indirect effect coefficient of all the variables was nonsignificant at a 10% level, which indicated that CE had not impact on the LIR of its surrounding areas. on the whole, the effect cofficient of CE is 0.005 ,which is significant at a 1% level, which points out that the average effect of a change in CE in a certain region on LIR in all regions. Therefore, the research results indicated that there were geographical differences in carbon emissions but there is no spatial spillover effects. In the time fixed effects, the coefficients of CE were positive at the 10% significance level, which pointed out that CE exposure had a long-term impact on LIR from 2013 to 2015. Besides, the Pearson test implied that CE in the period had the greatest impact on the LIR in 2015 in China, and the lag period was about 17 years.Interpretation: The impact of CE on LIR had geographical distribution differences and long-term effects in China. We recommend that adopting policies to reduce carbon emission will have a positive health impact.

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