scholarly journals Amino acid-enriched plant-based RUTF treatment was not inferior to peanut-milk RUTF treatment in restoring plasma amino acid levels among patients with oedematous or non-oedematous malnutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Sato ◽  
Chie Furuta ◽  
Peter Akomo ◽  
Paluku Bahwere ◽  
Steve Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Adequate Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Enriched Milk

AbstractReady-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) with adequate quality protein is used to treat children with oedematous and non-oedematous severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The plasma amino acid (AA) profile reflects the protein nutritional status; hence, its assessment during SAM treatment is useful in evaluating AA delivery from RUTFs. The objective was to evaluate the plasma AAs during the treatment of oedematous and non-oedematous SAM in community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) using amino acid-enriched plant-based RUTFs with 10% milk (MSMS-RUTF) or without milk (FSMS-RUTF) compared to peanut milk RUTF (PM-RUTF). Plasma AA was measured in a non-blinded, 3-arm, parallel-group, simple randomized controlled trial conducted in Malawi. The RUTFs used for SAM were FSMS-RUTF, MSMS-RUTF or PM-RUTF. A non-inferiority hypothesis was tested to compare plasma AA levels from patients treated with FSMS-RUTF or MSMS-RUTF with those from patients treated with PM-RUTF at discharge. For both types of SAM, FSMS-RUTF and MSMS-RUTF treatments were non-inferior to the PM-RUTF treatment in restoration of the EAA and cystine except that for FSMS-RUTF, methionine and tryptophan partially satisfied the non-inferiority criteria in the oedematous group. Amino-acid-enriched milk-free plant-source-protein RUTF has the potential to restore all the EAA, but it is possible that enrichment with amino acids may require more methionine and tryptophan for oedematous children.

scholarly journals Coverage Assessment For Community-Based Management Of Acute Malnutrition In Rural And Urban Ghana: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Apenkwa ◽  
Sam K Newton ◽  
Samuel Kofi Amponsah ◽  
Reuben Osei-Antwi ◽  
Emmanuel Nakua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study District ◽  
Point Coverage

Abstract Background: Ghana for years has implemented the Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) among children in order to reduce malnutrition prevalence. However, the prevalence of malnutrition remains high. This study aimed to determine CMAM coverage levels in the Ahafo Ano South (AAS), a rural district, and Kumasi Subin sub-metropolis (KSSM), an urban district. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional comparative study with a mixed-methods approach. In all, 497 mother/caregiver and child under-five pairs were surveyed using a quantitative approach while qualitative methods were used to study 25 service providers and 40 mother/ caregivers who did not participate in the quantitative survey. Four types of coverage indicators were assessed: point coverage (defined as the number of Severe Acute Malnutrition cases [SAM] in treatment divided by total number of Severe Acute Malnutrition cases in the study district), geographical coverage (defined as total number of health facilities delivering treatment for SAM divided by total number of healthcare facilities in the study district), and treatment coverage (defined as children with SAM receiving therapeutic care divided by total number of SAM children in the study district) and program coverage (defined as number of SAM cases in the CMAM programme ÷ Number of SAM cases that should be in the programme). The qualitative approach was used to support the assessment of the coverage indicators. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14, and Atlas.ti, version 7.5 for the quantitative and qualitative data respectivelyResults: Geographically, only 6% of the facilities in the urban communities were participating in the CMAM programme as against 29% of rural district facilities. The districts had point coverage of 41% and 10% for the urban and rural districts respectively. The urban setting recorded a SAM prevalence of 52% as against 36% in the rural setting. The proportion of SAM children enrolled in CMAM was higher in KSSM when compared with AAS; 41% and 33% respectively. In both districts, the most likely factors to attract mothers/caregivers to utilize the CMAM services were: ‘free services’ and ‘a cured child.’ The qualitative approach showed that coverage improvement in both districts is hampered by barriers such: distance, transportation cost, lack of trained personnel in the communities for community mobilization and home visits, and insufficient feeds. Conclusion: To improve CMAM coverage, there is the need to train health workers to embark on aggressive health education strategies to encourage mothers/caregivers of malnourished children to utilize CMAM while ensuring that services reach those who need them. Trial registration: This study is approved and registered with The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Committee on Human Research, Ethics and Publications (CHRPE/AP/314/15)

Effect of the New Rhone-Poulenc Polyacrilonitrile Membrane on Plasma Amino Acid Levels and Depth of Coma in Fulminant Hepatic Failure

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 14P-14P
Author(s):  
D. B. A. Silk ◽  
R. A. Chase ◽  
P. N. Trewby ◽  
M. J. Weston ◽  
P. Wheeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

Improving the outcome of severe acute malnutrition by community-based management

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZubaidaLadan Farouk ◽  
GarbaDayyabu Gwarzo ◽  
Aisha Zango ◽  
Halima Abdu
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Community Based

Increased risk of acquisition and transmission of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in malnourished children exposed to amoxicillin

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naouale Maataoui ◽  
Céline Langendorf ◽  
Fatou Berthe ◽  
Jumamurat R Bayjanov ◽  
Willem van Schaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Nutritional Recovery ◽  
Adjusted Risk Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives Routine amoxicillin for children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition raises concerns of increasing antibiotic resistance. We performed an ancillary study nested within a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Niger testing the role of routine 7 day amoxicillin therapy in nutritional recovery of children 6 to 59 months of age with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition. Methods We screened 472 children for rectal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) as well as their household siblings under 5 years old, at baseline and Week 1 (W1) and Week 4 (W4) after start of therapy, and characterized strains by WGS. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01613547. Results Carriage in index children at baseline was similar in the amoxicillin and the placebo groups (33.8% versus 27.9%, P = 0.17). However, acquisition of ESBL-E in index children at W1 was higher in the amoxicillin group than in the placebo group (53.7% versus 32.2%, adjusted risk ratio = 2.29, P = 0.001). Among 209 index and sibling households possibly exposed to ESBL-E transmission, 16 (7.7%) had paired strains differing by ≤10 SNPs, suggesting a high probability of transmission. This was more frequent in households from the amoxicillin group than from the placebo group [11.5% (12/104) versus 3.8% (4/105), P = 0.04]. Conclusions Among children exposed to amoxicillin, ESBL-E colonization was more frequent and the risk of transmission to siblings higher. Routine amoxicillin should be carefully balanced with the risks associated with ESBL-E colonization.

The Effects of Test Doses of Leucine, Isoleucine or Valine on Plasma Amino Acid Levels

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIAN E. SWENDSEID ◽  
JUANITA VILLALOBOS ◽  
WILLIAM S. FIGUEROA ◽  
ERNST J. DRENICK
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Levels
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