Environmental benefits and household costs of clean heating options in northern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Zhou ◽  
Hongxun Liu ◽  
Liqun Peng ◽  
Yue Qin ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern China ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Household Costs

scholarly journals Reduced grazing pressure delivers production and environmental benefits for the typical steppe of north China

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjun Zhang ◽  
Ding Huang ◽  
Warwick B. Badgery ◽  
David R. Kemp ◽  
Wenqing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Stocking Rates

Abstract Degradation by overgrazing is common in many areas of the world and optimising grassland functions depends upon finding suitable grazing tactics. This four-year study on the northern China steppe investigated combinations of rest, moderate or heavy grazing pressure early in the summer growing season, then moderate or heavy grazing in the mid and late season. Results showed that moderate grazing pressure (~550 sheep equivalent (SE) grazing days ha−1 year−1) gave the optimal balance between maintaining a productive and diverse grassland, a profitable livestock system and greenhouse gas mitigation. Further analyses identified that more conservative stocking (~400 SE grazing days ha−1 year−1) maintained a desirable Leymus chinensis composition and achieved a higher live weight gain of sheep. Early summer rest best maintained a desirable grassland composition, but had few other benefits and reduced incomes. These findings demonstrate that reducing grazing pressure to half the current district stocking rates can deliver improved ecosystem services (lower greenhouse gases and improved grassland composition) while sustaining herder incomes.

scholarly journals A Smart Grid Planning Method with Coal-to-electricity Based on Multifactor Adaptability

2021 ◽  
Vol 2108 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
Jiakun An ◽  
Shuqiang Yang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Chungaung He ◽  
Hongjie Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Scale Network ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Investment Capacity ◽  
Grid Planning

Abstract In order to reduce coal pollution and improve air quality in winter, many cities in northern China began to promote coal-to-electricity, and a series of policy subsidies were released accordingly. With the implementation of coal-to-electricity, the characteristics of power network has been changed significantly and the traditional planning method is no longer applicable. To meet the needs of coal-to-electricity engineering, a smart grid planning method with coal-to-electricity based on multifactor adaptability is proposed in this paper. First, the coal-to-electricity load characteristics is analysed, and typical parameters is proposed based on the actual operation data, which considers the impacts of different types of equipment and breaks through the modelling difficulties of coal-to-electricity characteristics. Then, a smart grid planning method with coal-to-electricity based on multifactor adaptability is set up, which combines the influence of transmission capacity for each equipment, the investment capacity for each participant, and the social acceptance of the electricity price. Based on this model, the technical, economic, and environmental benefits of coal-to-electricity modification are coordinated. The application shows that the proposed method is concise and effective and provides useful suggestions for determining the coal-to-electricity scale, network planning and compensation policy, which supports the implementation of coal-to-electricity.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Three Available Solutions for Promotion of Wind Power Integration

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hong-Kun Chen ◽  
Yan-Juan Yu ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Ren-Yan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Wind Power Integration ◽  
Electric Boiler ◽  
Installed Capacity

The limited operational flexibility of combined heat and power (CHP) units is the main cause of wind power curtailment in the thermal-electrical power system of Northern China. Pumped hydrostorage (PHS), heat storage (HS), and electric boiler (EB) are investigated as three alternative options for the promotion of wind power integration. On the basis of two linear models that determine the capacities of these three facilities required for integrating the curtailed wind power, economic evaluation in terms of investment costs and environmental benefits is presented. Analysis results show that HS requires the least investment and has a good performance of coal saving when accommodating the same amount of curtailed wind power. And EB has the greatest potential for wind power integration with the huge growth of installed capacity of wind power in the future.

Environmental Benefits of Precision Agriculture Adoption

2020 ◽  
pp. 637-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Medici ◽  
Søren Marcus Pedersen ◽  
Giacomo Carli ◽  
Maria Rita Tagliaventi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Biodiversity Policy ◽  
Lime Application

The purpose of this study is to analyse the environmental benefits of precision agriculture technology adoption obtained from the mitigation of negative environmental impacts of agricultural inputs in modern farming. Our literature review of the environmental benefits related to the adoption of precision agriculture solutions is aimed at raising farmers' and other stakeholders' awareness of the actual environmental impacts from this set of new technologies. Existing studies were categorised according to the environmental impacts of different agricultural activities: nitrogen application, lime application, pesticide application, manure application and herbicide application. Our findings highlighted the effects of the reduction of input application rates and the consequent impacts on climate, soil, water and biodiversity. Policy makers can benefit from the outcomes of this study developing an understanding of the environmental impact of precision agriculture in order to promote and support initiatives aimed at fostering sustainable agriculture.

Environmental benefits of magnesium hydroxide-based peroxide bleaching of mechanical pulp – mill results

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMI HIETANEN ◽  
JUHA TAMPER ◽  
KAJ BACKFOLK
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching

The use of a new, technical, high-purity magnesium hydroxide-based peroxide bleaching additive was evaluated in full mill-scale trial runs on two target brightness levels. Trial runs were conducted at a Finnish paper mill using Norwegian spruce (Picea abies) as the raw material in a conventional pressurized groundwood process, which includes a high-consistency peroxide bleaching stage. On high brightness grades, the use of sodium-based additives cause high environmental load from the peroxide bleaching stage. One proposed solution to this is to replace all or part of the sodium hydroxide with a weaker alkali, such as magnesium hydroxide. The replacement of traditional bleaching additives was carried out stepwise, ranging from 0% to 100%. Sodium silicate was dosed in proportion to sodium hydroxide, but with a minimum dose of 0.5% by weight on dry pulp. The environmental effluent load from bleaching of both low and high brightness pulps was significantly reduced. We observed a 35% to 48% reduction in total organic carbon (TOC), 37% to 40% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 34% to 60% reduction in biological oxygen demand (BOD7) in the bleaching effluent. At the same time, the target brightness was attained with all replacement ratios. No interference from transition metal ions in the process was observed. The paper quality and paper machine runnability remained good during the trial. These benefits, in addition to the possibility of increasing production capacity, encourage the implementation of the magnesium hydroxide-based bleaching concept.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document