scholarly journals A genotyping assay to determine geographic origin and transmission potential of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Molina-Cruz ◽  
Nadia Raytselis ◽  
Roxanne Withers ◽  
Ankit Dwivedi ◽  
Peter D. Crompton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
High Resolution Melting ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Local Transmission

AbstractAs countries work towards malaria elimination, it is important to monitor imported cases to prevent reestablishment of local transmission. The Plasmodium falciparum Pfs47 gene has strong geographic population structure, because only those parasites with Pfs47 haplotypes compatible with the mosquito vector species in a given continent are efficiently transmitted. Analysis of 4,971 world-wide Pfs47 sequences identified two SNPs (at 707 and 725 bp) as sufficient to establish the likely continent of origin of P. falciparum isolates. Pfs47 sequences from Africa, Asia, and the New World presented more that 99% frequency of distinct combinations of the SNPs 707 and 725 genotypes. Interestingly, Papua New Guinea Pfs47 sequences have the highest diversity in SNPs 707 and 725. Accurate and reproducible High-Resolution Melting (HRM) assays were developed to genotype Pfs47 SNPs 707 and 725 in laboratory and field samples, to assess the geographic origin and risk of local transmission of imported P. falciparum malaria cases.

Detection of molecular markers for chloroquine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine resistance in imported cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Poland

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Myjak ◽  
Wacław Nahorski ◽  
Beata Szostakowska ◽  
Hanna Żarnowska-Prymek ◽  
Halina Pietkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Imported Cases

scholarly journals pfk13-Independent Treatment Failure in Four Imported Cases of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Treated with Artemether-Lumefantrine in the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. Sutherland ◽  
Paul Lansdell ◽  
Mandy Sanders ◽  
Julian Muwanguzi ◽  
Donelly A. van Schalkwyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Artemisinin Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Imported Cases

ABSTRACT We present case histories of four patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine for falciparum malaria in UK hospitals in 2015 to 2016. Each subsequently presented with recurrent symptoms and Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia within 6 weeks of treatment with no intervening travel to countries where malaria is endemic. Parasite isolates, all of African origin, harbored variants at some candidate resistance loci. No evidence of pfk13-mediated artemisinin resistance was found. Vigilance for signs of unsatisfactory antimalarial efficacy among imported cases of malaria is recommended.

scholarly journals Case Report: Autoimmune Hemolysis Anemia After Dihydroartemisinin and Piperaquine for Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Louvois ◽  
Loïc Simon ◽  
Christelle Pomares ◽  
Pierre-Yves Jeandel ◽  
Elisa Demonchy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

Malaria is still an endemic disease in Africa, with many imported cases in Europe. The standard treatment is intravenous artesunate for severe malaria and oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for uncomplicated malaria. Delayed hemolytic anemia (DHA) after intravenous artesunate has been extensively described, and guidelines recommend biological monitoring until 1 month after the end of the treatment. A link with an autoimmune process is still unsure. Nevertheless, cases with positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) have been reported. Conversely, DHA is not recognized as an adverse effect of oral ACT. Previously, only few cases of DHA occurring after oral ACT without intravenous artesunate administration have been reported. We report the case of a 42-year-old man returning from Togo. He was treated with dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine combination for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, with low parasitemia. Nine days after the end of the treatment, the patient developed hemolytic anemia with positive DAT. Eventually, the patient recovered after corticotherapy. After excluding common causes of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, we considered that dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine treatment was involved in this side effect.

scholarly journals Autoimmune Hemolysis Anemia After Dihydroartemisinin and Piperaquine for Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
marion louvois ◽  
Loic Simon ◽  
Christelle Pomares ◽  
P-Y. Jeandel ◽  
Elisa Demonchy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
First Case ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

Abstract BackgroundMalaria is still an endemic disease in Africa with many imported cases in Europe. The standard treatment is intravenous artesunate for severe malaria and oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for uncomplicated malaria. Delayed hemolytic anemia (DHA) after intravenous artesunate has been extensively described and guidelines recommend a biological monitoring until one month after the end of the treatment. The link with an autoimmune process is unsure. Nevertheless, cases with positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) have been reported. Conversely, DHA is not recognized as an adverse effect of oral ACT. Previously, only two cases of DHA occurring after oral ACT without intravenous artesunate administration have been reported. Case presentationWe report the case of a 42 year old man returning from Togo. He was treated with dihydroartemisinin / piperaquine combination for an uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Nine days after the end of the treatment he developed hemolytic anemia with positive DAT. Eventually, the patient recovered after corticotherapy. ConclusionThis is the first case report of autoimmune hemolytic anemia after treatment with dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-engineered inducible gametocyte producer lines as a novel tool for basic and applied research on Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission stages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Boltryk ◽  
Armin Passecker ◽  
Arne Alder ◽  
Marga van de Vegte-Bolmer ◽  
Robert Sauerwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Marker Free ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

Abstract The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum replicates inside erythrocytes in the blood of infected humans. During each replication cycle, a small proportion of parasites commits to sexual development and differentiates into gametocytes, which are essential for parasite transmission to other human hosts via the mosquito vector. Detailed molecular investigation of gametocyte biology and transmission has been hampered by difficulties in generating large numbers of these highly specialized cells. Here, we engineered marker-free P. falciparum inducible gametocyte producer (iGP) lines for the routine mass production of synchronous gametocytes. Through targeted overexpression of the sexual commitment factor GDV1, iGP lines consistently achieve sexual commitment rates of 75% and produce gametocytes that are infectious to mosquitoes. Subsequent tagging of a nucleoporin allowed us to visualize marked nuclear transformations during gametocytogenesis and demonstrates that further genetic engineering of iGP lines is an invaluable tool for the targeted exploration of gametocyte biology. We believe the iGP approach developed here opens up unprecedented opportunities that will expedite future basic and applied research on P. falciparum transmission stages.

Detection of molecular markers for chloroquine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine resistance in imported cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Poland

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Myjak ◽  
Wacław Nahorski ◽  
Beata Szostakowska ◽  
Hanna Żarnowska-Prymek ◽  
Halina Pietkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Antimalarial Treatment ◽  
Molecular Screening ◽  
Malaria Chemoprophylaxis ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Antifolate Drugs ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe identified mutations in the pfcrt, dhfr and dhps genes of Plasmodium falciparum show a very high correlation with resistance to chloroquine, pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, the drugs that are still used as malaria chemoprophylaxis or treatment. We undertook a molecular screening of 82 Polish P. falciparum isolates, mainly imported from different countries of sub-Saharan Africa to assess their molecular drug-resistance profiles. Only 4 isolates showed no mutations in the three analyzed gene fragments. In the remaining isolates from one to six mutations in one or more examined genes were found. Different mutations in the pfcrt, dhfr and dhps genes were found in ca. 76%, 80% and 70% of P. falciparum isolates, respectively. About forty our patients used chloroquine or pyrimethamine + sulfadoxine as malaria chemoprophylaxis and/or antimalarial treatment, but without success. In all but 5 of the P. falciparum isolates obtained from these persons, mutations associated to resistance of the parasite to chloroquine and the antifolate drugs were found.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-engineered inducible gametocyte producer lines as a valuable tool for Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission research

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia D. Boltryk ◽  
Armin Passecker ◽  
Arne Alder ◽  
Eilidh Carrington ◽  
Marga van de Vegte-Bolmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
Transmission Stage

AbstractThe malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum replicates inside erythrocytes in the blood of infected humans. During each replication cycle, a small proportion of parasites commits to sexual development and differentiates into gametocytes, which are essential for parasite transmission via the mosquito vector. Detailed molecular investigation of gametocyte biology and transmission has been hampered by difficulties in generating large numbers of these highly specialised cells. Here, we engineer P. falciparum NF54 inducible gametocyte producer (iGP) lines for the routine mass production of synchronous gametocytes via conditional overexpression of the sexual commitment factor GDV1. NF54/iGP lines consistently achieve sexual commitment rates of 75% and produce viable gametocytes that are transmissible by mosquitoes. We also demonstrate that further genetic engineering of NF54/iGP parasites is a valuable tool for the targeted exploration of gametocyte biology. In summary, we believe the iGP approach developed here will greatly expedite basic and applied malaria transmission stage research.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-engineered inducible gametocyte producer lines as a novel tool for basic and applied research on Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission stages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia D. Boltryk ◽  
Armin Passecker ◽  
Arne Alder ◽  
Marga van de Vegte-Bolmer ◽  
Robert W. Sauerwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Marker Free ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

AbstractThe malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum replicates inside erythrocytes in the blood of infected humans. During each replication cycle, a small proportion of parasites commits to sexual development and differentiates into gametocytes, which are essential for parasite transmission to other human hosts via the mosquito vector. Detailed molecular investigation of gametocyte biology and transmission has been hampered by difficulties in generating large numbers of these highly specialized cells. Here, we engineered marker-free P. falciparum inducible gametocyte producer (iGP) lines for the routine mass production of synchronous gametocytes. Through targeted overexpression of the sexual commitment factor GDV1, iGP lines consistently achieve sexual commitment rates of 75% and produce gametocytes that are infectious to mosquitoes. Subsequent tagging of a nucleoporin allowed us to visualize marked nuclear transformations during gametocytogenesis and demonstrates that further genetic engineering of iGP lines is an invaluable tool for the targeted exploration of gametocyte biology. We believe the iGP approach developed here opens up unprecedented opportunities that will expedite future basic and applied research on P. falciparum transmission stages.

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