scholarly journals Skin Stem Cell Hypotheses and Long Term Clone Survival – Explored Using Agent-based Modelling

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
A. K. Upadhyay ◽  
A. J. Bullock ◽  
T. Dicolandrea ◽  
J. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling

The Order of Human Interdependencies: Simulating Elias’ One-level Multi-person Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Hemmerechts ◽  
Nohemi Jocabeth Echeverria Vicente ◽  
Dimokritos Kavadias
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Norbert Elias ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Emergent Dynamics

Sociologist Norbert Elias made it his lifework to describe and explain long-term processes. According to Elias, these processes cannot be studied voluntaristically by only focusing on human intentions or motivations. This is because they are the unplanned result of a whole spectrum of interactions of different people over time. According to Elias, these interactions between individuals interweave to produce a development that is relatively autonomous from the actions of individuals. To illustrate how the actions of individuals interweave and produce emergent dynamics, Elias constructed several theoretical models that are simplified versions of social processes. Importantly, the different models state precise propositions and consequences of specific types of interweaving that can be formally tested. This article simulates the Eliasian approach to social life. We reproduce the theoretical models of Elias with a method that is highly suited to investigate their emergent dynamics: agent-based modelling. Agent-based models are computer models that simulate agents (i.e. individuals or groups of individuals) and their interaction with other agents. More specifically, we test whether the theorized consequences of the Eliasian models exist when we implement their propositions in a computational framework.

Long-term Macroeconomic Dynamics of Competition in the Russian Economy using Agent- based Modelling

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Eftonova ◽  
Mariam Kiran ◽  
Mike Stannett
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Modelling Approach

Agent-based economic modelling techniques are increasingly being used to complement standard economic simulations. This paper re-models a standard equation-based simulation model of the Russian macroeconomy in an agent-based setup, and uses it to investigate the effect that antimonopoly legislation can be expected to have upon long-term dynamic behaviour. The results reveal various potential outcomes which would have not been visible using traditional equation-based modelling techniques. While the number of economic agents has been kept deliberately small in the work presented here, the modelling approach is scalable to systems incorporating many millions of agents.

scholarly journals The agent-based modelling as a decision support tool for brownfield redevelopment

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Tanja Mitrovic ◽  
Milica Vracaric
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Brownfield Redevelopment ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Plans

In recent history of urban studies there is a focus on sustainable urban development and long-term strategies. Dealing with brownfield redevelopment is of vital importance for the prosperous practice of urban planning. The current decisionmaking methods for brownfield redevelopment are mainly used for evaluating on-site situation, but not for future development plans. The purpose of this paper is to consider potential uses of agent-based modelling (ABM) in brownfield redevelopment decision support practice. In these models, agents are assigned with certain rules of behaviour that define their mutual interactions and allow simulations in a previously defined spatial framework. These collective behaviours influence the spatial patterns through interactions of individuals, which is reflected in the fact that the actions of the agents do not simply sum to the activity of the whole. This tool provides us with opportunity of observing possible scenarios of future brownfield development and making adequate decisions and strategies accordingly.

scholarly journals Modelling COVID-19 epidemic and its social consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Olena Pugachova
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Computer Experiments ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies different approaches to modelling COVID-19 transmission. It is emphasized that the variety of models proposed for forecasting the dynamics of epidemic and its long-term socio-economic consequences deals with the complexity of the object under investigation. So the multiplicity of models makes it possible to describe different aspects of complex reality. It is also highlighted that agent-based simulation is more suitable for modelling social aspects of the processes (human behaviour, social interactions, collective behaviour, and opinion diffusion) in the situation of deep uncertainty.The computer experiments with the parameters of the model are analysed on the basis of a number of agent-based models in NetLogo, namely epiDEM and ASSOCC. It is demonstrated that the dynamics of COVID-19 has different scenarios, and agent-based modelling is a powerful tool in political decisionmaking, taking into account social complexity that often exhibits unpredictable output of intervention policy. The role of agent-based modelling in social learning is also discussed. It is pointed out that social learning can reduce the impact of unsubstantiated statements and rumors that are not always adequate to the situation. It is also stressed that social learning could influence social behaviour that, in turn, facilitates the development of social patterns that reduces the likelihood of disease spreading. Attention is paid to the idea that involving people into the modelling process is a part of effective anti-epidemic policy because of the sensitivity of the output of political intervention to the behavioural reaction. It has been shown that today the ideas of agent-based modelling are widely used by social scientists worldwide. The aim of this endeavour is not only to overcome the current pandemic and its long-term socioeconomic consequences but also to prepare for new challenges in the future. The paper is also aimed at paying attention to the lack of agent-based models in Ukraine that could help policy-makers in developing practical recommendations and avoiding undesirable scenarios.

scholarly journals Predicting pattern formation in embryonic stem cells using a minimalist, agent-based probabilistic model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhong Wang ◽  
Athanasios Tsanas ◽  
Guillaume Blin ◽  
Dave Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Random Models ◽  
The Many ◽  
Modelling Approach

Abstract The mechanisms of pattern formation during embryonic development remain poorly understood. Embryonic stem cells in culture self-organise to form spatial patterns of gene expression upon geometrical confinement indicating that patterning is an emergent phenomenon that results from the many interactions between the cells. Here, we applied an agent-based modelling approach in order to identify plausible biological rules acting at the meso-scale within stem cell collectives that may explain spontaneous patterning. We tested different models involving differential motile behaviours with or without biases due to neighbour interactions. We introduced a new metric, termed stem cell aggregate pattern distance (SCAPD) to probabilistically assess the fitness of our models with empirical data. The best of our models improves fitness by 70% and 77% over the random models for a discoidal or an ellipsoidal stem cell confinement respectively. Collectively, our findings show that a parsimonious mechanism that involves differential motility is sufficient to explain the spontaneous patterning of the cells upon confinement. Our work also defines a region of the parameter space that is compatible with patterning. We hope that our approach will be applicable to many biological systems and will contribute towards facilitating progress by reducing the need for extensive and costly experiments.

scholarly journals Fixing Inequalities in Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Laura Bear
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Keynesian Economics

Precarity and uncertainty are a key axis of inequality; yet these are not problems in or of time. They are experiences generated by the forms of financialised speculation that have eroded long term planning for the public good since the late 1980-90s. Key mediating institutions such as central banks and bureaucracies have been influenced by epistemes of Post-Keynesian economics that have eroded their capacity to provide us with security of livelihoods and relationships. These have their ethical foundations in Adam Smith’s accounts of moral selfhood, and we can draw on Edward Westermarck’s critical anthropological relativizing of Smith’s ethics in order to critique them. We can also deploy Westermarck’s analyses of moral emotions to push back against emerging epistemes of narrative economics and agent based modelling that are relegitimising financialised speculation within our economic institutions at present. But more significantly perhaps, we should take Westermarck’s approach into the wild of contemporary speculative practice to analyse the moral emotions of care that characterise it. This approach is illustrated though an ethnography of the precarious, uncertain waterscape of the Global Thames. Such ethnographies should lead us to demand new versions of care based on mutuality and solidarity from our public economic institutions. This is especially important in the present moment of the COVID-19 epidemic, which has re-politicised fiscal and monetary policy.Keywords: precarity, uncertainty, timescapes, financialisation, speculation, mutuality,solidarity

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