scholarly journals Plutonium concentration and isotopic ratio in soil samples from central-eastern Japan collected around the 1970s

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guosheng Yang ◽  
Jian Zheng ◽  
Keiko Tagami ◽  
Shigeo Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plutonium Concentration ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Eastern Japan

Long-term lead contamination and isotopic source identification in Northern Hungary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorkhmaz Abbaszade ◽  
Davaakhuu Tserendorj ◽  
Nelson Salazar ◽  
Dóra Zacháry ◽  
Péter Völgyesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Source Identification ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Binary Mixing ◽  
High Lead ◽  
Pb Concentration

<p>Lead is one of the extensively distributed PTEs (potentially toxic elements) in the environment due to wide-scale anthropogenic activities (e.g., mining, vehicular emissions, industries, etc.), its geochemical feature, and natural abundance. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined Pb as 2<sup>nd</sup> most dangerous element for health, with particular concern for mental and physical disorders in adults and children. Salgótarján and Ózd cities (Northern Hungary) are two main former heavy industrial cities, with the smelter, steel industry, coal-fired power plant, coal mines, etc., supplied the country with coal and iron and steel products for centuries. The main aim of the research is to obtain a lead distribution map of the region and identify the potential sources by use of stable lead isotopes.</p><p>Urban soil samples were collected from each km<sup>2 </sup>of both cities. Additionally, a soil as geochemical background, as well as local slag and coal as suspected major pollution sources were collected. Lead content and stable Pb isotopes of all samples were analyzed by ICP-MS spectrometry.</p><p>Obtained results indicate heterogeneous distribution and high lead enrichment in both cities, where the Pb concentration ranged from 8.5 to 1692 ppm in Salgótarján and from 6.6 to 1674 ppm in Ózd. The average lead isotopic ratio in soil samples ranged from 1.146 to 1.240 (<sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb) for Salgótarján and from 1.084 to 1.240 for Ózd. Total Pb concentration and isotopic ratios of slag and coal samples depicted notable differences as isotopic ratios for Salgótarján and Ózd coals are <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb:1.175 and <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb:1.256, respectively. Meanwhile, the lead content in the Salgótarján fly-ash slag (from the coal-fired power plant) was identified as 14 ppm (<sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb:1.175, similar to coal). However, the Ózd smelter slag was characterized by high lead concentration (202 ppm) and lowest isotopic composition (<sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>207</sup>Pb=1.118).</p><p>To calculate the relative contribution of anthropogenic sources, suggested binary mixing models were used. It is revealed that in Salgótarján soils average 34 % of Pb enters from industrial sources, 43 % from coal, and 23 % from the natural environment. In contrast, in Ózd, the proportion of anthropogenic lead is estimated on average by 53 % from industries (slag), 38 % from coal, and only 9% from natural input. The proportion of coal and slag in the soil samples was proved by thorough microscopy observations and SEM analysis as well.</p><p>In conclusion, based on the comprehensive analysis, local smelter and steel-iron industries were the dominant Pb contamination sources in both cities.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Lead pollution, isotopic ratio, source identification, binary mixing model</p>

scholarly journals Local and global trace plutonium contributions in fast breeder legacy soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Tighe ◽  
Maxi Castrillejo ◽  
Marcus Christl ◽  
Claude Degueldre ◽  
Jeremy Andrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactor ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
Plutonium Concentration ◽  
Local Contribution ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Mass Concentrations

AbstractTrace-level plutonium in the environment often comprises local and global contributions, and is usually anthropogenic in origin. Here, we report estimates of local and global contributions to trace-level plutonium in soil from a former, fast-breeder reactor site. The measured 240Pu/239Pu ratio is anomalously low, as per the reduced 240Pu yield expected in plutonium bred with fast neutrons. Anomalies in plutonium concentration and isotopic ratio suggest forensic insight into specific activities on site, such as clean-up or structural change. Local and global 239Pu contributions on-site are estimated at (34 ± 1)% and (66 ± 3)%, respectively, with mass concentrations of (183 ± 6) fg g−1 and (362 ± 13) fg g−1. The latter is consistent with levels at undisturbed and distant sites, (384 ± 44) fg g−1, where no local contribution is expected. The 240Pu/239Pu ratio for site-derived material is estimated at 0.05 ± 0.04. Our study demonstrates the multi-faceted potential of trace plutonium assay to inform clean-up strategies of fast breeder legacies.

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

PERFORMANCE OF TORIA (BRASSICA COMPESTRIS SYN. RAPA L.) VARIETY: RAJ VIJAY TORIA-2 IN CENTRAL, EASTERN AND NORTH-EASTERN STATES OF INDIA UNDER RAINFED CONDITION

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
VIMLESH KUMAR TIWARI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Finger Printing ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Traits ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Dna Finger Printing ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Weight Trait

Performance of developed genotype RMT 08-2 was evaluated in central, eastern and north-eastern states of India under rain-fed condition for quantitative and qualitative traits. It gave highest seed yield over checks in zone III and V. Morphologically plants were erect, medium spreading in nature and primary branches with dichotomous habit. Plants height ranged from 107124 (cm) which matured in 82-112 days. Mature seeds were round in shape and blackish brown in colour. No significant difference between RVT-2 and checks were observed for test weight trait. An average oil yield 485 (kg/h) was recorded over 7 places which was 10% higher than both checks i.e. 14.12% and 11.24% under AICRP trials. Maximum seed yield was obtained on farmers field during 2013-14 and 2014-15 which was 1500 (kg/h) and 1215 (kg/h) that is 33.42% and 26.30% respectively over farmers own seeds. At Morena center, highest seed yield (1753 kg/h) over Bhawani (1512 kg/h) was 15.94% higher than check whereas RVT-2 gave 2245 (kg/h) against Bhawani (1975 kg/h) which was 13.67% higher. DNA finger printing indicated that primers PUT-19, PUT-96, PUT-149, PUT-169, PUT-181 and PUT-271 are useful in generating unique profile of RVT-2 containing 27 bands for its discrimination from other varieties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document