scholarly journals Water-assisted proton delivery and removal in bio-inspired hydrogen production catalysts

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (24) ◽  
pp. 10969-10979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Hsun Ho ◽  
Molly O'Hagan ◽  
Michel Dupuis ◽  
Daniel L. DuBois ◽  
R. Morris Bullock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Accelerate Proton ◽  
Improved Performance

Water is found to accelerate proton delivery and removal in electrocatalysts for H2 production, resulting in a marked increase in the catalytic rates. The significant reduction in protonation/deprotonation barriers observed in the presence of water has important implications for design catalysts with improved performance.

Improved performance of a catalytic plate reactor coated with distributed layers of reforming and combustion catalysts for hydrogen production

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur Mundhwa ◽  
Christopher P. Thurgood
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Methane Steam Reforming ◽  
Methane Steam ◽  
Improved Performance

Novel distributed coatings of reforming and combustion catalysts for hydrogen production by combustion assisted methane steam reforming.

Toward The Simultaneous Correction of Spherical and Chromatic Aberration in Electron Optics by Means of an Electrostatic Electron Mirror

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-207
Author(s):  
Gertrude. F. Rempfer
Keyword(s):  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Ion Imaging ◽  
Corrected Image ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Chromatic Aberrations ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Image Planes

Optimum performance in electron and ion imaging instruments, such as electron microscopes and probe-forming instruments, in most cases depends on a compromise either between imaging errors due to spherical and chromatic aberrations and the diffraction error or between the imaging errors and the current in the image. These compromises result in the use of very small angular apertures. Reducing the spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients would permit the use of larger apertures with resulting improved performance, granted that other problems such as incorrect operation of the instrument or spurious disturbances do not interfere. One approach to correcting aberrations which has been investigated extensively is through the use of multipole electric and magnetic fields. Another approach involves the use of foil windows. However, a practical system for correcting spherical and chromatic aberration is not yet available.Our approach to correction of spherical and chromatic aberration makes use of an electrostatic electron mirror. Early studies of the properties of electron mirrors were done by Recknagel. More recently my colleagues and I have studied the properties of the hyperbolic electron mirror as a function of the ratio of accelerating voltage to mirror voltage. The spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients of the mirror are of opposite sign (overcorrected) from those of electron lenses (undercorrected). This important property invites one to find a way to incorporate a correcting mirror in an electron microscope. Unfortunately, the parts of the beam heading toward and away from the mirror must be separated. A transverse magnetic field can separate the beams, but in general the deflection aberrations degrade the image. The key to avoiding the detrimental effects of deflection aberrations is to have deflections take place at image planes. Our separating system is shown in Fig. 1. Deflections take place at the separating magnet and also at two additional magnetic deflectors. The uncorrected magnified image formed by the objective lens is focused in the first deflector, and relay lenses transfer the image to the separating magnet. The interface lens and the hyperbolic mirror acting in zoom fashion return the corrected image to the separating magnet, and the second set of relay lenses transfers the image to the final deflector, where the beam is deflected onto the projection axis.

Utilization of electrical charges in the pores of tofu waste for hydrogen production in water

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
I. N. G. Wardana ◽  
N. Willy Satrio
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Sensor ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Partial Charge ◽  
Delocalized Electron ◽  
Water Hydrogen

Tofu is main food in Indonesia and its waste generally pollutes the waters. This study aims to change the waste into energy by utilizing the electric charge in the pores of tofu waste to produce hydrogen in water. The tofu pore is negatively charged and the surface surrounding the pore has a positive charge. The positive and negative electric charges stretch water molecules that have a partial charge. With the addition of a 12V electrical energy during electrolysis, water breaks down into hydrogen. The test was conducted on pre-treated tofu waste suspension using oxalic acid. The hydrogen concentration was measured by a MQ-8 hydrogen sensor. The result shows that the addition of turmeric together with sodium bicarbonate to tofu waste in water, hydrogen production increased more than four times. This is due to the fact that magnetic field generated by delocalized electron in aromatic ring in turmeric energizes all electrons in the pores of tofu waste, in the sodium bicarbonate, and in water that boosts hydrogen production. At the same time the stronger partial charge in natrium bicarbonate shields the hydrogen proton from strong attraction of tofu pores. These two combined effect are very powerful for larger hydrogen production in water by tofu waste.

Bleaching optimization at WestRock mill in Covington, Virginia

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽  
PETER W. HART ◽  
DOUGLAS C. PRYKE ◽  
JOHN VANDERHEIDE
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Equipment Repair ◽  
Optimization Program ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
Improved Performance

The WestRock mill in Covington, VA, USA, initiated a long term diagnostic and optimization program for all three of its bleaching lines. Benchmarking studies were used to help identify optimization opportunities. Capital expenditures for mixing improvement, filtrate changes, equipment repair, other equipment changes, and species changes were outside the scope of this work. This focus of this paper is the B line, producing southern hardwood pulp in a D(EP)DD sequence at 88% GE brightness. The benchmarking study and optimization work identified the following opportunities for improved performance: nonoptimal addition of caustic and hydrogen peroxide to the (EP) stage, carryover of D0 filtrate to the (EP) stage, and carryover of (EP) filtrate to the D1 stage. As a result of actions the mill undertook to address these opportunities, D0 kappa factor decreased about 5%, sodium hydroxide consumption in the (EP) stage decreased about 35%, chlorine dioxide consumption in the D1 stage decreased about 25%, and overall bleaching cost decreased about 15%.

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