Background:
Lichens which are betide to mangroves are termed as Manglicolous Lichens
(ML). As these ML are habituated under stress conditions, they are screened for unique metabolites
and biological activities.
Objective:
The study aimed to establish the chemical and biological profile of ML, Graphis
ajarekarii.
Methods:
The Ethyl Acetate Extract of G. ajarekarii (EAE) was subjected to chromatographic techniques
and the obtained isolates were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. The hydroalcoholic extract
of G. ajarekarii (AE), EAE, isolates and Hydroalcoholic Extract of host (HE) were evaluated for
fibrinolytic (fibrin clot method), in vitro (protein denaturation method) and in vivo (formalin-induced
rat paw oedema assay), anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) activities.
Results:
Chemical investigation of the EAE led to the isolation of two known compounds namely
atranorin (1) and ribenone (2), which were confirmed by spectral data. The AE and EAE gradually
lysed the fibrin clot with 94.54 and 65.07%, respectively, at 24 h. The AE inhibited protein denaturation
of about 88.06%, while the standard (Indomethacin) with 93.62%. Similarly, the in vivo antiinflammatory
analysis of AE (200 mg/mL) showed potent reduction of rat paw oedema than the
standard, whereas EAE and 1 depicted moderate depletion. In addition, the AE revealed prominence
inhibition on MCF-7, DU145 and K-562 with IC50 values of 69.5, 42.5 and 38 µg/mL, respectively,
whereas the HE exhibited mild inhibitory profile against fibrin clot, inflammation and cancer.
Conclusion:
From the results, it can be concluded that the G. ajarekarii has an aptitude to act
against coagulation, inflammation and cancer cells.
Synthesis and Evaluation of New Coumarin Derivatives as Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Agents
