Hydrophobic modification of polypropylene/starch blend foams through tailoring cell diameter for oil-spill cleanup

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (85) ◽  
pp. 82088-82095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhi Xu ◽  
Junjia Bian ◽  
Changyu Han ◽  
Lisong Dong
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Hydrophobic Modification ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

PP/starch blend foams with good hydrophobicity and oil recovery efficiency were prepared by tailoring cell diameter without involving any chemicals.

A Survey of Classical and New Response Methods for Marine Oil Spill Cleanup

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Emilio A. Tsocalis ◽  
Thomas W. Kowenhoven ◽  
Anastassios N. Perakis
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Heavy Oil Recovery ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

Both classical and new marine oil spill cleanup response methods and techniques are discussed. The intention is mainly to answer the fundamental questions of when, where, and how to apply the different methods. A brief review of the stages of the oil spill response problem is first presented, followed by the factors that influence the different methods. This is followed by an analysis of some new cleanup methods and improvements to existing methods, specifically: bioremediation, the use of more efficient ships for skimming, the use of fishing nets for heavy oil recovery, and new materials and designs of sorbents. Some cases are also analyzed to evaluate the performance of some methods under real conditions.

COMBATING OIL WITH SIDE-FITTED SWEEPING BOOMS

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-110
Author(s):  
Erling Blomberg
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

ABSTRACT Oil spill cleanup systems using side-fitted sweeping booms are developed to operate offshore with minimal requirements for vessels and personnel. The system takes advantage of the boundary layers created by the oil recovery vessel, thus simplifying the handling of booms, skimmers, and the oil recovery operation itself.

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF OFFSHORE OIL-SPILL CLEANUP OPERATIONS

1975 ◽  
Vol 1975 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
R. A. Cochran ◽  
G. A. Manney ◽  
J. P. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Wave State ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup ◽  
Probabilistic Nature

ABSTRACT A computer simulation program has been developed to aid in the evaluation of the oil-spill contingency plans for offshore operations. Using this program, the performance of oil-spill recovery equipment can be simulated as a function of oil-spill size, spill location, and weather. The unique feature of the program is its ability to predict oil recovery as a function of weather conditions. The weather data used consist of the historical wave height frequency distribution and wave height persistence. The oil thickness, which is determined by spreading of the oil, and the wave state determine the performance of recovery equipment. When using the program, oil-spill events and cleanup operations are simulated many times. Each time the weather conditions used in the simulation will be different, owing to the probabilistic nature of weather in the real world and the use of random access to the weather data. In this way a probabilistic estimate of oil recovery is produced for any given oil-spill incident and equipment array. Simulations are presented using state-of-the-art equipment, although the use of improved equipment can be simulated. The results show the need for rapid response and for containment for sudden spills due to the rapid thinning of uncontained oil.

PERFORMANCE TESTS OF FOUR SELECTED OIL SPILL SKIMMERS

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Calm Water ◽  
Light Oil

ABSTRACT From April through October, 1977, a series of oil spill skimmer performance tests were conducted at the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT), Leonardo, New Jersey. This program was sponsored by EPA, the Coast Guard, Navy, and Department of Energy combined as the OHMSETT Interagency Test Committee (OITC). The test devices selected were the commercially-available Oil Mop, Inc. Dynamic Skimmer, the Cyclonet 050 mounted on a Zodiac Inflatable boat, the Anti-Pollution, Inc. Clowsor Skimmer, and the Bennett Pollution Controls, LTD., Mark 6E Skimmer. A total of 198 test runs were performed during which each device was evaluated for recovery of two test oils through a wide range of simulated environmental conditions of waves and currents. The performance indicating parameters were: (1) throughput efficiency, the percentage of oil encountered which is collected; (2) recovery efficiency, the percent oil in the oil/water mixture collected; and (3) oil recovery rate, the volume of oil collected per unit time. The Oil Mop Dynamic Skimmer produced its highest average throughput efficiency (78 percent) with light oil (9 centistokes—cst) at a tow speed of 200 feet per minute (fpm) in calm water. Highest recovery efficiency (77 percent) was observed with heavy oil (3,000 cst) at 200 fpm in calm water, and maximum recovery rate was established with light oil at a tow speed of 400 fpm. The Cyclonet 050 showed its highest average performance with heavy oil (550 cst) at a tow speed of 150 fpm. Throughput efficiency was 34 percent in calm water, recovery efficiency was 27 percent in the 0.6 by 26.2 ft (height by length) wave and recovery rate was 14 gallons per minute (gpm) in calm water. The Clowsor Skimmer was tested as an advancing and stationary system. Highest average results occurred in the stationary mode with heavy oil (1,900 cst) and recovery efficiency was 91 percent. Maximum recovery rate observed was 95 gpm. The Bennett Mark 6E Skimmer performed best with heavy oil (3,200 cst). Throughput efficiency was 95 percent at a tow speed of 300 fpm, recovery efficiency was 88 percent at 100 fpm, and maximum oil recovery rate occurred at 200 fpm and was measured at 108 gpm. The general trend of performance for all devices tested showed diminishing performance with increased tow speeds and wave conditions.

scholarly journals OHMSETT TESTS OF THE TOSCON WEIR SKIMMER AND GRAVITY DIFFERENTIAL SEPARATOR1

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Gates ◽  
Kevin M. Corradino
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Spill Control

ABSTRACT An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Texas Oil Spill Control, Inc. (TOSCON) weir skimmer and gravity differential separator was conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) facility in October 1982. The tests were sponsored by the OHMSETT Interagency Technical Committee (OITC). The TOSCON skimmer and separator are designed and manufactured by Texas Oil Spill Control, Inc., of Conroe, Texas. The skimmer was designed to operate at intake rates up to 227 cubic meters per hour (m3/h) alone and up to 11.4 m3/h when operated with the oil-water separator. Recovery efficiency and oil recovery rate were the criteria used to measure the skimmer's performance with respect to oil slick thickness, propeller speed, waves, and tow speed. Separator performance was judged by its effectiveness in separating an oil and water dispersion with respect to percent water in the oil effluent and oil concentration in the water effluent samples. The independent variables used in testing the separator were flow rate and oil concentration of the influent liquid. The separator achieved a best performance effluent oil sample containing less than 0.02 percent water. Samples taken during normal operating conditions contained an average of 2.2 percent water. The lowest concentration of oil in an effluent water sample was 65 milligrams per liter (mg/L); the average concentration for all samples was 506 mg/L of oil. Overall, the separator performed best when oil concentrations in the influent were above 40 percent. The skimmer was tested in oil slicks from 1 millimeter (mm) to 31 mm thick. Oil recovery rates ranged from 0.5 to 8.6 m3/h; the average was 2.5 m3/h. Recovery efficiency ranged from 8 to 59 percent. Best performance of the skimmer and separator when tested as a system occurred when the skimmer propeller was run at a speed of 620 rpm in a light oil slick of 26 mm. Under these conditions, the separator yielded effluent oil with 0.2 percent water content and effluent water containing 192 mg of oil/L.

Hydrophobic Modification of Platanus Fruit Fibers as Natural Hollow Fibrous Sorbents for Oil Spill Cleanup

2016 ◽  
Vol 227 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yang ◽  
Ziru Wang ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Liheng Yang ◽  
Changyu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Hydrophobic Modification ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

EFFECTIVENESS OF OIL SPILL RECOVERY SYSTEMS

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 983-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Encounter Rates ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT The measure of the effectiveness of an oil spill recovery system is the ability of the system to recover the most oil in the least time. Because of the rapid spreading and thinning of spilled oil, it is essential that oil recovery equipment be tested and rated using realistic oil encounter rates and spilled oil thicknesses. ASTM standards F631 and F808 define encounter rate (ER), throughput efficiency (TE), and oil recovery efficiency (ORE). Using these definitions and testing using realistic slick thicknesses, encounter rates, and environmental conditions makes ranking the effectiveness of oil spill recovery devices possible.

EVALUATION OF OLEOPHILIC SKIMMER PERFORMANCE IN DIMINISHING OIL SLICK THICKNESSES

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1366-1381
Author(s):  
Kristi McKinney ◽  
John Caplis ◽  
Dave DeVitis ◽  
Keith Van Dyke
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Oil Thickness

ABSTRACT 2017-086 ASTM F2709-15 “Standard Test Method for Determining a Measured Nameplate Recovery Rate of Stationary Oil Skimmer Systems” has become the standard for testing the performance of stationary skimmers. This standard specifies testing the skimmer in “ideal conditions” in order to measure a skimming system’s maximum performance. These ideal conditions are created by testing the skimmer in calm conditions and allowing the skimmer to recover either in pure oil or in a thick layer of oil on water. When testing the skimmer in oil and water, the skimmer recovers oil in a starting oil thickness of 75mm and continues recovery until the oil thickness reaches 50mm. Performance values obtained from this test include measured nameplate recovery rate (NRR) which is the maximum rate at which the skimmer system can recover and process oil under ideal conditions, and the recovery efficiency (RE) which is the percentage of oil collected to total fluid collected. In actual oil spills it cannot be assumed that a skimmer will encounter enough oil to continuously conduct recovery operations in 50–75mm of oil. As these performance values are becoming a tool used by regulators to verify the capabilities of response equipment listed in oil spill response contingency plans, it is important to understand if and how a skimmer’s performance will vary as oil slick thickness changes. To explore this question, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) and Ohmsett - The National Oil Spill Response Research and Renewable Energy Test Facility, recently conducted independent performance testing of two oleophilic skimming systems to better understand the relationship between oil recovery rate, recovery efficiency, and different oil slick thicknesses. Skimmers were tested in various oil slick thicknesses ranging from 75mm down to 6mm at the Ohmsett facility. Skimmers were tested in a type I refined test oil as defined by the ASTM F631-15 “Standard Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in Controlled Environments.” Testing results suggest that reduced oil thicknesses do indeed have a significant impact on the measured recovery capabilities of a skimmer. This paper outlines the final testing results, and discusses the potential implications of using ASTM F2709-15 performance values in conjunction with various oil spill response planning standards for mechanical oil recovery equipment.

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