scholarly journals OHMSETT TESTS OF THE TOSCON WEIR SKIMMER AND GRAVITY DIFFERENTIAL SEPARATOR1

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Gates ◽  
Kevin M. Corradino
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Spill Control

ABSTRACT An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Texas Oil Spill Control, Inc. (TOSCON) weir skimmer and gravity differential separator was conducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) facility in October 1982. The tests were sponsored by the OHMSETT Interagency Technical Committee (OITC). The TOSCON skimmer and separator are designed and manufactured by Texas Oil Spill Control, Inc., of Conroe, Texas. The skimmer was designed to operate at intake rates up to 227 cubic meters per hour (m3/h) alone and up to 11.4 m3/h when operated with the oil-water separator. Recovery efficiency and oil recovery rate were the criteria used to measure the skimmer's performance with respect to oil slick thickness, propeller speed, waves, and tow speed. Separator performance was judged by its effectiveness in separating an oil and water dispersion with respect to percent water in the oil effluent and oil concentration in the water effluent samples. The independent variables used in testing the separator were flow rate and oil concentration of the influent liquid. The separator achieved a best performance effluent oil sample containing less than 0.02 percent water. Samples taken during normal operating conditions contained an average of 2.2 percent water. The lowest concentration of oil in an effluent water sample was 65 milligrams per liter (mg/L); the average concentration for all samples was 506 mg/L of oil. Overall, the separator performed best when oil concentrations in the influent were above 40 percent. The skimmer was tested in oil slicks from 1 millimeter (mm) to 31 mm thick. Oil recovery rates ranged from 0.5 to 8.6 m3/h; the average was 2.5 m3/h. Recovery efficiency ranged from 8 to 59 percent. Best performance of the skimmer and separator when tested as a system occurred when the skimmer propeller was run at a speed of 620 rpm in a light oil slick of 26 mm. Under these conditions, the separator yielded effluent oil with 0.2 percent water content and effluent water containing 192 mg of oil/L.

EVALUATION OF OLEOPHILIC SKIMMER PERFORMANCE IN DIMINISHING OIL SLICK THICKNESSES

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1366-1381
Author(s):  
Kristi McKinney ◽  
John Caplis ◽  
Dave DeVitis ◽  
Keith Van Dyke
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Oil Thickness

ABSTRACT 2017-086 ASTM F2709-15 “Standard Test Method for Determining a Measured Nameplate Recovery Rate of Stationary Oil Skimmer Systems” has become the standard for testing the performance of stationary skimmers. This standard specifies testing the skimmer in “ideal conditions” in order to measure a skimming system’s maximum performance. These ideal conditions are created by testing the skimmer in calm conditions and allowing the skimmer to recover either in pure oil or in a thick layer of oil on water. When testing the skimmer in oil and water, the skimmer recovers oil in a starting oil thickness of 75mm and continues recovery until the oil thickness reaches 50mm. Performance values obtained from this test include measured nameplate recovery rate (NRR) which is the maximum rate at which the skimmer system can recover and process oil under ideal conditions, and the recovery efficiency (RE) which is the percentage of oil collected to total fluid collected. In actual oil spills it cannot be assumed that a skimmer will encounter enough oil to continuously conduct recovery operations in 50–75mm of oil. As these performance values are becoming a tool used by regulators to verify the capabilities of response equipment listed in oil spill response contingency plans, it is important to understand if and how a skimmer’s performance will vary as oil slick thickness changes. To explore this question, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) and Ohmsett - The National Oil Spill Response Research and Renewable Energy Test Facility, recently conducted independent performance testing of two oleophilic skimming systems to better understand the relationship between oil recovery rate, recovery efficiency, and different oil slick thicknesses. Skimmers were tested in various oil slick thicknesses ranging from 75mm down to 6mm at the Ohmsett facility. Skimmers were tested in a type I refined test oil as defined by the ASTM F631-15 “Standard Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in Controlled Environments.” Testing results suggest that reduced oil thicknesses do indeed have a significant impact on the measured recovery capabilities of a skimmer. This paper outlines the final testing results, and discusses the potential implications of using ASTM F2709-15 performance values in conjunction with various oil spill response planning standards for mechanical oil recovery equipment.

OIL SPILL TREATMENT STRATEGY MODELING FOR GEORGES BANK

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
Peter C. Cornillon ◽  
Malcolm L. Spaulding ◽  
Kurt Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Oil Dispersant ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Spill Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT As part of a larger project assessing the environmental impact of treated versus untreated oil spills, a fates model has been developed which tracks both the surface and subsurface oil. The approach used to spread, drift, and evaporate the surface slick is similar to that in most other oil spill models. The subsurface technique, however, makes use of a modified particle-in-cell method which diffuses and advects individual oil/dispersant droplets representative of a large number of similar droplets. This scheme predicts the time-dependent oil concentration distribution in the water column, which can then be employed as input to a fisheries population model. In addition to determining the fate of the untreated spill, the model also allows for chemical treatment and/or mechanical cleanup of the spilled oil. With this capability, the effectiveness of different oil spill control and removal strategies can be quantified. The model has been applied to simulate a 34,840 metric ton spill of a No. 2-type oil on Georges Bank. The concentration of oil in the water column and the surface slick trajectory are predicted as a function of time for chemically treated and untreated spills occurring in April and December. In each case, the impact on the cod fishery was determined and is described in detail in a paper by Reed and Spaulding presented at this conference.

Performance of a rotating drum skimmer in oil spill recovery

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Hammoud ◽  
M F Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Rotating Drum ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Water

Oil spill recovery by means of a rotating drum skimmer was investigated experimentally for a wide range of design and operating conditions. The effect of drum diameter, drum length, rotating speed, oil film thickness, oil properties, and drum centre height above the oil/water interface surface were analyzed with respect to oil recovery rate of the drum skimmer. Crude, diesel, SAE 10W and SAE 140W oils were used during this investigation. It was found that oil recovery rate increases with increasing drum diameter, drum length, drum centre height above the oil/water interface, and oil slick thickness oil viscosity, and increases as oil density and surface tension decreases. The results revealed that the drum skimmer is an effective device for recovering spills of low viscosity oil, such as light crude oil, which is the type of oil involved in most serious spills and pollutions of the sea. Furthermore, an empirical equation is proposed for predicting the oil recovery rate of the device. The equation can be applied to different oils, and gives good agreement with observed data.

Hydrophobic modification of polypropylene/starch blend foams through tailoring cell diameter for oil-spill cleanup

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (85) ◽  
pp. 82088-82095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhi Xu ◽  
Junjia Bian ◽  
Changyu Han ◽  
Lisong Dong
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Hydrophobic Modification ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

PP/starch blend foams with good hydrophobicity and oil recovery efficiency were prepared by tailoring cell diameter without involving any chemicals.

PERFORMANCE TESTS OF FOUR SELECTED OIL SPILL SKIMMERS

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Calm Water ◽  
Light Oil

ABSTRACT From April through October, 1977, a series of oil spill skimmer performance tests were conducted at the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT), Leonardo, New Jersey. This program was sponsored by EPA, the Coast Guard, Navy, and Department of Energy combined as the OHMSETT Interagency Test Committee (OITC). The test devices selected were the commercially-available Oil Mop, Inc. Dynamic Skimmer, the Cyclonet 050 mounted on a Zodiac Inflatable boat, the Anti-Pollution, Inc. Clowsor Skimmer, and the Bennett Pollution Controls, LTD., Mark 6E Skimmer. A total of 198 test runs were performed during which each device was evaluated for recovery of two test oils through a wide range of simulated environmental conditions of waves and currents. The performance indicating parameters were: (1) throughput efficiency, the percentage of oil encountered which is collected; (2) recovery efficiency, the percent oil in the oil/water mixture collected; and (3) oil recovery rate, the volume of oil collected per unit time. The Oil Mop Dynamic Skimmer produced its highest average throughput efficiency (78 percent) with light oil (9 centistokes—cst) at a tow speed of 200 feet per minute (fpm) in calm water. Highest recovery efficiency (77 percent) was observed with heavy oil (3,000 cst) at 200 fpm in calm water, and maximum recovery rate was established with light oil at a tow speed of 400 fpm. The Cyclonet 050 showed its highest average performance with heavy oil (550 cst) at a tow speed of 150 fpm. Throughput efficiency was 34 percent in calm water, recovery efficiency was 27 percent in the 0.6 by 26.2 ft (height by length) wave and recovery rate was 14 gallons per minute (gpm) in calm water. The Clowsor Skimmer was tested as an advancing and stationary system. Highest average results occurred in the stationary mode with heavy oil (1,900 cst) and recovery efficiency was 91 percent. Maximum recovery rate observed was 95 gpm. The Bennett Mark 6E Skimmer performed best with heavy oil (3,200 cst). Throughput efficiency was 95 percent at a tow speed of 300 fpm, recovery efficiency was 88 percent at 100 fpm, and maximum oil recovery rate occurred at 200 fpm and was measured at 108 gpm. The general trend of performance for all devices tested showed diminishing performance with increased tow speeds and wave conditions.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF OIL SPILL CONTROL DEVICES FOR USE IN COLD CLIMATES IN JAPAN

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Isao Suzuki ◽  
Kenjiro Miki
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Spill Control

ABSTRACT In 1981, the Institute of Ocean Environmental Technology (IOOET) began work on the five-year Arctic Marine Oil Spill Control Devices Research and Development program in Japan. The following tests were conducted at the IOOET's test facility.The physical properties and evaporation of a crude oil were examined under a variety of temperature conditions.Two selected adhesion type oil skimmers, a mop and a disc type, were evaluated for their recovery efficiency and oil recovery rate using an oil which had the same viscosity as crude oil at low temperatures. The mop type oil skimmer was newly developed in this program.Performance tests were conducted with two portable oil booms which were popular in Japan. Booms were towed in the catenary configuration with oil and simulated ice pieces. Booms were tested for the critical tow speed at which oil or ice began to escape the boom.Experiments using midwater trawl nets were conducted for recovering oils sunk below the water surface. Various types of trawl net were designed and tested in the circulating water channel with emulsified bunker C fuel oil. This paper summarizes the results of the tests and shows the applicability of each device for use in cold waters.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN OIL SKIMMER OPERATED BY CRANE BARGES

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
Muneo Yoshie ◽  
Isamu Fujita ◽  
Kenji Takezaki
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Test Tank ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Operational Test

ABSTRACT This paper reports about an oil skimming system for crane barges. It was tested with heavy fuel oil and emulsion in a large test tank and its operational test was carried out at SAKAI PORT in Japan. We can estimate performance of the skimmer from experiment data in large test tank, recovering C heavy fuel oil and its emulsion in waves. Estimated oil recovery rate is 5.9tlh and recovery efficiency is 70% when the oil slick thickness is about 2 cm. The recovery rate is equal to, and the recovery efficiency is 2 times higher than the performance of the grab-bucket (capacity 4m3). As a result of the field test, we can propose the oil skimmer as the most immediate oil recovery equipment with a crane barge'S operation.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling of Marine Oil Spills in the Luanjiakou District, near the Port of Yantai

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daming Li ◽  
Xingchen Tang ◽  
Yanqing Li ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Hongqiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lagrange Method ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Marine Oil Spills

This paper presents a simulation method for oil spills in a multi-island area. The simulation considers three parts, which consist of(1)the spreading of an oil slick on its edge as well as the diffusion and drift under dynamic actions,(2)the evaporation and spreading thickness of an oil slick in its interior, and(3)the adsorption and emulsification near shorelines and islands. The Euler-Lagrange method is adopted to track the spill location and particles positions on the edge of oil slicks. A mathematical model of marine oil spills is established for the Luanjiakou District of the Port of Yantai. The flow field verification shows that the BIAS of tidal level, flow velocity, and flow direction is below ±10 cm, 0.11 m/s, and ±2°, respectively, and the oil spill verification captures satisfactory results. Hence, the proposed model could reproduce the oil spill process in this region. Then, we simulate oil spills under various operating conditions. It is concluded that the transport of oil slicks is mainly influenced by flood/ebb currents, whereas the wind plays a major role in the drift and thickness of oil slicks. The study provides an important reference to controlling and handling of accidental oil spills.

EFFECTIVENESS OF OIL SPILL RECOVERY SYSTEMS

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 983-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Encounter Rates ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT The measure of the effectiveness of an oil spill recovery system is the ability of the system to recover the most oil in the least time. Because of the rapid spreading and thinning of spilled oil, it is essential that oil recovery equipment be tested and rated using realistic oil encounter rates and spilled oil thicknesses. ASTM standards F631 and F808 define encounter rate (ER), throughput efficiency (TE), and oil recovery efficiency (ORE). Using these definitions and testing using realistic slick thicknesses, encounter rates, and environmental conditions makes ranking the effectiveness of oil spill recovery devices possible.

scholarly journals Marine Oil Slick Detection Using Improved Polarimetric Feature Parameters Based on Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Guannan Li ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Yongchao Hou ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Data ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Oil Spill Detection ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Feature Parameters ◽  
Aperture Radar

Marine oil spill detection is vital for strengthening the emergency commands of oil spill accidents and repairing the marine environment after a disaster. Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (Pol-SAR) can obtain abundant information of the targets by measuring their complex scattering matrices, which is conducive to analyze and interpret the scattering mechanism of oil slicks, look-alikes, and seawater and realize the extraction and detection of oil slicks. The polarimetric features of quad-pol SAR have now been extended to oil spill detection. Inspired by this advancement, we proposed a set of improved polarimetric feature combination based on polarimetric scattering entropy H and the improved anisotropy A12–H_A12. The objective of this study was to improve the distinguishability between oil slicks, look-alikes, and background seawater. First, the oil spill detection capability of the H_A12 combination was observed to be superior than that obtained using the traditional H_A combination; therefore, it can be adopted as an alternate oil spill detection strategy to the latter. Second, H(1 − A12) combination can enhance the scattering randomness of the oil spill target, which outperformed the remaining types of polarimetric feature parameters in different oil spill scenarios, including in respect to the relative thickness information of oil slicks, oil slicks and look-alikes, and different types of oil slicks. The evaluations and comparisons showed that the proposed polarimetric features can indicate the oil slick information and effectively suppress the sea clutter and look-alike information.

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