Prediction of fatty methyl esters and physical properties of soybean oil/biodiesel blends from near and mid-infrared spectra using the data fusion strategy

In a stretch of arable lands like those of the Ganges Valley, although damage may be caused by occasional floods, which are sudden and of short duration, the more general, and by far the most serious loss is due to deficiency of moisture of the soil: thus the relation of the soil to soil moisture becomes of more than ordinary importance. Dr Voelcker, in his Report on Indian Agriculture, remarks: “In India the relation of soils to moisture acquires a greater significance than almost anywhere else.......” This relation is fundamental, for on it depends the methods for the conservation of soil moisture, for the economical application of irrigation water, and for the treatment of barren and salt lands—all problems of direct interest to agriculturists in the plains of Northern India. The methods for dealing with these problems must be largely—if not entirely—empirical until such time as the behaviour of the soil in its relation to moisture is investigated. The problem in all its various branches is enormous, and in a country in which the seasons follow each other with such rapidity, and vary the one from the other in so marked a manner, it frequently happens that a particular point, if not determined within a period of a few days, must await solution until the following year.

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Mid and near Infrared Study of Carbohydrates by Canonical Correlation Analysis

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

10.1255/jnirs.13 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 99-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

P. Robert ◽

M.F. Devaux ◽

A. Qannari ◽

M. Safar

Keyword(s):

Correlation Analysis ◽

Infrared Spectra ◽

Canonical Correlation ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Infrared Region ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Mid Infrared ◽

Total Sugar Content ◽

Near Infrared Spectra

Multivariate data treatments were applied to mid and near infrared spectra of glucose, fructose and sucrose solutions in order to specify near infrared frequencies that characterise each carbohydrate. As a first step, the mid and near infrared regions were separately studied by performing Principal Component Analyses. While glucose, fructose and sucrose could be clearly identified on the similarity maps derived from the mid infrared spectra, only the total sugar content of the solutions was observed when using the near infrared region. Characteristic wavelengths of the total sugar content were found at 2118, 2270 and 2324 nm. In a second step, the mid and near infrared regions were jointly studied by a Canonical Correlation Analysis. As the assignments of frequencies are generally well known in the mid infrared region, it should be useful to study the relationships between the two infrared regions. Thus, the canonical patterns obtained from the near infrared spectra revealed wavelengths that characterised each carbohydrate. The OH and CH combination bands were observed at: 2088 and 2332 nm for glucose, 2134 and 2252 nm for fructose, 2058 and 2278 nm for sucrose. Although a precise assignment of the near infrared bands to chemical groups within the molecules was not possible, the present work showed that near infrared spectra of carbohydrates presented specific features.

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Correction to “Vibrational spectrum of MgSiO3perovskite: Zero-pressure Raman and mid-infrared spectra to 27 GPa” by Quentin Williams, Raymond Jeanloz, and Paul McMillan

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/jb092ib11p11670 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 92 (B11) ◽

pp. 11670-11670 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Quentin Williams ◽

Raymond Jeanloz ◽

Paul McMillan

Keyword(s):

Vibrational Spectrum ◽

Infrared Spectra ◽

Mid Infrared

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Comparison of performance and emissions of diesel fuel, rapeseed and soybean oil methyl esters injected at different pressures

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2009.08.032 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 814-820 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

İsmet Çelikten ◽

Atilla Koca ◽

Mehmet Ali Arslan

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Performance And Emissions

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USE OF CERAMIC MATERIAL (CEMENT CLINKER) FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL

International Journal of Modern Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1142/s201019451300994x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 71-78

Author(s):

SUNNY SONI ◽

MADHU AGARWAL

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Edible Oils ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Rural Economic Development ◽

Additional Demand ◽

Biodiesel Fuels

Biodiesel is a renewable liquid fuel made from natural, renewable biological sources such as edible and non edible oils. Over the last years, biodiesel has gained more market due to its benefits and because it appears as the natural substitute for diesel. Reasons for growing interest in biodiesel include its potential for reducing noxious emissions, potential contributions to rural economic development, as an additional demand center for agricultural commodities, and as a way to reduce reliance on foreign oil. Biodiesel was prepared from soybean oil by transesterification with methanol in the presence of cement clinker. Cement clinker was examined as a catalyst for a conversion of soybean oil to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). It can be a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel fuels from soybean oil because of high activity in the conversion and no leaching in the transesterification reaction. The reaction conditions were optimized. A study for optimizing the reaction parameters such as the reaction temperature, and reaction time, was carried out. The catalyst cement clinker composition was characterized by XRF. The results demonstrate that the cement clinker shows high catalytic performance & it was found that the yield of biodiesel can reach as high as 84.52% after 1 h reaction at 65°C, with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 21 wt% KOH/cement clinker as catalyst.

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