scholarly journals Temperature-dependent phase behaviour of tetrahydrofuran–water alters solubilization of xylan to improve co-production of furfurals from lignocellulosic biomass

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1612-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micholas Dean Smith ◽  
Charles M. Cai ◽  
Xiaolin Cheng ◽  
Loukas Petridis ◽  
Jeremy C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Selective Solvation

Selective solvation of xylan by water in the THF–Water miscibility gap allows tunable solubilization.

Temperature-dependent phase behaviour of dihydroxy octadecanoic acid methyl esters: Influence of stereochemistry and position of the second polar moiety

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 4515-4520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Fix ◽  
Manfred Sieber ◽  
Michael Overs ◽  
Hans J. Schäfer ◽  
Hans-Joachim Galla
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Acid Methyl

scholarly journals Twist-Bend Nematogenic Supramolecular Dimers and Trimers Formed by Hydrogen Bonding

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Walker ◽  
Damian Pociecha ◽  
Alfonso Martinez-Felipe ◽  
John MD Storey ◽  
Ewa Gorecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Smectic C ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Nematic Phases ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Do So ◽  
Terminal Chain

A selection of novel non-symmetric supramolecular liquid crystal dimers and trimers formed by hydrogen-bonding have been prepared and their phase behaviour characterised by polarised optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and temperature-dependent Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. We mix the bent twist-bend nematogen 4-[6-(4’-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl) hexyloxy]-benzoic acid (CB6OBA) with a series of small stilbazole-based compounds 4-[(E)-2-(n-alkoxyphenyl)ethenyl]pyridines (nOS) of varying terminal chain length (n) to obtain the CB6OBA:nOS complexes. Complexes with n ≤ 7 exhibit nematic and twist-bend nematic behaviour, followed on cooling by a smectic C phase for n = 4–7, and finally, a hexatic-type smectic X phase for n = 3–7. Mixtures with n = 8–10 exhibit a smectic A phase below the conventional nematic phase, and on further cooling, a biaxial smectic Ab phase and the same hexatic-type SmX phase. Supramolecular trimers, CB6OBA:CB6OS and CB6OBA:1OB6OS, formed between CB6OBA and dimeric stilbazoles [(E)-2-(4-{[6-(4’-methoxy[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)hexyl]oxy}phenyl)ethenyl]pyridine (1OB6OS) or 4-[(E)-4’-(6-{4-[(E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethenyl]phenoxy}hexyl)[1,1’-biphenyl]-4- carbonitrile (CB6OS), exhibit nematic and twist-bend nematic phases, and are the first hydrogen-bonded trimers consisting of unlike donor and acceptor fragments to do so.

scholarly journals Homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction of metal ions with non-fluorinated bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate ionic liquids having a lower critical solution temperature in combination with water

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (75) ◽  
pp. 14183-14186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Depuydt ◽  
Liwang Liu ◽  
Christ Glorieux ◽  
Wim Dehaen ◽  
Koen Binnemans
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Critical Solution Temperature ◽  
Homogeneous Liquid ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate ionic liquids show a temperature-dependent phase behaviour of the LCST-type and can extract transition metal ions very efficiently via homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction.

scholarly journals Membrane-protein crystallizationin cubo: temperature-dependent phase behaviour of monoolein–detergent mixtures

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Sennoga ◽  
Andrew Heron ◽  
John M. Seddon ◽  
Richard H. Templer ◽  
Ben Hankamer
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Temperature Dependent

scholarly journals Re-entrant phase behaviour of network fluids: A patchy particle model with temperature-dependent valence

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 034501 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Russo ◽  
J. M. Tavares ◽  
P. I. C. Teixeira ◽  
M. M. Telo da Gama ◽  
F. Sciortino
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behaviour ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Patchy Particle

(111) Monocrystalline Nickel Films

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
T.E. Pratt ◽  
R.W. Vook
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Residual Pressure ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

(111) oriented thin monocrystalline Ni films have been prepared by vacuum evaporation and examined by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. In high vacuum, at room temperature, a layer of NaCl was first evaporated onto a freshly air-cleaved muscovite substrate clamped to a copper block with attached heater and thermocouple. Then, at various substrate temperatures, with other parameters held within a narrow range, Ni was evaporated from a tungsten filament. It had been shown previously that similar procedures would yield monocrystalline films of CU, Ag, and Au.For the films examined with respect to temperature dependent effects, typical deposition parameters were: Ni film thickness, 500-800 A; Ni deposition rate, 10 A/sec.; residual pressure, 10-6 torr; NaCl film thickness, 250 A; and NaCl deposition rate, 10 A/sec. Some additional evaporations involved higher deposition rates and lower film thicknesses.Monocrystalline films were obtained with substrate temperatures above 500° C. Below 450° C, the films were polycrystalline with a strong (111) preferred orientation.

A Comparison of Tem and Apfim to the Interpretation of Modulated Microstructures

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
M.G. Burke ◽  
M.K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Superlattice Reflection ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Probe Field

Interpretation of fine-scale microstructures containing high volume fractions of second phase is complex. In particular, microstructures developed through decomposition within low temperature miscibility gaps may be extremely fine. This paper compares the morphological interpretations of such complex microstructures by the high-resolution techniques of TEM and atom probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM).The Fe-25 at% Be alloy selected for this study was aged within the low temperature miscibility gap to form a <100> aligned two-phase microstructure. This triaxially modulated microstructure is composed of an Fe-rich ferrite phase and a B2-ordered Be-enriched phase. The microstructural characterization through conventional bright-field TEM is inadequate because of the many contributions to image contrast. The ordering reaction which accompanies spinodal decomposition in this alloy permits simplification of the image by the use of the centered dark field technique to image just one phase. A CDF image formed with a B2 superlattice reflection is shown in fig. 1. In this CDF micrograph, the the B2-ordered Be-enriched phase appears as bright regions in the darkly-imaging ferrite. By examining the specimen in a [001] orientation, the <100> nature of the modulations is evident.

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