Synchrotron X-ray tomographic quantification of microstructural evolution in ice cream – a multi-phase soft solid

Ice cream is a complex multi-phase structure and its perceived quality is closely related to the small size of ice crystals in the product. Understanding the quantitative coarsening behaviour of ice crystals will help manufacturers optimise ice cream formulations and processing. Using synchrotron X-ray tomography, we measured the time-dependent coarsening (Ostwald ripening) of ice crystals in ice cream during cooling at 0.05 °C/min. The results show ice crystal coarsening is highly temperature dependent, being rapid from ca. −6 to −12 °C but significantly slower at lower temperatures. We developed a numerical model, based on established coarsening theory, to calculate the relationship between crystal diameter, cooling rate and the weight fraction of sucrose in solution. The ice crystal diameters predicted by the model are found to agree well with the measured values if matrix diffusion is assumed to be slowed by a factor of 1.2 due to the presence of stabilizers or high molecular weight sugars in the ice cream formulation.

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Probing the microstructural evolution of polyviologen-silica hybrid nanopowders during intermediate processing using X-ray microtomography

Applied Physics A ◽

10.1007/s00339-006-3700-3 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 317-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. Gundogdu ◽

P.M. Jenneson ◽

U. Tuzun ◽

G.M. Gray ◽

J.N. Hay

Keyword(s):

Microstructural Evolution ◽

X Ray ◽

Silica Hybrid

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The study of time dependent, broadband X-ray emission from ultra-short pulse laser produced plasmas

10.1063/1.46939 ◽

1994 ◽

Author(s):

Ronnie Shepherd ◽

Rex Booth ◽

Dwight Price ◽

Rosemary Walling ◽

Richard More ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulse Laser ◽

Short Pulse ◽

Time Dependent ◽

X Ray ◽

Short Pulse Laser ◽

Ultra Short Pulse ◽

Ultra Short Pulse Laser

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Combined Bethe-Saltpeter equations and time-dependent density-functional theory approach for x-ray absorption calculations

Physical Review B ◽

10.1103/physrevb.71.165110 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 71 (16) ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

A. L. Ankudinov ◽

Y. Takimoto ◽

J. J. Rehr

Keyword(s):

Density Functional Theory ◽

Density Functional ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Functional Theory ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Absorption ◽

Dependent Density

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High-Temperature Oxidation Properties and Microstructural Evolution of Nanostructure Fe-Cr-Al ODS Alloys

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14030526 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 526

Author(s):

Zhengyuan Li ◽

Lijia Chen ◽

Haoyu Zhang ◽

Siyu Liu

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Oxide Layer ◽

Microstructural Evolution ◽

High Temperature Oxidation ◽

Oxide Dispersion Strengthened ◽

Al Alloy ◽

Temperature Oxidation ◽

X Ray ◽

Plasma Sintering ◽

Ods Alloys

The oxidation behavior and microstructural evolution of the nanostructure of Fe-Cr-Al oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering were investigated by high-temperature oxidation experiments in air at 1200 °C for 100 h. The formation of Al2O3 scale was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) line scans. The oxidation rate of Fe-Cr-Al ODS alloys is lower than that of conventional Fe-Cr-Al alloys, and the oxide layer formed on the Fe-Cr-Al alloy appeared loose and cracked, whereas the oxide layer formed on the Fe-Cr-Al ODS alloys was adherent and flat. This is due to the high density of dispersed nano-oxides hindering the diffusion of Al element and the formation of vacancies caused by them. In addition, the nano-oxides could also adhere to the oxide layer. Besides, the microstructure of the Fe-Cr-Al ODS alloy had excellent stability during high-temperature oxidation.

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Time-dependent X-ray polarization analysis for anisotropic distribution of hot electrons in ultrahigh intensity laser plasmas

High Energy Density Physics ◽

10.1016/j.hedp.2007.02.008 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 3 (1-2) ◽

pp. 131-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. Kai ◽

T. Kawamura ◽

Y. Inubushi ◽

H. Nishimura ◽

T. Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Dependent ◽

Hot Electrons ◽

Polarization Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Laser Plasmas ◽

Intensity Laser

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New method for time dependent x‐ray absorption studies

Review of Scientific Instruments ◽

10.1063/1.1140716 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 60 (7) ◽

pp. 2515-2518 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

R. Frahm

Keyword(s):

Time Dependent ◽

New Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Absorption Studies ◽

X Ray Absorption

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Time dependent density functional theory study of the near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure of benzene in gas phase and on metal surfaces

The Journal of Chemical Physics ◽

10.1063/1.2967190 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 129 (6) ◽

pp. 064705 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Frans A. Asmuruf ◽

Nicholas A. Besley

Keyword(s):

Density Functional Theory ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Density Functional ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Density Functional Theory Study ◽

Functional Theory ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Absorption ◽

Dependent Density

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Theoretical and experimental comparative studies of nonlinear optical properties for selected melaminium compounds

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/s11532-010-0094-z ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 1192-1202 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marek Drozd ◽

Mariusz Marchewka

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Nonlinear Optical ◽

Time Dependent ◽

X Ray ◽

Hartree Fock ◽

Optical Applications ◽

Experimental Values ◽

Nonlinear Optical Applications ◽

Theoretical Results

AbstractThe bis(melaminium) sulphate dihydrate, 2,4,6-triamine-1,3,5-triazin-1,3-ium tartrate monohydrate, 2,4,6-triamine-1,3,5-triazin-1-ium hydrogenphthalate, 2,4,6-triamine-1,3,5-triazin-1-ium acetate acetic acid solvate monohydrate, 2,4,6-triamine-1,3,5-triazin-1-ium bis(selenate) trihydrate, melaminium diperchlorate hydrate, melaminium bis(trichloroacetate) monohydrate and melaminium bis(4-hydroxybenzenesulphonate) dihydrate were discovered recently as perspective materials for nonlinear optical applications. On the basis of X-ray structures for eight melaminium compounds the time dependent Hartree Fock (TDHF) method was used for calculation of the polarizability, and first and second hyperpolarizability. Detailed directional studies of calculated hyperpolarizability for all investigated melaminium compounds are shown. The theoretical results are compared with experimental values of β.

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