Elucidating the role of key structural motifs in antifreeze glycoproteins

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3903-3917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Pandey ◽  
Sairam S. Mallajosyula
Keyword(s):  
Structural Alignment ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Antifreeze Glycoproteins ◽  
Structural Motifs ◽  
Antifreeze Glycoprotein ◽  
Ice Lattice

Plausible structural alignment of antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) relative to the ice lattice highlighting the role of both Ala and GalNAc methyl groups binding to the ice plane.

Oligonucleotides containing 7-deazaguanine: The role of 7- and 8-methyl groups during the B–Z transition of DNA

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (s1) ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
Frank Seela ◽  
Yaoming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Groups

Tetrahedral [Sb(AuMe)4]3− Occurring in Multimetallic Cluster Syntheses: About the Structure‐Directing Role of Methyl Groups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Dehnen ◽  
Fuxing Pan ◽  
Florian Weigend ◽  
Marcel Lukanowski
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Groups

scholarly journals Clustering RNA structural motifs in ribosomal RNAs using secondary structural alignment

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1307-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuncong Zhong ◽  
Shaojie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Alignment ◽  
Ribosomal Rnas ◽  
Structural Motifs ◽  
Rna Structural Motifs

scholarly journals The Effect of Attribute Alignability on Product Purchase: The Moderating Role of Product Familiarity and Self-Construal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yuwen Wen ◽  
Min Hou
Keyword(s):  
Structural Alignment ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Product Positioning ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Product Familiarity ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

Previous studies on the Structural Alignment Model suggest that people compare the alignable attributes and nonalignable attributes during the decision-making process and preference formation process. Alignable attributes are easier to process and more effective in clue extracting. Thus, it is believed that people rely more on alignable than nonalignable attributes when comparing alternatives. This article supposes that consumers’ product experience and personal characteristics also play a significant role in regulating consumers’ reliance on attribute alignability. The authors conducted three experiments to examine the moderating role of consumers’ product familiarity and self-construal in the impact of attribute alignability on consumer product purchase. The results show the following: (1) When making a purchase decision, consumers with a high level of product familiarity will rely more on nonalignable attributes, while those with a low level of product familiarity will rely more on alignable attributes. (2) The difference in consumer dependency on attribute alignability is driven by their perceived diagnosticity of attributes. (3) The dependency of consumers with different levels of familiarity on attribute alignability will be further influenced by consumers’ self-construal. Individuals with interdependent self-construal rely more on alignable attributes when unfamiliar with the product, while relying more on nonalignable attributes when familiar with the product. Individuals with independent self-construal, however, rely more on nonalignable attributes regardless of the degree of product familiarity. The conclusions of this paper can be used as references for enterprises to establish product positioning and communication strategies.

Synthesis of an Isotopically-labelled Antarctic Fish Antifreeze Glycoprotein Probe

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Wojnar ◽  
Clive W. Evans ◽  
Arthur L. DeVries ◽  
Margaret A. Brimble
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Exocrine Pancreas ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Antifreeze Glycoproteins ◽  
Threonine Residue ◽  
Antarctic Fishes ◽  
Antifreeze Glycoprotein ◽  
Acid Unit

Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are glycosylated polypeptides produced by Antarctic and Arctic fishes, which allow them to survive in seawater at sub-zero temperatures. An investigation into the postulated enteric uptake of AFGP synthesized in the exocrine pancreas of Antarctic fishes required a custom-prepared AFGP probe that incorporated seven isotopically-labelled Ala residues for detection by mass spectrometry. The AFGPs are composed of a repetitive three amino acid unit (Ala-Ala-Thr), in which the threonine residue is glycosylated with the disaccharide β-d-Gal-(1→3)-α-d-GalNAc. The synthesis of isotopically-labelled AFGP8 (1), as well as the optimized synthesis of the protected glycosylated amino acid building block 2, is reported.

scholarly journals The Ensemble of Conformations of Antifreeze Glycoproteins (AFGP8): A Study Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Cheenou Her ◽  
Yin Yeh ◽  
Viswanathan V. Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Native Structure ◽  
Antifreeze Glycoproteins ◽  
Structural Motifs ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

The primary sequence of antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) is highly degenerate, consisting of multiple repeats of the same tripeptide, Ala–Ala–Thr*, in which Thr* is a glycosylated threonine with the disaccharide beta-d-galactosyl-(1,3)-alpha-N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. AFGPs seem to function as intrinsically disordered proteins, presenting challenges in determining their native structure. In this work, a different approach was used to elucidate the three-dimensional structure of AFGP8 from the Arctic cod Boreogadus saida and the Antarctic notothenioid Trematomus borchgrevinki. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a non-native solvent, was used to make AFGP8 less dynamic in solution. Interestingly, DMSO induced a non-native structure, which could be determined via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The overall three-dimensional structures of the two AFGP8s from two different natural sources were different from a random coil ensemble, but their “compactness” was very similar, as deduced from NMR measurements. In addition to their similar compactness, the conserved motifs, Ala–Thr*–Pro–Ala and Ala–Thr*–Ala–Ala, present in both AFGP8s, seemed to have very similar three-dimensional structures, leading to a refined definition of local structural motifs. These local structural motifs allowed AFGPs to be considered functioning as effectors, making a transition from disordered to ordered upon binding to the ice surface. In addition, AFGPs could act as dynamic linkers, whereby a short segment folds into a structural motif, while the rest of the AFGPs could still be disordered, thus simultaneously interacting with bulk water molecules and the ice surface, preventing ice crystal growth.

Role of the Ring Methyl Groups in 2′,3′-Benzoabscisic Acid Analogues

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (17) ◽  
pp. 4995-5007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Wan ◽  
Qilin Hong ◽  
Xueqin Zhang ◽  
Yuejuan Zeng ◽  
Dongyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Groups

Structural Alignment in Comparison: No Difference Without Similarity

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedre Gentner ◽  
Arthur B. Markman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Structural Alignment ◽  
Comparison Process ◽  
Structured Representations ◽  
Single Difference

Theories of similarity generally agree that the similarity of a pair increases with its commonalities and decreases with its differences. Recent research suggests that this comparison process involves an alignment of structured representations yielding commonalities, differences related to the commonalities, and differences unrelated to the commonalities. One counterintuitive prediction of this view is that it should be easier to find the differences between pairs of similar items than to find the differences between pairs of dissimilar items. This prediction is particularly strong for differences that are related to the commonalities. We tested this prediction in two experiments in which subjects listed a single difference for each of a number of word pairs. The results are consistent with the predictions of structural alignment. In light of these findings, we discuss the potential role of structural alignment in other cognitive processes that involve comparisons.

The role of alkoxy radicals in the heterogeneous reaction of two structural isomers of dimethylsuccinic acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (38) ◽  
pp. 25309-25321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu Tung Cheng ◽  
Man Nin Chan ◽  
Kevin R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Structural Isomers ◽  
Alkoxy Radicals ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Bond Scission

The heterogeneous reaction of hydroxyl radicals with two isomers of dimethylsuccinic acid is used to explore how the location of branched methyl groups controls C–C bond scission and molecular weight growth reactions.

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