Hydrogen sulfide generation and emission in urban sanitary sewer in China: what factor plays the critical role?

Abstract Abstract. The paper is composed of two parts. The first part reviews the problem of infiltration of extraneous water in the sanitary sewer systems - its sources, causes and effects are discussed in detail. A systematic approach to the investigation of the problem to pinpoint the sources in an existing system is suggested and outlined. Alternative methods of flow measurements including some recently developed techniques, corrections and remedies of the problem are presented and discussed in detail. The second part deals with the problem in Halifax-Dartmouth area. Results of a number of infiltration studies in this area (some of them were carried out under author's direction) are presented and conclusions drawn.

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Estimating rainfall-induced inflow and infiltration in a sanitary sewer system based on water quality modelling: which parameter to use?

Environmental Science Water Research & Technology ◽

10.1039/c7ew00371d ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 385-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mingkai Zhang ◽

Yanchen Liu ◽

Qian Dong ◽

Yi Hong ◽

Xia Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Modelling ◽

Sewer System ◽

Sanitary Sewer ◽

Sewer Systems ◽

Management Issues

Rainfall-derived inflow and infiltration (RDII) of urban sanitary sewer systems poses serious challenges for public health and management issues.

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Elimination of Overflows and Bypasses in Separate Sanitary Sewer Systems

Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment ◽

10.1061/9780784407417.ch18 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 330-340

Author(s):

Mark Wade

Keyword(s):

Sanitary Sewer ◽

Sewer Systems

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Modeling air flow in sanitary sewer systems: A review

Journal of Hydro-environment Research ◽

10.1016/j.jher.2020.10.003 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu Qian ◽

Weiyun Shao ◽

David Z. Zhu ◽

Khaled A.A. Mohamad ◽

Peter M. Steffler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Flow ◽

Sanitary Sewer ◽

Sewer Systems

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Understanding the spatial formation and accumulation of fats, oils and grease deposits in the sewer collection system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.428 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (8) ◽

pp. 1830-1836 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Christopher Cyril Sandeep Dominic ◽

Megan Szakasits ◽

Lisa O. Dean ◽

Joel J. Ducoste

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Collection System ◽

Neutral Ph ◽

Sanitary Sewer ◽

Sewer Systems ◽

Oils And Grease

Sanitary sewer overflows are caused by the accumulation of insoluble calcium salts of fatty acids, which are formed by the reaction between fats, oils and grease (FOG) and calcium found in wastewaters. Different sewer structural configurations (i.e., manholes, pipes, wet wells), which vary spatially, along with other obstructions (roots intrusion) and pipe deformations (pipe sags), may influence the detrimental buildup of FOG deposits. The purpose of this study was to quantify the spatial variation in FOG deposit formation and accumulation in a pilot-scale sewer collection system. The pilot system contained straight pipes, manholes, roots intrusion, and a pipe sag. Calcium and oil were injected into the system and operated at alkaline (pH = 10) and neutral (pH = 7) pH conditions. Results showed that solid accumulations were slightly higher at neutral pH. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis on the solids samples confirmed that the solids were indeed calcium-based fatty acid salts. However, the fatty acid profiles of the solids deviated from the profile found from FOG deposits in sewer systems, which were primarily saturated fatty acids. These results confirm the work done previously by researchers and suggest an alternative fate of unsaturated fatty acids that does not lead to their incorporation in FOG deposits in full-scale sewer systems.

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Exfiltration in sanitary sewer systems in the US

Urban Water Journal ◽

10.1080/15730620410001732017 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 227-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ariamalar Selvakumar ◽

Richard Field ◽

Edward Burgess ◽

Robert Amick

Keyword(s):

Sanitary Sewer ◽

Sewer Systems ◽

The Us

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Hydrogen sulfide regulates cAMP homeostasis and renin degranulation in As4.1 and rat renin-rich kidney cells

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00341.2010 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 302 (1) ◽

pp. C59-C66 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ming Lu ◽

Yi-Hong Liu ◽

Chui Ying Ho ◽

Chi Xin Tiong ◽

Jin-Song Bian

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Adenylate Cyclase ◽

Protein Level ◽

Critical Role ◽

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Renin Release ◽

Intracellular Camp ◽

Kidney Cells ◽

Adrenoceptor Agonist

The present study aims to investigate the regulatory effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on cAMP homeostasis and renin degranulation in As4.1 and rat renin-rich kidney cells. It was found in the present study that NaHS at 0.1–10 μM significantly decreased cAMP production in As4.1 cells treated with isoproterenol (a β-adrenoceptor agonist), forskolin (an adenylyl cyclase activator), or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor). NaHS at 10 μM suppressed adenylate cyclase activity but stimulated phosphodiesterase activity. We continued to study whether H2S may mediate cAMP-dependent renin degranulaion in As4.1 cells. It was found that NaHS at 0.1–10 μM significantly increased intracellular renin protein level. Moreover, NaHS reversed the declined renin content within As4.1 cells and normalized the upregulated renin activity in the culture medium of As4.1 cells treated with the above three stimuli. RT-PCR showed that cystathionine-γ-lyase is the main enzyme to produce endogenous H2S in As4.1 cells. Overexpression of cystathionine-γ-lyase increased endogenous H2S production and suppressed isoproterenol-induced renin release, suggesting that endogenous H2S may also inhibit renin release from As4.1 cells. We also tested whether H2S has a similar effect in renin-rich kidney cells. It was found that isoproterenol elevated intracellular cAMP level and extracellular renin activity but decreased renin protein level in the renin-rich kidney cells. Pretreatment with NaHS abolished these effects. In conclusion, H2S regulates cAMP homeostasis via inhibition of adenylate cyclase and stimulation of phosphodiesterase. Our findings suggest that H2S plays a critical role in regulation of renin degranulation in As4.1 and rat renin-rich kidney cells.

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Vasorelaxant Effect of a New Hydrogen Sulfide-Nitric Oxide Conjugated Donor in Isolated Rat Aortic Rings through cGMP Pathway

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2016/7075682 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Dan Wu ◽

Qingxun Hu ◽

Fenfen Ma ◽

Yi Zhun Zhu

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Vascular Tone ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Critical Role ◽

Protein Kinase G ◽

Cgmp Level ◽

Vasorelaxant Effect ◽

Cgmp Pathway

Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant injury leads to a lot of cardiovascular diseases. Both hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) are gasotransmitters, which play a critical role in regulating vascular tone. However, the interaction between H2S and NO in vasorelaxation is still unclear. ZYZ-803 was a novel H2S and NO conjugated donor developed by H2S-releasing moiety (S-propyl-L-cysteine (SPRC)) and NO-releasing moiety (furoxan). ZYZ-803 could time- and dose-dependently relax the sustained contraction induced by PE in rat aortic rings, with potencies of 1.5- to 100-fold greater than that of furoxan and SPRC. Inhibition of the generations of H2S and NO with respective inhibitors abolished the vasorelaxant effect of ZYZ-803. ZYZ-803 increased cGMP level and the activity of vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) in aortic rings, and those effects could be suppressed by the inhibitory generation of H2S and NO. Both the inhibitor of protein kinase G (KT5823) and the inhibitor of KATPchannel (glibenclamide) suppressed the vasorelaxant effect of ZYZ-803. Our results demonstrated that H2S and NO generation from ZYZ-803 cooperatively regulated vascular tone through cGMP pathway, which indicated that ZYZ-803 had therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases.

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