Tertiary treatment of secondary effluent using ultrafiltration for wastewater reuse: correlating membrane fouling with rejection of effluent organic matter and hydrophobic pharmaceuticals

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangshu Qu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Junguo He ◽  
Gongduan Fan ◽  
Zhihui Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Effluent Organic Matter ◽  
Retention Efficiency

Permeability loss and the low retention efficiency of soluble organics significantly restrict the application of ultrafiltration (UF) for water reclamation.

scholarly journals A Step Forward to the Characterization of Secondary Effluents to Predict Membrane Fouling in a Subsequent Ultrafiltration

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1975
Author(s):  
Anderson Alejandro Benites-Zelaya ◽  
José Luis Soler-Cabezas ◽  
Eva Ferrer-Polonio ◽  
José Antonio Mendoza-Roca ◽  
María Cinta Vincent-Vela
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Membrane Technique ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Main Components

Nowadays, wastewater reuse in Mediterranean countries is necessary to cover the water demand. This contributes to the protection of the environment and encourages the circular economy. Due to increasingly strict regulation, the secondary effluent of a wastewater treatment plant requires further (tertiary) treatment to reach enough quality for its reuse in agriculture. Ultrafiltration is a membrane technique suitable for tertiary treatment. However, the most important drawback of ultrafiltration is membrane fouling. The aim of this work is to predict membrane fouling and ultrafiltered wastewater permeate quality for a particular membrane, using the information given by an exhaustive secondary effluent characterization. For this, ultrafiltration of real and simulated wastewaters and of their components after fractionation has been performed. In order to better characterize the secondary effluent, resin fractionation and further membrane ultrafiltration of the generated fractions and wastewater were performed. The results indicated that hydrophobic substances were lower than hydrophilic ones in the secondary effluent. Supelite DAX-8, Amberlite XAD-4 and Amberlite IRA-958 resins were found not to be specific for humic acids, proteins and carbohydrates, which are the main components of the effluent organic matter. Two models have been performed using statistics (partial least squares, PLS) and an artificial neural network (ANN), respectively. The results showed that the ANN model predicted permeate quality and membrane fouling with higher accuracy than PLS.

Impact of effluent organic matter on low-pressure membrane fouling in tertiary treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2633-2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ayache ◽  
M. Pidou ◽  
J.P. Croué ◽  
J. Labanowski ◽  
Y. Poussade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Effluent Organic Matter

scholarly journals Contribution of different effluent organic matter fractions to membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of treated domestic wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zheng ◽  
J. P. Croue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Effluent Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Pore Opening ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
Doc Load ◽  
Hydrophobic Acids

In the present work, effluent organic matter (EfOM) in treated domestic wastewater was separated into hydrophobic neutrals, colloids, hydrophobic acids, transphilic acids and neutrals and hydrophilic compounds. Their contribution to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was identified. Further characterization was conducted with respect to molecular size and hydrophobicity. Each isolated fraction was dosed into salt solution to identify its fouling potential in ultrafiltration (UF) using a hydrophilized polyethersulfone membrane. The results show that each kind of EfOM leads to irreversible fouling. At similar delivered DOC load to the membrane, colloids present the highest fouling effect in terms of both reversible and irreversible fouling. The hydrophobic organics show much lower reversibility than the biopolymers present. However, as they are of much smaller size than the membrane pore opening, they cannot lead to such severe fouling as biopolymers do. In all of the isolated fractions, hydrophilics show the lowest fouling potential. For either colloids or hydrophobic substances, increasing their content in feedwater leads to worse fouling. The co-effect between biopolymers and other EfOM fractions has also been identified as one of the mechanisms contributing to UF fouling in filtering EfOM-containing waters.

scholarly journals Pilot Studies and Cost Analysis of Hybrid Powdered Activated Carbon/Ceramic Microfiltration for Controlling Pharmaceutical Compounds and Organic Matter in Water Reclamation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui M. C. Viegas ◽  
Elsa Mesquita ◽  
Margarida Campinas ◽  
Maria João Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Water Reclamation

This paper addresses the enhanced removal of pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs), a family of contaminants of emerging concern, and effluent organic matter (EfOM) in water reclamation by powdered activated carbon/coagulation/ceramic microfiltration (PAC/cMF). Four chemically diverse PhCs are targeted: ibuprofen (IBP), carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and atenolol (ATN). Pilot assays (100 L/(m2 h), 10 mg Fe/L) run with PhC-spiked sand-filtered secondary effluent and 15 mg/L PAC dosed in-line or to a 15-min contactor. They showed no PAC-driven membrane fouling and +15 to +18% added removal with PAC contactor, reaching significant removals of CBZ and ATN (59%–60%), SMX (50%), colour (48%), A254 (35%) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC, 28%). Earlier long-term demo tests with the same pilot proved PAC/cMF to consistently produce highly clarified (monthly median < 0.1 NTU) and bacteria-free water, regardless of the severe variations in its intake. A detailed cost analysis points to total production costs of 0.21 €/m3 for 50,000 m3/day and 20 years membrane lifespan, mainly associated to equipment/membranes replacement, capital and reagents.

Evaluation of Treatment Schemes Appropriate for Wastewater Reuse in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Tertiary Treatment

The scope of this paper is the evaluation of wastewater reuse quality criteria and treatment specifications, appropriate to Greek conditions. The parameters that affect wastewater reuse criteria were taken into consideration, concerning among others reuse priorities, available treatment plants and effluent characteristics. The proposed wastewater reclamation criteria were verified by a series of lab-scale experiments, designed to study the feasibility and effectiveness of the following treatment schemes to produce treated wastewater suitable for reuse: a) disinfection of secondary effluent with UV radiation and chlorination and b) tertiary treatment and disinfection of wastewater with UV radiation and chlorination. The experimental data were analyzed using a stochastic statistical model that employs Monte Carlo simulation. The main scope of the stochastic approach was the regeneration of a greater set of data, based on the defined by the experimental information mathematical distribution of each parameter involved and the determination of relative probability distributions. Following this approach the standards proposed are realistic and feasible and in the case of restricted reuse can be readily achieved by the existing wastewater treatment plants in Greece. Even in the case of unrestricted reuse the additional treatment required can be achieved at a moderate cost, through upgrading of the existing plants with tertiary treatment.

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