scholarly journals Reaching for the pulse of the planet and its population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Domoney
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Nutrient Bioavailability ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Genetics And Genomics

Seeds provide humans and farm animals with a rich supply of dietary proteins, fibre, carbohydrates and micronutrients. Natural variation, mutagenesis and advances in genetics and genomics support the development of plant variants which provide better nutrient bioavailability, promote health in consumers and provide advantages to industry. As we consider the adoption of more healthy and sustainable plant-based diets, there is a renewed focus on legume crops which also provide benefits as an essential component of a sustainable agriculture. This article discusses significant compounds that are deposited in the seeds of a major legume crop, pea (Pisum sativum), and the possibilities for changing these using genetic variation.

scholarly journals Plant genetics and genomics for building a sustainable agriculture system

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 100208
Author(s):  
Dhirendra Kumar ◽  
Jaindra Nath Tripathi ◽  
Sushma Naithani
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Plant Genetics ◽  
Genetics And Genomics

Natural variation for Fe-efficiency is associated with upregulation of Strategy I mechanisms and enhanced citrate and ethylene synthesis in Pisum sativum L.

Planta ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 235 (6) ◽  
pp. 1409-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad H. Kabir ◽  
Nicholas G. Paltridge ◽  
Amanda J. Able ◽  
Jeffrey G. Paull ◽  
James C. R. Stangoulis
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Strategy I

Analysing genetic variation in farm animals.

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-192
Author(s):  
Geoff Simm ◽  
Geoff Pollott ◽  
Raphael Mrode ◽  
Ross Houston ◽  
Karen Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interactions ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Abstract In this chapter, topics focused on how to quantify the extent to which genes affect measured traits and how to use this information in breeding programmes. Highlights include: estimating heritability; estimating non-additive parameters, correlations, and genotype by environment interactions, molecular genetics and trait variations; and calculating inbreeding using SNP markers.

Genetic variation in the response of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to high soil concentrations of boron

1992 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bagheri ◽  
J. G. Paull ◽  
A. J. Rathjen ◽  
S. M. Ali ◽  
D. B. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
High Soil

scholarly journals Genetic architecture of natural variation in visual senescence in Drosophila

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (43) ◽  
pp. E6620-E6629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anna Carbone ◽  
Akihiko Yamamoto ◽  
Wen Huang ◽  
Rachel A. Lyman ◽  
Tess Brune Meadors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Age Dependent

Senescence, i.e., functional decline with age, is a major determinant of health span in a rapidly aging population, but the genetic basis of interindividual variation in senescence remains largely unknown. Visual decline and age-related eye disorders are common manifestations of senescence, but disentangling age-dependent visual decline in human populations is challenging due to inability to control genetic background and variation in histories of environmental exposures. We assessed the genetic basis of natural variation in visual senescence by measuring age-dependent decline in phototaxis using Drosophila melanogaster as a genetic model system. We quantified phototaxis at 1, 2, and 4 wk of age in the sequenced, inbred lines of the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and found an average decline in phototaxis with age. We observed significant genetic variation for phototaxis at each age and significant genetic variation in senescence of phototaxis that is only partly correlated with phototaxis. Genome-wide association analyses in the DGRP and a DGRP-derived outbred, advanced intercross population identified candidate genes and genetic networks associated with eye and nervous system development and function, including seven genes with human orthologs previously associated with eye diseases. Ninety percent of candidate genes were functionally validated with targeted RNAi-mediated suppression of gene expression. Absence of candidate genes previously implicated with longevity indicates physiological systems may undergo senescence independent of organismal life span. Furthermore, we show that genes that shape early developmental processes also contribute to senescence, demonstrating that senescence is part of a genetic continuum that acts throughout the life span.

Improvement of metric traits through specific genetic loci

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Smith
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Additive Genetic Variation ◽  
Metric Traits ◽  
Rate Of Improvement

Known genetic loci that affect metric traits may be useful in livestock improvement. Their value depends on the proportion (R) of the total additive genetic variation due to the known loci relative to the heritability of the trait concerned and on the form of selection practised. When normal selection is effective, further information on known loci can add only a little to the rate of improvement. But if normal selection is not very effective, as for characters of low heritability, or if indirect selection on relatives must be used (as for sex-limited or carcass traits) then known loci may add significantly to the rate of improvement possible.Sampling errors in the estimated effects and in the proportion (R) may cause selection effort to be misdirected and may even lead to losses rather than gains in improvement. Such errors are most likely to occur when the heritability of the character is low.Reports on several loci with large effects in the various farm species have been summarised, but the evidence is often inconsistent and contradictory. At present, there appear to be no loci that could be used with confidence in the improvement of economic traits in farm animals.

scholarly journals Genetic dissection of courtship song variation using the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Pischedda ◽  
Veronica A Cochrane ◽  
Wesley G Cochrane ◽  
Thomas L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Courtship Song ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Song Variation ◽  
Synthetic Population ◽  
Causal Allele

Connecting genetic variation to trait variation is a grand challenge in biology. Natural populations contain a vast reservoir of fascinating and potentially useful variation, but it is unclear if the causal alleles will generally have large enough effects for us to detect. Without knowing the effect sizes or allele frequency of typical variants, it is also unclear what methods will be most successful. Here, we use a multi-parent advanced intercross population (the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource) to map natural variation in Drosophila courtship song traits. Most additive genetic variation in this population can be explained by a modest number of highly resolved QTL. Mapped QTL are universally multiallelic, suggesting that individual genes are "hotspots" of natural variation due to a small target size for major mutations and/or filtering of variation by positive or negative selection. Using quantitative complementation in randomized genetic backgrounds, we provide evidence that one causal allele is harbored in the gene Fhos, making this one of the few genes associated with behavioral variation in any taxon.

scholarly journals Accelerating structure-function mapping using the ViVa webtool to mine natural variation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan O Hamm ◽  
Britney L Moss ◽  
Alexander R Leydon ◽  
Hardik P Gala ◽  
Amy Lanctot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Human Genetic Variation ◽  
Auxin Signaling Pathway ◽  
Accelerating Structure ◽  
Or Gene

Thousands of sequenced genomes are now publicly available capturing a significant amount of natural variation within plant species; yet, much of this data remains inaccessible to researchers without significant bioinformatics experience. Here, we present a webtool called ViVa (Visualizing Variation) which aims to empower any researcher to take advantage of the amazing genetic resource collected in the Arabidopsis thaliana 1001 Genomes Project (http://1001genomes.org). ViVa facilitates data mining on the gene, gene family or gene network level. To test the utility and accessibility of ViVa, we assembled a team with a range of expertise within biology and bioinformatics to analyze the natural variation within the well-studied nuclear auxin signaling pathway. Our analysis has provided further confirmation of existing knowledge and has also helped generate new hypotheses regarding this well studied pathway. These results highlight how natural variation could be used to generate and test hypotheses about less studied gene families and networks, especially when paired with biochemical and genetic characterization. ViVa is also readily extensible to databases of interspecific genetic variation in plants as well as other organisms, such as the 3,000 Rice Genomes Project (http://snp-seek.irri.org/) and human genetic variation (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/).

scholarly journals Studying the Source Material for Yellow Melilot Selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Nina Chukhlebova ◽  
Inna Donets ◽  
Anna Golub ◽  
Olga Mukhina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Digestible Protein

Creation of a system that ensures stable and complete feeding of farm animals is important for an effective development of animal husbandry in Stavropol Territory. Science established and practice confirmed that to organize healthy functioning of animals and their high productivity, it is necessary to have at least 105-110 g of digestible protein per feed unit. However, due to the current use of feed mainly consisting of cereals, there is a deficiency of protein, which is balanced by fodder grains. The lack of protein and its quality in feed has an extremely negative effect on the health of animals, reduces their productivity, impairs reproduction, disrupts metabolism and leads to overspending of feed, and, consequently, to an increase in the cost of livestock products. For the effective use of saline soils, which in the Stavropol Territory account for 24.8% of the total area, it is necessary to select field crops that give high yields of fodder rich in digestible protein, as well as to improve the structure of saline soils by enriching them with ecologically clean nitrogen that does not cause acidification. The legume crop of yellow melilot can become such a crop. Solving the problem of organic farming, it is necessary to expand the assortment of yellow melilot to create a solid fodder base, to use it as the best forecrop and break crop in grain crop rotations. Therefore, the study of some collection material of yellow melilot on leached black soils and the selection of promising samples is relevant for further selection work to create new varieties. A study of the seed material samples of yellow melilot from the VIR collection of different geographical origins was carried out according to the presence of hard seeds; samples with low and high content of them were established. The sowing qualities of yellow melilot collection samples were studied in laboratory conditions. The growth dynamics of the yellow melilot samples was studied, and decades of the maximum daily growth of yellow melilot were established. A high yield of yellow melilot samples in the first and second year of life was shown. The quantitative composition of main nutrients in the fodder mass of the yellow melilot samples of different geographical origins was established. For the conditions of the Stavropol Territory, it is necessary to select samples with economically valuable biological characteristics that can provide high rates of linear growth of green mass before the onset of summer drought.

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