scholarly journals Opportunities for early-career researchers to engage with science policy through the Biochemical Society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Education Funding ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion

Science policy can be broadly defined as a two-way dialogue between science-related sectors and government. It involves the exchange of scientific findings and opinions with policy makers to inform the decision-making process, as well as the scrutinization of legislation around science-related topics to ensure it is based on sound evidence. Science policy covers a variety of issues, including research, education, funding, ethics, public health and equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI).

scholarly journals The Psychological Puzzle: Contributing Factors to the Top-Down Politicization of Intelligence

Elements ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rational Decision Making

Policy and intelligence are intimately intertwined. Policymakers need intelligence to make decisions, while the intelligence community derives significance from its ability to provide policy makers with reliable information. In this symbiotic relationship, it is healthy for intelligence consumers to at times check and direct the work of intelligence producers. However, if undertaken maliciously, this checking mechanism manifests as top-down politicization. Here, leaders use intelligence post facto to legitimize their policies instead of using it to guide them, reversing the rational decision-making process. Certain factors may compel leaders to manipulate intelligence to reflect their policy preferences. This essay demonstrates how three distinct processes of top-down politicization can arise from ambiguous evidence, the psychology of intelligence consumers, and the nature of the leaders’ political positions and responsibilities. It then proceeds to argue that political leaders’ psychology is the most potent source of top-down politicization.

scholarly journals Careers in Virology: Public Health Opportunities for Early-Career Basic Scientists

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (14) ◽  
pp. 7700-7702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Kilianski
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Health Science ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Medical Reserve Corps ◽  
Health Careers

Undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral scientists trained as virologists can play critical roles in public health, such as in health science policy, epidemiology, and national defense. Despite a need for basic science backgrounds within these fields, finding entry-level careers can be challenging. Volunteer opportunities are a great way for scientists to experience public health careers while still in school, and this article describes volunteering with the Medical Reserve Corps and outlines unique postgraduate opportunities for early-career virologists.

scholarly journals PERCEPTION OF NURSES IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN PALLIATIVE CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH CANCER IN PUBLIC HEALTH CENTERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
Atsarina Fauzan ◽  
Sri Setiyarini ◽  
Christantie Effendy ◽  
Martina Sinta Kristanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Patients With Cancer

Background: Nurses have a key role in promoting patients’ involvement in decision-making process of palliative care to improve their dignity and satisfaction. However, there is a dearth of studies exploring this involvement, especially in public health centers in Indonesia.Objective: This study aimed to explore the perception of nurses in decision-making process and to understand what type of decision-making made by health care providers in palliative care.Methods: This was a descriptive explorative study with qualitative approach. Participants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview. Content analysis method by inductive approach was used for data analysis. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) was also used.Results: Eight themes emerged in this study, namely: (1) Collecting information about patients’ current physiological condition, (2) Creating alternative strategies according to the patients’ current physiological condition, (3) Establishing implementation type to be performed, (4) Providing information to the patients, (5) Discussing decision-making between patients and family, (6) Choosing/rejecting an action by patients,  (7) Performing selected actions, and (8) Evaluating action. Three points that are different from the existing theory were: (i) there was a discussion between patients and family, (ii) the absence of the process of collecting information after a patient rejects to act, and (iii) there were three types of decision-making: paternalistic, shared, and informed decision-making.Conclusion: This study serves as an input for nurses to pay more attention in decision-making process in palliative care in patients with cancer, and to encourage patients to give contribution in decision-making as part of shared decision-making.

scholarly journals A framework for communicating the utility of models when facing tough decisions in public health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Thompson ◽  
Roderick McClure ◽  
Nick Scott ◽  
Margaret Hellard ◽  
Romesh Abeysuriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Research Utilisation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Modeling ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Second Wave

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the discipline of public health, infectious disease, and policy modeling squarely into the spotlight. Never before have decisions regarding public health measures and their impacts been such a topic of international deliberation from the level of individuals and communities through to global leaders. And nor previously have models – developed at rapid pace and often in the absence of complete information - been so central to the decision-making process. However, after more than 18 months of experience with pandemic modeling, policy-makers need to be more confident about which models will be most helpful to support them when taking public health decisions. We combine the authors’ collective international experience of modelling for and with Governments and policy-makers with prior research utilisation scholarship to describe a framework to assist both modelers and policy-makers consider the utility of models that may be available to them when faced with difficult public health and policy decisions. To illustrate these principles, a set of three independent but complementary modeling case-studies undertaken at the same time in NSW, Australia during that state’s unfolding second wave of COVID-19 infections is presented.

scholarly journals A Methodological Approach for Evaluating Brownfield Redevelopment Projects

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cappai ◽  
Forgues ◽  
Glaus
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Brownfield Redevelopment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

In recent decades, municipalities around the world have been developing community policies and seeking to apply them in their cities. They use methods for exchanging information and opinions on decisions, policies, plans and strategies and involve and consult with the community and stakeholders in all aspects of the decision-making process. The application of methods for thoughtful planning has become the goal of policy makers to improve the lives of citizens and stop the expansion of the city into the countryside. The aim of this article is to integrate the notion of sustainability into a methodological approach, taking into account the actors involved in the decision-making phases, the objectives, and the local indicators in an urban redevelopment project (brownfield). Our approach is based on an analysis of 21 articles and on a transversal and cross-cutting view of the interdisciplinary themes of sustainable development by inserting the main actors into decision-making in urban projects and by selecting local indicators. We put in place a methodological approach for the evaluation of urban projects that takes into account local expectations. The goal is to identify and classify the elements that are needed for decision making, including the indicators related to environmental and socio-economic components, in order to develop an effective evaluation tool. This research contributes to the knowledge of project evaluation tools in the specific context of a city.

Is Additive Utility Function Always a Sufficient Method in the Project Prioritization Process? Bridge Management Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (10) ◽  
pp. 284-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Kalan ◽  
Abdullah Kurkcu ◽  
Kaan Ozbay
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Utility Theory ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Bridge Management ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Multi Attribute Utility Theory

The prioritization of maintenance activities in bridges has great importance in bridge asset management systems as they are mentioned in MAP-21. One of the most commonly used prioritization methodologies in bridge management systems is multi-attribute utility theory process. In this study, the problem is defined as using the additive functional form in this process without testing additive independence (AI) assumption, which is one of the properties of multi-attribute utility theory. This study aims to emphasize the strength of the use of multiplicative functional forms when the multiplicative form is proven to be more appropriate by AI assumption test. To demonstrate this vital point, mathematical expressions are derived for the feasible regions of indifference curves. Then, the optimum region for both additive and multiplicative approaches are calculated using these analytical expressions to demonstrate the difference between the two relation to maximizing utility. This comparison is aimed at preventing suboptimal decisions because of the use of the additive approach when the multiplicative approach is more representative of the actual decision-making process. The relevance of this claim is also demonstrated using a simple hypothetical scenario. Findings of the paper provide valuable insights to decision makers and policy makers about the importance of choosing the most appropriate functional form for utility functions employed in a prioritization. We hope that policy makers at state departments of transportation will use the comparative analysis of the effect of utility functions on the final project selection process presented in this paper as part of their routine decision-making process.

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