scholarly journals The relationship between acetyl content and sugar composition in expanding leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Sugar Composition ◽  
Acetyl Content ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Relationship

Samples of beech (Fagus sylvatica) leaves were taken from the time of leaf emergence until leaf fall. They were extracted with boiling aqueous ethanol and the residues analysed for their acetyl-group content and their content of sugars released by acid hydrolysis. The accumulation of acetyl groups closely paralled that of xylose, and the two were present in approximately equimolecular proportions, except during the period of leaf expansion, when the acetyl-group/xylose ratio exceeded 3:2. The galactose present in each leaf reached a maximum as leaf expansion ceased and then declined during the period of rapid xylose accumulation. The results are discussed in relation to the known association of acetyl groups with xylans and pectic substancesand to the disappearance of constituents during cell-wall maturation.

scholarly journals Phenology of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) along the altitudinal gradient in Slovakia (Inner Western Carpathians)

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Schieber ◽  
R. Janík ◽  
Z. Snopková
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Common Beech ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phenological Phases

The onset and course of selected vegetative phenological phases of beech along the altitudinal gradient in Slovak Republic were studied. Observations were done in the Burda Mts. (200–300 m a.s.l.), Kremnické vrchy Mts. (500 m a.s.l.) and in the Poľana Mts. (900–1,000 m a.s.l., 1,200–1,400 m a.s.l.). Selected spring phenological phases (budburst and leaf unfolding) as well as autumn phenological phases (autumn colouring and leaf fall) were investigated over the period of 5 years (2007–2011). The earliest onset of spring phenological phases during the period of study was found at the lowest-lying sites in the Burda Mts. By contrast, the latest one was observed at the uppermost site in the Poľana Mts. The dynamics of autumn phenological phases had the opposite course compared to spring phenophases. The earliest onset, observed in the uppermost locality in the Poľana Mts., was gradually delayed with decreasing altitude. The phenological gradient, expressing a shift in the onset of spring phenophases along the gradient, reached the mean values of 2.83–3.00 days per 100 m of an increase in altitude. In the case of autumn phenological phases the gradient ranged from –1.00 to –1.78 days per 100 m. On average, the growing season of beech lasted from 128 to 181 days along the altitudinal gradient. Significant correlations (P < 0.001) were calculated between the date of the onset of phenophases and altitude.   

scholarly journals Relationship between crown characteristics and the radial increment of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Świętokrzyski National Park (Poland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
R. Podlaski
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
National Park ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Świętokrzyski National Park ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Crown Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Light Part

The objectives of this study are to determine the relationship between crown characteristics and the radial increment of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and to specify the characteristics of beech trees with the radial increment above the average in the Świętokrzyski National Park. The following relationships have been found: the radial increment of beech increases as the degree of the freedom of the light part of the crown from neighbouring trees increases, and the increase in the relative crown length causes a significant increase in the radial increment. Most of the best growing beech trees are characterized by the light part of the crown confined in an area of up to about 55%, and the relative crown length spanning the range of 55% (trees 61 to 80 years of age at b.h.) to 76% (trees 21 to 40 years of age at b.h).

scholarly journals How Does Radial Growth of Water-Stressed Populations of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Trees Vary under Multiple Drought Events?

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Tamalika Chakraborty ◽  
Albert Reif ◽  
Andreas Matzarakis ◽  
Somidh Saha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neighborhood Competition

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees are becoming vulnerable to drought, with a warming climate. Existing studies disagree on how radial growth varies in European beech in response to droughts. We aimed to find the impact of multiple droughts on beech trees’ annual radial growth at their ecological drought limit created by soil water availability in the forest. Besides, we quantified the influence of competition and canopy openness on the mean basal area growth of beech trees. We carried out this study in five near-natural temperate forests in three localities of Germany and Switzerland. We quantified available soil water storage capacity (AWC) in plots laid in the transition zone from oak to beech dominated forests. The plots were classified as ‘dry’ (AWC < 60 mL) and ‘less-dry’ (AWC > 60 mL). We performed dendroecological analyses starting from 1951 in continuous and discontinuous series to study the influence of climatic drought (i.e., precipitation-potential evapotranspiration) on the radial growth of beech trees in dry and less-dry plots. We used observed values for this analysis and did not use interpolated values from interpolated historical records in this study. We selected six drought events to study the resistance, recovery, and resilience of beech trees to drought at a discontinuous level. The radial growth was significantly higher in less-dry plots than dry plots. The increase in drought had reduced tree growth. Frequent climatic drought events resulted in more significant correlations, hence, increased the dependency of tree growth on AWC. We showed that the recovery and resilience to climatic drought were higher in trees in less-dry plots than dry plots, but it was the opposite for resistance. The resistance, recovery, and resilience of the trees were heterogeneous between the events of drought. Mean growth of beech trees (basal area increment) were negatively impacted by neighborhood competition and positively influenced by canopy openness. We emphasized that beech trees growing on soil with low AWC are at higher risk of growth decline. We concluded that changes in soil water conditions even at the microsite level could influence beech trees’ growth in their drought limit under the changing climate. Along with drought, neighborhood competition and lack of light can also reduce beech trees’ growth. This study will enrich the state of knowledge about the ongoing debate on the vulnerability of beech trees to drought in Europe.

Short-term nitrogen dynamics are impacted by defoliation and drought in Fagus sylvatica L. branches

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Antoine Chuste ◽  
Catherine Massonnet ◽  
Dominique Gérant ◽  
Berndt Zeller ◽  
Joseph Levillain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

scholarly journals Palaeoecology as a Tool for the Future Management of Forest Ecosystems in Hesse (Central Germany): Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) versus Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Astrid Stobbe ◽  
Maren Gumnior
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Low Mountain Ranges ◽  
Intramontane Basins ◽  
Future Management

In the Central German Uplands, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies have been particularly affected by climate change. With the establishment of beech forests about 3000 years ago and pure spruce stands 500 years ago, they might be regarded as ‘neophytes’ in the Hessian forests. Palaeoecological investigations at wetland sites in the low mountain ranges and intramontane basins point to an asynchronous vegetation evolution in a comparatively small but heterogenous region. On the other hand, palynological data prove that sustainably managed woodlands with high proportions of Tilia have been persisting for several millennia, before the spread of beech took place as a result of a cooler and wetter climate and changes in land management. In view of increasingly warmer and drier conditions, Tilia cordata appears especially qualified to be an important silvicultural constituent of the future, not only due to its tolerance towards drought, but also its resistance to browsing, and the ability to reproduce vegetatively. Forest managers should be encouraged to actively promote the return to more stress-tolerant lime-dominated woodlands, similar to those that existed in the Subboreal chronozone.

scholarly journals Potential Elevation Shift of the European Beech Stands (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazar Pavlović ◽  
Dejan Stojanović ◽  
Emina Mladenović ◽  
Milena Lakićević ◽  
Saša Orlović
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L
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