scholarly journals Palaeoecology as a Tool for the Future Management of Forest Ecosystems in Hesse (Central Germany): Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) versus Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Astrid Stobbe ◽  
Maren Gumnior
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Low Mountain Ranges ◽  
Intramontane Basins ◽  
Future Management

In the Central German Uplands, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies have been particularly affected by climate change. With the establishment of beech forests about 3000 years ago and pure spruce stands 500 years ago, they might be regarded as ‘neophytes’ in the Hessian forests. Palaeoecological investigations at wetland sites in the low mountain ranges and intramontane basins point to an asynchronous vegetation evolution in a comparatively small but heterogenous region. On the other hand, palynological data prove that sustainably managed woodlands with high proportions of Tilia have been persisting for several millennia, before the spread of beech took place as a result of a cooler and wetter climate and changes in land management. In view of increasingly warmer and drier conditions, Tilia cordata appears especially qualified to be an important silvicultural constituent of the future, not only due to its tolerance towards drought, but also its resistance to browsing, and the ability to reproduce vegetatively. Forest managers should be encouraged to actively promote the return to more stress-tolerant lime-dominated woodlands, similar to those that existed in the Subboreal chronozone.

scholarly journals Effects of Meteorological and Site Parameters on the Health Status of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Forests in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Gergely Janik ◽  
Zoltán Pödör ◽  
András Koltay ◽  
Anikó Hirka ◽  
János Juhász ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Heavy Damage

The influence of meteorological parameters on the health status of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was analyzed using long term datasets (1989-2010) collected in 15 sample plots located in Hungary’s main beech regions. Leaf loss values were correlated with different meteorological parameters as explanatory variables. Analysis was performed by the CReMIT (Cyclic Reverse Moving Intervals Techniques) method. Weather, stand, and site parameters were also examined with PCA for comparison. Leaf loss levels showed stronger correlations with maximum monthly temperatures than with monthly precipitation sums. The monthly number of summer days and monthly number of hot days displayed a similar correlation to leaf loss as the maximum monthly temperature did. The correlations were regularly stronger and more frequent on more arid sites where the climate is less favorable for beech. Temperature affected leaf loss more than precipitation did. Our results show that beech forests may suffer heavy damage if climate change continues as projected.

scholarly journals The Influence of Regeneration Fellings on the Development of Artificially Regenerated Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Plantations

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-867
Author(s):  
Pavel Bednář ◽  
Jakub Černý
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Quality Development ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

This paper analyses the development of beech plantations aged 7 to 18 years that were planted in gap cuts (0.1–0.25 ha; ISF 50%), clear cuts (0.5–1.0 ha; ISF 87%) and finally underplanted areas in shelterwood cuts in mature spruce stands (G = 22–26 m2/ha; ISF 28%). The research consisted of the following analyses: height growth, diameter growth and beech quality development. We used standard statistical tools (p < 0.05) for evaluating height and diameter growth, which showed significant differences in both characteristics (total height and DBH) within 7-year-old and 13-year-old plantations grown in all three regeneration treatments. The tallest beech trees with greatest DBH at the age of 7 and 13 were found in clearings whereas shortest and thinnest trees grew in shelterwoods. However, at the age of 18, there was no significant different between gap cut and clear cut in both parameters. The best quality was observed in shelterwoods.

scholarly journals Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Hasstedt ◽  
Peter Annighöfer
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) is considered one of the most invasive tree species in central Europe and causes problems for both nature conservation and silviculture. Besides mechanical control treatments, a suggested control method to prevent its ongoing spread is to underplant shade-tolerant native tree species. Therefore, we combined two mechanical treatments, with underplanting of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) or small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) on fenced and unfenced plots. After the first growing season, survival rates were evaluated, and selected seedlings were destructively harvested to analyze their growth performance and leaf morphology in association with the different light regimes resulting from mechanical treatments Survival rates for both seedlings were very high (>95%). Survival rates were higher on fenced plots than on unfenced plots, most likely as result of browsing. The mortality of F. sylvatica decreased with increasing light availability on fenced plots. The mortality of T. cordata did not change along the light gradient. After one vegetation period no differences with respect to biomass allocation could be detected along the light gradient. However, the specific leaf areas of both species responded similarly, decreasing with increasing light availability. In summary, both species were able to establish and survive in the dense P. serotina understory and might have the potential to outcompete the invasive alien species in the long run.

scholarly journals Iterative Method of Discriminant Analysis to Classify Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Forest

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Alvaro Sánchez-Medina ◽  
Esperanza Ayuga-Téllez ◽  
Maria Angeles Grande-Ortiz ◽  
Concepción González-García ◽  
Antonio García-Abril
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

We present a new method for the classification of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest plots based on discriminant and frequency analysis. This method can be used as a tool to allow experts to stratify beech forests in a simple and precise way. The method is based on discriminant analysis with cross-validation of 13 variables measured in 142 plots from the 2005 Second National Forest Inventory and 63 plots from an inventory installed in specific locations together with a frequency analysis of the qualifying variables. In the first stage, the method uses the results of a frequency analysis fitted with an iterative discriminant analysis that allows improving the subsequent classifications taking into account the results of the analysis and the correctly- and wrong-classified plots. This method is applied to beech forest in Burgos (Spain) where six structural groups were described. The discriminant functions show that forest structure depends basically on diameter distribution and almost 94% of the plots are correctly classified using this methodology. The high level of correctly assigned plots indicates an accurate classification of structure that can be used to stratify beech forests with only the diameter at breast height measurement.

scholarly journals The Impact of Adverse Weather and Climate on the Width of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Tree Rings in Southeastern Europe

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Stjepanović ◽  
Bratislav Matović ◽  
Dejan Stojanović ◽  
Branislava Lalić ◽  
Tom Levanič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Impact

European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is the most important deciduous tree species in Europe. According to different climate scenarios, there is a relatively high probability of a massive decline in and loss of beech forests in southern Europe and in the southern part of central Europe. Thus, the authors of this study explored the dynamics of tree diameter increments and the influence of extremely dry years on the width of tree rings. This study used dendroecological methods to analyze the growth and diameter increments of European beech trees at locations in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska. The sampling was conducted along the vertical distribution of beech forests, at five sites at the lower limit of the distribution, at five optimal sites of the distribution, and at five sites at the upper limit of the distribution. Long-term analyses indicate that dry conditions during a growing season can reduce tree-ring width, but a reduction in tree growth can be expected as a result of more than one season of unfavorable conditions. Low temperatures in autumn and winter and prolonged winters can strongly affect upcoming vegetation and reduce tree development even under normal thermal conditions during a growing season.

Рекреационно-экологическая оценка ландшафтных парков на примере Макс-Ашманн-парка

2016 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Ольга Михайловна Бедарева ◽  
Александр Владимирович Матюха ◽  
Любовь Семёновна Мурачёва ◽  
Александр Иванович Юсов
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

В пределах Калининграда выделено пять ландшафтных парков, наиболее четко принцип ландшафтной организации просматривается в Макс-Ашманн-парке, который и послужил в качестве объекта исследования. Осуществлена инвентаризация зеленых насаждений парка: представлен видовой состав. Выявлены лесотаксационные характеристики популяций древесных насаждений: диаметр ствола, площадь проекции кроны, высота, возраст, виталитет. Всего на территории парка выделено 70 экз. деревьев, перешагнувших столетний рубеж и представляющих интерес в историческом плане, в основном это популяции Quercus robur L., Populus nigra L., Fagus sylvatica L., Tilia cordata Mill. При создании картографических произведений использованы ГИС-технологии, в частности, получены тематические карты масштаба 1:500: опорный план, карта ландшафтных рубок (с учетом возрастных деревьев, подлежащих сохранению), карта тематических зон (на основе экземпляров древесной растительности, представляющих историческое наследие), план открытых, закрытых и полуоткрытых пространств. Исследования базировались на концепции сохранения парка именно как ландшафтного, как некой модели лесных экосистем, характерных для Калининградской области. Выполнена рекреационно-экологическая оценка территорий ландшафтного парка. Представлены результаты картографирования объекта рекреации. В процессе картографирования отображено современное состояние растительного и почвенного покровов (дорожно-тропиночной сети); оценен рекреационный потенциал парка как объекта оздоровительного, спортивного и историко-познавательного назначения. Макс-Ашманн-парк был подразделен на ряд объектов разного качества. Основой для этого деления послужили природно-территориальные комплексы на уровне фаций, дающих представление об общих отличительных особенностях территории и позволяющих судить о степени их привлекательности как зон для организации отдыха. Таким образом, характерными особенностями представленных карт стали информационная насыщенность, комплексность, наглядность, полифункциональность.

scholarly journals Resilience of European beech forests (Fagus sylvatica L.) after fire in a global change context

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Maringer ◽  
Marco Conedera ◽  
Davide Ascoli ◽  
Dirk R. Schmatz ◽  
Thomas Wohlgemuth
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

The European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in Europe. Nonetheless, post-fire ecological processes in beech forests have only been marginally studied although they might become more important for forest management in the light of global climate change drought effects. Focusing on the Southern European Alps, where numerous forest fires have affected beech stands, we assessed temporal trends and detected factors that influence beech regeneration in beech forests burnt between 1970 and 2012. Beech regeneration was found to occur abundantly in fire sites of mixed burn severity, and often co-occurred with light-demanding pioneer trees (mostly Betula pendula Roth). These pioneers declined in abundance from 20 years post-fire onwards, whereas beech dominance increased. Beech regeneration density was best explained in regression models by the canopy of remnant trees and the abundance of competing ground vegetation. As fire-injured beech trees slowly die back, the canopy gradually opens, favouring beech recruitment for as long as decades, depending on the light conditions. In contrast, dense layers of early post-fire colonisers may delay beech regeneration for many years. Generally, single fire events favour beech regeneration except in areas where the burn severity is extraordinarily high.

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