scholarly journals Effect of caspase cleavage-site phosphorylation on proteolysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 372 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
József TÖZSÉR ◽  
Péter BAGOSSI ◽  
Gábor ZAHUCZKY ◽  
Suzanne I. SPECHT ◽  
Eva MAJEROVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Potential Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Caspase Cleavage ◽  
Protein Substrates ◽  
Caspase Cleavage Site

Caspases are important mediators of apoptotic cell death. Several cellular protein substrates of caspases contain potential phosphorylation site(s) at the cleavage-site region, and some of these sites have been verified to be phosphorylated. Since phosphorylation may affect substantially the substrate susceptibility towards proteolysis, phosphorylated, non-phosphorylated and substituted oligopeptides representing such cleavage sites were studied as substrates of apoptotic caspases 3, 7 and 8. Peptides containing phosphorylated serine residues at P4 and P1′ positions were found to be substantially less susceptible towards proteolysis as compared with the serine-containing analogues, while phosphoserine at P3 did not have a substantial effect. P1 serine as well as P1-phosphorylated, serine-containing analogues of an oligopeptide representing the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage site of caspase-3 were not hydrolysed by any of these enzymes, whereas the P1 aspartate-containing peptides were efficiently hydrolysed. These findings were interpreted with the aid of molecular modelling. Our results suggest that cleavage-site phosphorylation in certain positions could be disadvantageous or detrimental with respect to cleavability by caspases. Cleavage-site phosphorylation may therefore provide a regulatory mechanism to protect substrates from caspase-mediated degradation.

scholarly journals Identification of a novel caspase cleavage site in huntingtin that regulates mutant huntingtin clearance

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 3190-3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale D. O. Martin ◽  
Mandi E. Schmidt ◽  
Yen T. Nguyen ◽  
Nikola Lazic ◽  
Michael R. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Mutant Huntingtin ◽  
Caspase Cleavage ◽  
Caspase Cleavage Site

Detection of caspase cleavage site of citokeratin (CK) 18: A new tool to quantify hepatocellular apoptosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
G. Ballardini ◽  
S. Ghetti ◽  
A. Grassi ◽  
F. Lari ◽  
D. Zauli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Caspase Cleavage ◽  
Caspase Cleavage Site ◽  
Hepatocellular Apoptosis

scholarly journals Identification of a novel caspase cleavage site in huntingtin that regulates mutant huntingtin clearance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D.O. Martin ◽  
M. E. Schmidt ◽  
Y. T. Nguyen ◽  
N. Lazic ◽  
M. R. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Mutant Huntingtin ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Caspase Cleavage ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Caspase Cleavage Site ◽  
Caspase 6

ABSTRACTHuntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that initially affects the striatum leading to changes in behavior and loss of motor coordination. It is caused by an expansion in the polyglutamine repeat at the N-terminus of huntingtin (HTT) that leads to aggregation of mutant HTT. The loss of wildtype function, in combination with the toxic gain of function mutation, initiates various cell death pathways. Wildtype and mutant HTT are regulated by different post-translational modifications that can positively or negatively regulate their function or toxicity. In particular, we have previously shown that caspase cleavage of mutant HTT at amino acid position aspartate 586 (D586) by caspase-6 is critical for the pathogenesis of the disease in an HD mouse model. Herein, we describe the identification of a new caspase cleavage site at position D572 that is mediated by caspase-1. Inhibition of caspase-1 also inhibits cleavage at D586 through inhibition of caspase-6. Inhibition of caspase cleavage at D572 significantly decreases mutant HTT aggregation and significantly increased the turnover of soluble mutant HTT. This suggests that caspase-1 may be a viable target to inhibit caspase cleavage of mutant HTT at both D572 and D586 to promote mutant HTT clearance.

The role of the N-terminal caspase cleavage site in the nucleoprotein of influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Lipatov ◽  
H.-L. Yen ◽  
R. Salomon ◽  
H. Ozaki ◽  
E. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Caspase Cleavage ◽  
Caspase Cleavage Site

scholarly journals Human Rhinovirus 2A Proteinase Cleavage Sites in Eukaryotic Initiation Factors (eIF) 4GI and eIF4GII Are Different

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 5026-5029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Gradi ◽  
Yuri V. Svitkin ◽  
Wolfgang Sommergruber ◽  
Hiroaki Imataka ◽  
Shigenobu Morino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Rna Translation ◽  
Initiation Factors ◽  
Eukaryotic Initiation Factors ◽  
Host Cellular Protein

ABSTRACT Several picornaviruses shut down host cellular protein synthesis by proteolytic cleavage of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4GI and eIF4GII isoforms. Viral RNA translation is maintained by a cap-independent mechanism. Here, we identify the human rhinovirus 2 2Apro cleavage site in eIF4GII in vitro as PLLNV699*GSR; this sequence lies seven amino acids C-terminal to the cleavage site previously identified in eIF4GI (LSTR681*GPP).

scholarly journals Rescue of Infectious Recombinant Hazara Nairovirus from cDNA Reveals the Nucleocapsid Protein DQVD Caspase Cleavage Motif Performs an Essential Role other than Cleavage

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fuller ◽  
R. A. Surtees ◽  
G. S. Slack ◽  
J. Mankouri ◽  
R. Hewson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Reverse Genetic ◽  
Caspase Cleavage ◽  
Caspase Cleavage Site

ABSTRACT The Nairoviridae family of the Bunyavirales order comprises tick-borne, trisegmented, negative-strand RNA viruses, with several members being associated with serious or fatal diseases in humans and animals. A notable member is Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is the most widely distributed tick-borne pathogen and is associated with devastating human disease, with case fatality rates averaging 30%. Hazara virus (HAZV) is closely related to CCHFV, sharing the same serogroup and many structural, biochemical, and cellular properties. To improve understanding of HAZV and nairovirus multiplication cycles, we developed, for the first time, a rescue system permitting efficient recovery of infectious HAZV from cDNA. This system now allows reverse genetic analysis of nairoviruses without the need for high-level biosafety containment, as is required for CCHFV. We used this system to test the importance of a DQVD caspase cleavage site exposed on the apex of the HAZV nucleocapsid protein arm domain that is cleaved during HAZV infection, for which the equivalent DEVD sequence was recently shown to be important for CCHFV growth in tick but not mammalian cells. Infectious HAZV bearing an uncleavable DQVE sequence was rescued and exhibited growth parameters equivalent to those of wild-type virus in both mammalian and tick cells, showing this site was dispensable for virus multiplication. In contrast, substitution of the DQVD motif with the similarly uncleavable AQVA sequence could not be rescued despite repeated efforts. Together, these results highlight the importance of this caspase cleavage site in the HAZV life cycle but reveal the DQVD sequence performs a critical role aside from caspase cleavage. IMPORTANCE HAZV is classified within the Nairoviridae family with CCHFV, which is one of the most lethal human pathogens in existence, requiring the highest biosafety level (BSL) containment (BSL4). In contrast, HAZV is not associated with human disease and thus can be studied using less-restrictive BSL2 protocols. Here, we report a system that is able to rescue HAZV from cDNAs, thus permitting reverse genetic interrogation of the HAZV replication cycle. We used this system to examine the role of a caspase cleavage site, DQVD, within the HAZV nucleocapsid protein that is also conserved in CCHFV. By engineering mutant viruses, we showed caspase cleavage at this site was not required for productive infection and this sequence performs a critical role in the virus life cycle aside from caspase cleavage. This system will accelerate nairovirus research due to its efficiency and utility under amenable BSL2 protocols.

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