scholarly journals Inhibition of biliary cholesterol and phospholipid secretion during cyclobutyrol-induced hydrocholeresis

1989 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Monte ◽  
F Cava ◽  
A Esteller ◽  
R Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Biliary Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Secretion ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Membrane Enzymes ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats ◽  
Bile Acid Secretion

The effects of sodium cyclobutyrate, a synthetic hydrocholeretic drug, on biliary lipid secretion and on the biliary outputs of several plasma-membrane enzymes were investigated in anaesthetized rats. Administration of a single oral dose of cyclobutyrol (0.72 mmol/kg body wt.) reduced biliary concentration and output of cholesterol and phospholipid. However, bile acid secretion was not significantly modified. This uncoupling effect of lipid secretion remained even when the choleretic response to the drug had ceased. It additionally led to a statistically significant decrease in the cholesterol/bile acid and phospholipid/bile acid molar ratios and in the lithogenic index of the bile. The biliary outputs of the plasma-membrane enzymes alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase were markedly reduced by the drug. When cyclobutyrol was administered to rats which had been previously fed with a high-cholesterol diet, the effects of cyclobutyrol persisted, but were less marked. Our results demonstrate that the bile acid-independent choleresis induced by cyclobutyrol (related to its pharmacokinetic effect) is accompanied by a pharmacodynamic action that selectively reduces the secretion of biliary lipids. This is due to an uncoupling of the secretion of cholesterol and phospholipids from that of bile acids. Possible explanations for the biliary response to cyclobutyrol are discussed.

Bile Lipid Secretion in Obese and Non-Obese Individuals with and without Gallstones

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Reuben ◽  
P. N. Maton ◽  
G. M. Murphy ◽  
R. H. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Biliary Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Lipid Secretion ◽  
Biliary Cholesterol Secretion ◽  
Cholesterol Secretion ◽  
Bile Acid Secretion ◽  
Secretion Rates

1. Biliary lipid secretion rates were measured in non-obese and obese individuals with and without cholesterol gallstones, using a steady-state, amino acid duodenal perfusion method. In addition, biliary lipid secretion rates were measured in five obese gallstone patients receiving high-dose chenodeoxycholic acid therapy (16-22 mg day−1 kg−1). 2. Bile acid secretion rates in the non-obese patients with cholesterol gallstones (563+sem 70 μmol/h, n = 6) were significantly lower than in the non-obese controls (1078 + 210 μmol/h, n = 10, P < 0.05), whereas cholesterol secretion rates were similar in the non-obese individuals with and without gallstones (51+7 and 42+4 μmol/h respectively). 3. In the obese, both with and without gallstones, the major abnormality was hypersecretion of cholesterol (107+7 μmol/h, n = 7, and 81 + 15 μmol/h, n = 7, respectively). Both these values were significantly greater than those in the non-obese controls (P < 0.01-0.02). 4. Biliary cholesterol secretion rates correlated significantly with bile acid secretion rates but, for every mole of bile acid secreted, the obese secreted more cholesterol than the non-obese. 5. Chenodeoxycholic acid treatment lowered biliary cholesterol saturation in obese gallstone patients by reducing biliary cholesterol secretion. 6. These results suggest that there are two major types of defect in biliary lipid secretion in gallstone patients: reduced biliary bile acid secretion in non-obese gallstone patients and excessive biliary cholesterol secretion in the obese.

Differing effects of norcholate and cholate on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion in the rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (1) ◽  
pp. G67-G71
Author(s):  
E. R. O'Maille ◽  
S. V. Kozmary ◽  
A. F. Hofmann ◽  
D. Gurantz
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Critical Micellar Concentration ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Lipid Secretion ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Cholesterol Secretion ◽  
Bile Acid Secretion

The effects of norcholate (a C23 bile acid that differs from cholate in having a side chain containing four rather than five carbon atoms) on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion were compared with those of cholate, using the anesthetized rat with a bile fistula. Norcholate and cholate were infused intravenously over the range of 0.6-6.0 mumol X min-1 X kg-1. Both bile acids were quantitatively secreted into bile; norcholate was secreted predominantly in unconjugated form in contrast to cholate, which was secreted predominantly as its taurine or glycine conjugates. The increase in bile flow per unit increase in bile acid secretion induced by norcholate infusion [17 +/- 3.2 (SD) microliters/mumol, n = 8] was much greater than that induced by cholate infusion (8.6 +/- 0.9 microliters/mumol, n = 9) (P less than 0.001). Both bile acids induced phospholipid and cholesterol secretion. For an increase in bile acid secretion (above control values) of 1 mumol X min-1 X kg-1, the increases in phospholipid secretion [0.052 +/- 0.024 (SD) mumol X min-1 X kg-1, n = 9] and cholesterol secretion (0.0071 +/- 0.0033 mumol X min-1 X kg-1, n = 9) induced by norcholate infusion were much less than those induced by cholate infusion (0.197 +/- 0.05 mumol X min-1 X kg-1, n = 9, and 0.024 +/- 0.011 mumol X min-1 X kg-1, n = 9, respectively; P less than 0.001 for both phospholipid and cholesterol). The strikingly different effects of norcholate on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion were attributed mainly to its possessing a considerably higher critical micellar concentration than cholate.

Tu-W23:7 Effect of high cholesterol diet on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in A-IM and A-I transgenic mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
C. Parolini ◽  
S. Caligari ◽  
D. Gilio ◽  
M. Montagnani ◽  
E.M. Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol

Effect of primary bile acids on bile lipid secretion from perfused dog liver

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
NE Hoffman ◽  
DE Donald ◽  
AF Hosmann
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Hepatic Extraction ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Lipid Secretion ◽  
Cholesterol Secretion ◽  
Dog Liver ◽  
Bile Acid Secretion

An isolated canine liver perfusion technique featuring a second dog as the pump oxygenator was used to compare biliary lipid secretion during randomized, steady-state perfusions at two different rates of cholyl taurine or chenodeoxycholyl taurine infusions. The hepatic extraction of the trihydroxy-conjugated bile acid was considerably greater than that of the dihydroxy conjugate, possibly explained by ultrafiltration experiments which indicated that cholyl taurine was less protein bound than chenodeoxycholyl taurine. Both bile acids induced phospholipid and cholesterol secretion that was linearly proportional to bile acid secretion. However, each mole of secreted chenodeoxycholyl taurine induced a greater relative secretion of phospholipid and cholesterol than did that of cholyl taurine. Thus in the canine liver, the two primary bile acids are extracted at different rates and induce biliary secretion of different relative lipid composition.

scholarly journals Effects of saponins on bile acids and plasma lipids in the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Oakenfull ◽  
Dorothy E. Fenwick ◽  
R. L. Hood ◽  
D. L. Topping ◽  
R. L. Illman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Neutral Sterols ◽  
Low Cholesterol ◽  
Bile Acid Secretion

1. The effects of feeding isolated saponins on plasma lipid concentrations and on concentrations of biliary and faecal bile acids and neutral sterols were studied in the rat.2. The animals were given one of four diets, i.e. a standard low-cholesterol synthetic diet, the diet+10 g saponins/kg, the diet+10 g cholesterol/kg, the diet+10 g cholesterol+10 g saponins/kg.3. Saponins partially reversed the hypercholesterolaemia caused by the high-cholesterol diet and increased both the rate of bile acid secretion and the faecal excretion of bile acids and neutral sterols. The proportionate contribution of the primary bile acids (particularly chenodeoxycholic) to faecal excretion was also increased by saponins.4. The results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that saponins act by inducing the adsorption of bile acids by dietary fibre.

Soybean germ oil reduces blood cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol absorption and enhancing bile acid excretion

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1836-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyue Zhu ◽  
Jingnan Chen ◽  
Zouyan He ◽  
Wangjun Hao ◽  
Jianhui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Bile Acid Excretion

Soybean germ oil is beneficial in management of hypercholesterolemia in hamsters fed a high cholesterol diet.

Dietary fenugreek seed regresses preestablished cholesterol gallstones in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 684-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L.R. Reddy ◽  
K. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Induction Period ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Biliary Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds

An animal study was carried out to evaluate the influence of dietary fenugreek seeds on regression of preestablished cholesterol gallstones (CGS). CGS was induced by feeding a high-cholesterol diet for 10 weeks. After CGS induction, the animals were maintained for a further 10 weeks on experimental diets of high cholesterol, 6% fenugreek powder, 12% fenugreek powder, or basal control. Incidence of CGS and its severity were evaluated at the end of this feeding regimen. The incidence of CGS was significantly lowered as a result of dietary fenugreek seeds, the extent of regression being 61% and 64% in the low and high dose groups compared with 10% regression in the basal control group. The antilithogenic influence of dietary fenugreek was accompanied by significant reductions of more than 35% in serum cholesterol concentration. Hepatic cholesterol concentration was also profoundly lowered by dietary fenugreek, being 53%–63% lower than that of the basal control diet. Biliary cholesterol concentration was significantly lower as a result of dietary fenugreek during the post-CGS induction period, resulting in a decreased cholesterol:phospholipid ratio (0.44 and 0.40 compared with 0.79 in the basal control group). Biliary cholesterol : bile acid ratio was lowered by 67% and 73% upon feeding fenugreek, significantly lower than that in the basal control group. The cholesterol saturation index in the bile was also beneficially lowered by fenugreek treatment during the post-CGS induction period (the index was 0.90 and 0.42 compared with 1.86 in the basal control group). The present study provides evidence of the potency of hypolipidemic fenugreek seeds in regressing preestablished CGS, and this beneficial antilithogenic effect is attributable to its primary influence on cholesterol levels. This finding is significant in the context of evolving a dietary strategy to address CGS, which could help in preventing the incidence and regression of existing CGS and controlling possible recurrence.

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