Exercise Tolerance Breathing a Low Density Gas Mixture, 35% Oxygen and Air in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Raimondi ◽  
R. H. T. Edwards ◽  
D. M. Denison ◽  
D. G. Leaver ◽  
R. G. Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Load ◽  
Gas Mixtures ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis ◽  
Helium Mixture ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow

1. We have examined the effects of (a) reducing the density of the inspired gas and of (b) increasing inspired oxygen concentration on the exercise performance of eight men with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB). 2. Each subject performed two types of exercise test breathing three different gas mixtures: air, 35% oxygen in nitrogen and 21% oxygen in helium. The exercise capacity, ventilation and heart rate were recorded. Indices of pulmonary mechanics were measured to determine where and how any change in ventilatory capacity might have been achieved. 3. (a) Effort tolerance at a constant load (70% capacity breathing air) was greater when the inspired gas mixture was 35% oxygen in nitrogen than when air or 21% oxygen in helium was breathed. (b) Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was greater when the helium mixture was breathed, but the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and maximum expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (MEF50%) were the same as when breathing air. Effort tolerance was the same breathing the helium mixture and air in both the progressive and constant load tests. (c) PEF, FEV and MEF50% were greater immediately after than before exercise on all gas mixtures. 4. It is concluded that a reduction in the density of the inspired gas does not improve effort tolerance in patients with COB. Possible reasons for this lack of benefit are discussed.

scholarly journals Maximal mid-expiratory flow detects early lung disease in α1-antitrypsin deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1602055 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Stockley ◽  
Asem M. Ismail ◽  
Siân M. Hughes ◽  
Ross Edgar ◽  
Robert A. Stockley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Pathological studies suggest that loss of small airways precedes airflow obstruction and emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Not all α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) patients develop COPD, and measures of small airways function might be able to detect those at risk.Maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), ratio of FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), health status, presence of emphysema (computed tomography (CT) densitometry) and subsequent decline in FEV1 were assessed in 196 AATD patients.FEV1/FVC, FEV1 % predicted and lung densitometry related to MMEF % pred (r2=0.778, p<0.0001; r2=0.787, p<0.0001; r2=0.594, p<0.0001, respectively) in a curvilinear fashion. Patients could be divided into those with normal FEV1/FVC and MMEF (group 1), normal FEV1/FVC and reduced MMEF (group 2) and those with spirometrically defined COPD (group 3). Patients in group 2 had worse health status than group 1 (median total St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) 23.15 (interquartile range (IQR) 7.09–39.63) versus 9.67 (IQR 1.83–22.35); p=0.006) and had a greater subsequent decline in FEV1 (median change in FEV1 −1.09% pred per year (IQR −1.91–0.04% pred per year) versus −0.04% pred per year (IQR −0.67–0.03% pred per year); p=0.007).A reduction in MMEF is an early feature of lung disease in AATD and is associated with impaired health status and a faster decline in FEV1.

scholarly journals Evidence of Allergic Reactions and Cardiopulmonary Impairments among Traders Operating from Foodstuff Warehouses

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Ibeneme ◽  
Viola Egbosionu ◽  
Georgian Ibeneme ◽  
Amarachi Ezuma ◽  
Theresa Ettu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Large Airways ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters

Background.Foodstuff traders operating from warehouses (FTFW) are potentially exposed to dangerous rodenticides/pesticides that may have adverse effects on cardiopulmonary function.Methods.Fifty consenting male foodstuff traders, comprising 15 traders (21–63 years) operating outside warehouses and 35 FTFW (20–64 years), were randomly recruited at Ogbete Market, Enugu, in a cross-sectional observational study of spirometric and electrocardiographic parameters. Seventeen FTFW (21–57 years) participated in focus group discussions. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed thematically and with independentt-test and Pearson correlation coefficient atp<0.05, respectively.Results.Most FTFW experienced respiratory symptoms, especially dry cough (97.1%) and wheezing (31.4%) with significant reductions in forced vital capacity (FVC) (t=-2.654;p=0.011), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (t=-2.240;p=0.030), maximum expiratory flow rate (FEF200–1200) (t=-1.148;p=-0.047), and forced end-expiratory flow (FEF75–85) (t=-1.11;p=0.007). The maximum mid-expiratory flow (FEF25–75) was marginally decreased (p>0.05) with a significantly prolonged (p<0.05) QTc interval.Conclusion.Allergic response was evident in the FTFW. Significant decrease in FVC may negatively impact lung flow rates and explains the marginal decrease inFEF25–75, which implies a relative limitation in airflow of peripheral/distal airways and elastic recoil of the lungs. This is consistent with obstructive pulmonary disease; a significant decrease inFEF75–85/FEV1supports this conclusion. Significant decrease inFEF200–1200indicates abnormalities in the large airways/larynx just as significantly prolonged ventricular repolarization suggests cardiac arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Influence of the breathing methods of the heated oxygen-helium mixture on the indicators of variability of the heart rhythm and functions of external respiration in military servers with chronic obstructive

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 374-378
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Bobkina ◽  
M. V. Lyadov ◽  
M. Yu. Gerasimenko
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis ◽  
Helium Mixture ◽  
Hf Wave

The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of using heated oxygen-helium mixture in the medical rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. Material and methods. The study included 68 patients aged 32 to 56 years (43.7 4.1 years). The first group (n = 33) contained of practically healthy volunteers and the second group (n = 35) of patients with a verified diagnosis: chronic obstructive bronchitis, moderate to moderate degree of obstruction, the duration of the disease ranged from 2 to 16 years (5.4 1.4). In both groups, heated oxygen-helium mixture was used (the temperature of the mixture in the mask was 50С). Patients of the second group 30 minutes before inhalation of the heated oxygen-helium mixture used short or long-acting bronchodilators. The study was carried out before the start of therapy, after 5, 10 procedures. Estimated indicators of heart rate variability and respiratory function. Results and conclusion. The use of heated oxygen-helium mixture allowed to increase the activity of the parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system and reduce the tone of the sympathetic department, normalize the functioning of the bodys regulatory systems. The research data showed an increase in SDNN, RMSSD, a decrease in LF/HF wave power, and a decrease in the centralization index. After the 5th breathing procedure of the heated oxygen-helium mixture, the second group showed an increase in external respiration function by an average of 16%, and after a full course, by 20%, which indicates an improvement in pulmonary ventilation and a decrease in the degree of obstructive disorders. The use of heated oxygen-helium mixture is a promising method that does not give complications, can reduce the severity of obstructive syndrome, helps to restore the bodys adaptive systems, and can be used as one of the methods in the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis.

scholarly journals The use of heated oxygen-helium mixture in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Bobkina ◽  
Maxim V. Lyadov ◽  
Marina Y. Gerasimenko ◽  
Irina V. Zhitareva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis ◽  
Helium Mixture

BACKGROUND: In recent years, along with the development of new pharmacological approaches and treatment COLD (chronic obstructive lung disease), a significant attention is paid to the study of non-medical methods of treatment and correction of the system inflammation occurring. AIMS: To assess the effectiveness of the use of heated oxygen-helium mixture (OHM) in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis on an outpatient polyclinic stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The supervision was 102 patients aged from 32 to 56 (43.74.1) years. All patients entered into research signed voluntary informed consent. Patients were divided into three groups: the first group (n=32) is the control; the second group (n=35) is the main one. Patients of these groups had a verified diagnosis: chronic obstructive bronchitis, moderate and moderate degree of obstruction, the duration of the disease amounted to 2 years to 16 (5.41.4) years. The third group (n=35) is practically healthy patients. The patients of the second and third group passed the respiratory course of heated OHM (the temperature of the mixture in the mask 50). Breathing was carried out in cyclical-fractionated mode: the breath of the mixture 5 minutes then breathing with atmospheric air 5 minutes (one cycle), 3 cycles for the procedure. The course of treatment consisted of 1 procedure per day for 10 days from the first day of the study. The clinical efficacy of reducing treatment was assessed before the start of therapy, after the 10th procedure in the following indicators: Harvard step test index, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (heart rate), blood pressure recovery time, maximum oxygen consumption (MOC); diagnosis of psycho-emotional state using WBAM Questionnaire (well-beingactivitymood). RESULTS: In the group of practically healthy patients, a positive dynamics was noted in the speed of adaptive processes for the restoration of the cardiovascular system after physical exertion of the form of a decrease in blood pressure reduction time, a decrease in systolic blood pressure, the indicators of the Harvard step test index and maximum oxygen consumption increased. Patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, who passed the breathing rate of heated oxygen-helium mixture, had an increase in points on WBAM Questionnaire, which indicates the improvement of the psycho-emotional state of patients. CONCLUSION: The use of the course of breathing heated oxygen-helium mixture in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis does not affect the increase in physical performance. The use of heated oxygen-helium mixture has a positive effect on the functional state of practically healthy patients, which is manifested in the form of slowing the connection of the anaerobic mechanisms of energy supply in the process of performing physical exertion, leading to an increase in oxygen consumption, improving physical performance.

EVALUATION OF MIST TENT THERAPY IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS USING MAXIMUM EXPIRATORY FLOW VOLUME CURVE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
E. K. Motoyama ◽  
L. E. Gibson ◽  
C. J. Zigas
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Ventilatory Function ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Lower Airway Obstruction

The effect of home mist tent therapy in cystic fibrosis was reexamined using the measurement of maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves, forced expiratory volume (FEV1), and vital capacity (VC) in 16 patients every 2 weeks during a period of 4 to 5 months. In half of the patients the studies were made during an initial period of 8 to 12 weeks off and then a similar period on nocturnal mist tent therapy; in the other half the test conditions were reversed. No evidence of improvement in ventilatory function was found in these patients during the use of a mist tent; instead there was a small but significant decline in their ventilatory function. Home visits were made and bacterial contamination of mist tent equipment was noted in more than two-thirds of the tents in spite of careful cleaning instructions to the parents. The MEFV curve was found to be a simple yet sensitive test of evaluating lower airway obstruction in cystic fibrosis.

PULMONARY MECHANICS IN ASTHMA AND CYSTIC FIBROSIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Alois Zapletal ◽  
Etsuro K. Motoyama ◽  
Lewis E. Gibson ◽  
Arend Bouhuys
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow Rates

Maximum expiratory flow rates on flow-volume curves are often decreased below normal limits in children with asthma or cystic fibrosis who are clinically well and whose standard spirometric tests are within normal limits. In particular, maximum flow rates at small lung volumes (25% of vital capacity) are decreased. Maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves provide a sensitive and quantitative assessment of small airway obstruction in these and other obstructive lung conditions.

Changes in lung mechanics during asthma induced by exercise

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 974-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Freedman ◽  
A. E. Tattersfield ◽  
N. B. Pride
Keyword(s):  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Expiratory Flow Limitation ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Bronchodilator Treatment

Pulmonary and airway mechanics were assessed in seven asthmatic patients in remission, when asthma was induced by exercise and again after spontaneous recovery or bronchodilator treatment. After exercise there was a sustained fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1.0) in all patients, varying from 30 to 80 percent of the initial value. Total lung capacity (TLC) increased significantly in four of the seven patients. In one of the four patients the increase in TLC was associated with an increase in static transpulmonary pressure at full inflation but in the remaining three patients it was associated with a parallel shift of the pressure-volume curve of the lung without change in its slope. In all patients residual volume increased, regardless of change in TLC; both pressure-volume and maximum expiratory flow-volume curves suggested that widespread airway closure (or virtual closure) occurred at positive transpulmonary pressures when asthma was induced. Loss of lung recoli pressure sometimes contributed to the reduction in maximum expiratory flow but diffuse airway narrowing was probably the dominant abnormality. When air-flow obstruction became more severe the ratio of expiratory to inspiratory time was increased and although expiratory flow limitation was present excessive expiratory pressures were not generated.

scholarly journals The Effects of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting (RIF) on Spirometric Data of Stable COPD Patients: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajer Zouari ◽  
Imed Latiri ◽  
Mohamed Mahjoub ◽  
Mohamed Boussarsar ◽  
Mohamed Benzarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Expiratory Flow

No previous study has raised the effects of RIF on lung function data of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of RIF on spirometric data measured in male patients with a stable COPD. Sixteen patients with stable COPD (mean ± SD of age: 64 ± 7 years) who fasted during Ramadan volunteered to the study. Three sessions (Before-R, End-R, and After-R) were selected for spirometry tests that were consistently performed 2.5–4.5 hr before fasting break. Assessment sessions comprised: forced vital capacity (FVC), 1st s forced expiratory volume (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), and forced expiratory flow rate at the x% of FVC to be exhaled (FEFx%). A reversibility test was performed only during the Before-Ramadan session. Spirometric data were expressed in percentages of local reference values. Findings were analyzed by applying repeated measures analysis of variance. The mean ± SD of the postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio and the FEV1 were, respectively, 0.52 ± 0.14 and 48 ± 19%. The mean ± SD of FEV1 (Before-R: 47 ± 19, End-R: 45 ± 18, After-R: 44 ± 19%), FVC (Before-R: 73 ± 18, End-R: 71 ± 16, After-R: 69 ± 17%), FEV1/FVC (Before-R: 67 ± 16, End-R: 66 ± 16, After-R: 65 ± 16%), PEF (Before-R: 46 ± 19, End-R: 47 ± 22, After-R: 45 ± 21%), MMEF (Before-R: 19 ± 10, End-R: 18 ± 8, After-R: 18 ± 9%), FEF25% (Before-R: 16 ± 6, End-R: 16 ± 5, After-R: 15 ± 5%), FEF50% (Before-R: 21 ± 14, End-R: 20 ± 12, After-R: 20 ± 12%) and FEF75% (Before-R: 27 ± 19, End-R: 27 ± 19, After-R: 27 ± 19%) were not significantly influenced by RIF. RIF did not bring about any significant changes in the spirometric data of stable COPD male patients fasting the 2016 holy month of Ramadan.

Pulmonary function severity in relation to interleukin-23 levels in patients with psoriasis vulgaris

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasann Saranya ◽  
Saranya Kuppusamy ◽  
Pravati Pal ◽  
Munisamy Malathi ◽  
Medha Rajappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Interleukin 23

AbstractBackgroundInterleukin-23 (IL-23), a key inflammatory regulator in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, is suspected to play a role in the onset of pulmonary dysfunction (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) in psoriasis. Despite that, pulmonary function tests are rarely studied in these subjects. This study aims to seek a possible relation between pulmonary function in psoriasis patients serum IL-23.MethodsFor this analytical cross-sectional study, male psoriasis patients in the age group of 25–45 years were recruited from dermatology out patient department (n = 40). Age and BMI matched apparently healthy individuals were recruited as control group (n = 40). After obtaining demographic and personal details, anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were recorded. The severity of psoriasis was assessed using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score. Pulmonary function was assessed using computerized spirometry, and serum IL-23 was measured using ELISA.ResultsForced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak expiratory flow rate, and forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF25%–75%) were significantly reduced in psoriasis. Based on the percentage of predicted values FEF25%–75% was significantly reduced in psoriasis. Serum IL-23 (pg/mL) was significantly higher in psoriasis. The increase in IL-23 in psoriasis subjects does not correlate with their pulmonary function.ConclusionsPsoriasis may be associated with a reduced lung function even when the disease is in the mild stage. Increased IL-23 found in these subjects is suggestive of systemic inflammation, which indirectly lowers lung function.

Maximum expiratory flow-volume studies on monkeys exposed to bituminous coal dust

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Moorman ◽  
T. R. Lewis ◽  
W. D. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Peripheral Airway ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis ◽  
Coal Workers ◽  
Low Prevalence

To assess early ventilatory responses at the 2 mg/m3 bituminous coal dust standard, 23 cynomolgus monkeys were exposed by inhalation to Pennsylvania and Utah coal dust. Ten controls were utilized. Pennsylvania coal was selected from a field having a high prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis while the Utah coal was selected from a low prevalence area. After 24 mo of exposure, a pattern of pulmonary impairment consistent with peripheral airway obstruction was demonstrated. Reductions were observed in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s, maximum midexpiratory flow rate, and especially maximum expiratory flow at small lung volumes. Hyperinflation (RV/TLC) was observed in both coal treatments; however, no specific lung volumes differed significantly from controls. No differences were found between the Pennsylvania and Utah treatments. Design and specifications for a new hydraulically operated plethysmograph-respirator are included.

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