The Effects of Therapeutic Decrease in Packed Cell Volume on the Responses to Exercise of Patients with Polycythaemia Secondary to Lung Disease

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. W. Harrison ◽  
Jane Davis ◽  
R. G. Madgwick ◽  
Marion Evans ◽  
F. J. Prime
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Arterial Lactate ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pyruvate Ratio

1. Progressive exercise and circulatory studies are reported on a selected group of patients with hypoxaemia and secondary polycythaemia before and after therapeutic decrease of packed cell volume. 2. A significant increase in exercise tolerance was demonstrated in a group of seven patients who claimed subjective benefit from the treatment. 3. No important circulatory changes were detected at rest after treatment. 4. During steady exercise mean pulmonary artery pressure at any given cardiac out-put was lower after treatment suggesting a fall in pulmonary vascular resistance. 5. During steady exercise oxygen consumption was increased in five of six patients subjectively improved by the treatment but no consistent changes in arterial lactate concentration or lactate/pyruvate ratio were observed.

scholarly journals Prolonged static stretching causes acute, nonmetabolic fatigue and impairs exercise tolerance during severe-intensity cycling

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 902-910
Author(s):  
Alessandro L. Colosio ◽  
Massimo Teso ◽  
Silvia Pogliaghi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Severe Intensity

We tested the hypothesis that static stretching, an acute, nonmetabolic fatiguing intervention, reduces exercise tolerance by increasing muscle activation and affecting muscle bioenergetics during cycling in the “severe” intensity domain. Ten active men (age, 24 ± 2 years; body mass, 74 ± 11 kg; height, 176 ± 8 cm) participated in identical constant-load cycling tests of equal intensity, of which 2 tests were carried out under control conditions and 2 were done after stretching. This resulted in a 5% reduction of maximal isokinetic sprinting power output. We measured (i) oxygen consumption, (ii) electromyography, (iii) deoxyhemoglobin, (iv) blood lactate concentration; (v) time to exhaustion, and (vi) perception of effort. Finally, oxygen consumption and deoxyhemoglobin kinetics were determined. Force reduction following stretching was accompanied by augmented muscle excitation at a given workload (p = 0.025) and a significant reduction in time to exhaustion (p = 0.002). The time to peak oxygen consumption was reduced by stretching (p = 0.034), suggesting an influence of the increased muscle excitation on the oxygen consumption kinetics. Moreover, stretching was associated with a mismatch between O2 delivery and utilization during the isokinetic exercise, increased perception of effort, and blood lactate concentration; these observations are all consistent with an increased contribution of the glycolytic energy system to sustain the same absolute intensity. These results suggest a link between exercise intolerance and the decreased ability to produce force. Novelty We provided the first characterization of the effects of prolonged stretching on the metabolic response during severe cycling. Stretching reduced maximal force and augmented muscle activation, which in turn increased the metabolic response to sustain exercise.

scholarly journals Effect of Halothane and Enflurane Anaesthesia on the Level of Reduced Glutathione in Human Red Blood Cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Agar ◽  
G. B. H. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Enflurane Anaesthesia ◽  
Before And After

No significant changes were found in packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red cell glutathione levels in patients before and after anaesthesia with halothane or enflurane. These results, though unable to explain the mechanism, support the earlier suggestion that glutathione plays little, if any, role in protecting liver against toxic effects of these anaesthetic agents or their metabolites.

scholarly journals BLOOD PROFILES OF GREEN SEA TURTLE BEFORE AND AFTER THE REHABILITATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-939
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Windia Adnyana ◽  
Ida Bagus Nararya Primastana Adnyana ◽  
Siswanto Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Turtle Conservation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration

Penyu adalah satwa yang terancam punah, sehingga upaya konservasinya perlu ditingkatkan. Kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan konservasi dimaksud adalah rehabilitasi penyu pascamengalami periode out of the water sebelum dilepasliarkan kembali ke alam bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan profil dan indeks eritrosit penyu hijau (Chelonia mydas) sebelum dan sesudah mengalami rehabilitasi di Turtle Conservation and Education Center (TCEC) di Pulau Serangan, Denpasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel Sembilan ekor penyu hijau hasil sitaan Polisi Sektor Kuta, Badung, Bali. Sebanyak 2,5 mL darah perifer penyu hijau diambil dari sinus cervicalis dorsalis disimpan di tabung berisikan antikoagulan litium heparin dan dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan hematologi. Penentuan nilai total eritrosit dihitung dengan hemositometer. Kadar hemoglobin (Hb) diukur menggunakan Hemoglobinometer Sahli, sedangkan kadar Packed Cell Volume (PCV) ditentukan dengan metode mikrohematokrit. Indeks eritrosit yang meliputi Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) dan Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) dihitung dengan rumus konvensional yang ditentukan untuk itu. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan uji T berpasangan. Nilai profil darah (Packed Cell Volume, total eritrosit, Hemoglobin) mengalami peningkatan signifikan pasca rehabilitasi dengan nilai rerata hematokrit sebelum rehabilitasi sebesar 28,4±3,09 menjadi 31,7±2,87, nilai total eritrosit sebelum rehabilitasi sebesar 0,44±0,10 menjadi 0,56±0,15, nilai Hemoglobin sebelum rehabilitasi sebesar 6,3±1,28 menjadi 7,53±0,73 serta hasil perhitungan secara statistika dengan uji T-berpasangan menunjukkan profil darah penyu hijau sebelum dan sesudah rehabilitasi memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan yang berarti proses rehabilitas yang dilakukan di Turtle Conservation and Education Center, Serangan berhasil.

Non-invasive Measurement of Cardiac Output and Ventricular Ejection Fractions in Chronic Cardiac Failure: Relationship to Impaired Exercise Tolerance

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. Steele ◽  
ANN Moore ◽  
Anne-Marie Nugent ◽  
Marshall S. Riley ◽  
Norman P. S. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Chronic Cardiac Failure ◽  
And Control

1. The role of cardiac output limitation in the pathophysiology of exercise in patients with chronic failure remains undefined. During steady-state submaximal exercise, oxygen uptake is similar in patients and control subjects, but it is not known if cardiac output is also similar. We wished to determine if the reduced exercise tolerance of patients with chronic cardiac failure during such exercise is related to reduced cardiac output, or to peripheral factors. 2. Ten male patients with stable chronic failure and ten age-matched male normal controls were studied at rest and during exercise. Each subject performed a familiarization exercise test, a symptom-limited maximal exercise test and two submaximal exercise tests. Cardiac output was measured by a carbon dioxide rebreathing method. We also measured oxygen consumption, ventilation, Borg score of perceived exertion and venous lactate concentration, and ejection fractions. 3. As expected, patients had lower peak oxygen consumption [median (range) 1.18 (0.98–1.76) versus 1.935 (1.53–2.31) 1/min; P < 0.001], lower peak venous lactate concentration but a similar overall level of perceived exertion. At the same submaximal workload, patients and control subjects had similar oxygen consumption [0.67 (0.59–0.80) versus 0.62 (0.52–0.82) 1/min] and cardiac output [6.92 (5.79–9.76) versus 7.3 (5.99–10.38) 1/min] but the patients had a greater perceived level of exertion [Borg score: 4 (1–6) versus 3 (1–5); P < 0.005], higher venous lactate concentration [1.6 (1–3.3) versus 1.14 (0.7–1.7) mmol/l; P < 0.05] and higher heart rate [106 (89–135) versus 87 (69–112) beats/min;P < 0.005]. 4. During submaximal exercise at a similar absolute workload, patients with cardiac failure have a similar oxygen uptake and cardiac output but greater anaerobiosis and increased fatigue when compared with normal subjects. These findings appear to relate predominantly to changes that occur in the periphery rather than abnormalities of central cardiac function.

scholarly journals Profil Darah dan Nilai Hematologi Domba Lokal yang Dipelihara di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat Sukabumi

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
D.A. Astuti ◽  
D.R. Ekastuti ◽  
Y. Sugiarti ◽  
Marwah Marwah
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Haematological Values ◽  
Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Blood profil and hematological status of local sheep under the gunung walat education forest area SukabumiABSTRACT. Gunung Walat Education Forest (HPGW) is one of special forest which integrated with farm system (Agrosilvopastural). This forest is heterogeneous which dominated with agathis, damar and pinus trees. To support the farming system is needed basic data haematology and blood profil of sheep that lived in HPGW. This research was aimed to evaluate haematological values covering Red Blood Cell, haemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume, MCV, MCH, MCHC and blood nutrient profil of lambs and ewes fed with mixed grass which is grow surrounding HPGW. Evaluation were done on 5 productive ewes and 5 male lambs 5-6 month ages, before and after eating time. The result showed that RBC of the lamb was (7.57 0.40) x 106/mm3 and for ewes was (5.71 0.05) x 106/mm3. Hb of lamb was (7.21 0.27) g/100ml and for ewes was (6.62 0.54) g/100ml, PCV of lamb was (28.10 7.21) % and ewes was (26.80 3.42) %, MCV of lamb was (32.68 1,23) fl and ewes was (50.91 1.53) fl, MCH of lamb was (10.82 0.47) pg and ewes was (12.93 0.29) pg, MCHC of lamb was (27,53 4.70)% and for ewes was (25.54 1.57) %. There were no significant difference on haematological values before and after feeding time except for Packed Cell Volume (P 0.05). The clinical result showed that lambs was suffering normocytic hypochromic anaemia and adults was suffering macrocytic hypochromic anaemia. Glucose level and total blood protein were at normal level while blood triglyseride concentration was lower than normal ewes concentration. 

scholarly journals An investigation of the effects of intravenous administration of thiomolybdate on copper metabolism in chronic Cu-poisoned sheep

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Gooneratne ◽  
J. McC. Howell ◽  
J. M. Gawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Copper Poisoning

1. Fourteen sheep were dosed repeatedly with a solution of copper sulphate (2 g/l) in order to induce chronic copper poisoning and four similar undosed animals acted as controls.2. Thiomolybdate (TM) was intravenously administered to all control sheep and to all except two of the test sheep. A variety of biochemical factors were studied before and after injections of TM.3. The direct-reacting Cu, whole-blood Cu and plasma Cu concentrations were elevated in animals given TM injections and at the ‘haemolytic crisis’ of untreated chronic Cu-poisoned animals. But most of the increased Cu observed on injecting TM was insoluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and did not enter erythrocytes. The results indicate that uptake of Cu by erythrocytes is essential for haemolysis to occur and that for this to happen the Cu must be in a direct reacting, TCA-soluble form.4. Increased amounts of Cu were excreted in the urine at haemolysis and at the commencement of TM injections. High levels of direct-reacting Cu were found in plasma at these times.5. Marked changes were not found in caeruloplasmin activity, packed cell volume or the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes except at haemolysis. TM injections did not alter these factors in any of the sheep studied.

Effects of catecholamines on lactic acid output during progressive working contractions

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1809-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Stainsby ◽  
C. Sumners ◽  
P. D. Eitzman
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Arterial Lactate ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Arterial Plasma

Epinephrine and norepinephrine together (E + NE) and epinephrine (E) alone were infused intravenously in stepwise increasing doses during progressive isotonic tetanic contractions. The goal was to mimic, for in situ dog skeletal muscle, the concentrations of these catecholamines in the blood and the contractions during progressive exercise. The concentrations of lactate and O2 in arterial and muscle venous blood, the arterial plasma concentration of E and NE, PO2 in arterial and muscle venous blood, and the venous outflow were measured. The infusions caused a rise in plasma E and NE like those seen in progressive exercise. Compared with no-infusion controls, the E + NE infusions and the E alone infusion resulted in significant increases in maximal lactic acid output by the muscles during the contractions from 0.24 mumol X g-1 X min-1 in the controls to 0.44 and 0.54 mumol X g-1 X min-1 during E + NE and E alone infusions, respectively. The venous O2 concentrations and partial pressures were not reduced by the infusions. Both infusions resulted in a rise of arterial lactate concentration that could not be accounted for by the lactic acid output of the contracting muscles. The E alone infusions were associated with a rise in maximal O2 uptake during the contractions. Since the effects of the E + NE and E alone infusions were similar, it was suggested that E is more active than NE. It was suggested that E also increased lactic acid production in tissues other than the working muscles.

Liquid ventilation: cardiovascular adjustments with secondary hyperlactatemia and acidosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lowe ◽  
R. F. Tuma ◽  
E. M. Sivieri ◽  
T. H. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Radioactive Microspheres ◽  
Liquid Ventilation ◽  
Arterial Lactate ◽  
Breathing Control ◽  
Pyruvate Ratio

Cardiovascular adjustments during liquid ventilation were investigated in seven cats. Cardiac output (CO) and regional blood flow were measured with radioactive microspheres during both spontaneous air breathing (control) and ventilation with fluorocarbon liquid, FC-80. CO was found to decrease 48% (P less than 0.05) during liquid breathing as compared to control. This decrease largely reflected a reduced stroke volume. Despite the decreased CO, mean arterial pressure remained unchanged, indicating a 48% increase (P less than 0.002) in total peripheral resistance (TPR). Secondary to the reduced CO and increased TPR, extensive redistribution of blood flow occurred during liquid ventilation. The arterial lactate concentration and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio (L/P) were significantly increased (P less than 0.02). Furthermore, the increase in L/P correlated with the decrease in CO (r = 0.70; P less than 0.01). In turn, the significant decrease in pH during liquid breathing was found to correlate with the increase in L/P (r = 0.85; P less than 0.001). These data clearly demonstrate signficant alterations in cardiovascular dynamics during liquid ventilation with secondary hyperlactatemia and acidosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document