Clinical and Haemodynamic Study of Atenolol (Tenormin) in Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 525s-526s
Author(s):  
H. Æ. Jensen ◽  
K. Rasmussen ◽  
N. Mosbæk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Daily Range ◽  
Haemodynamic Study

1. The β1-adrenoreceptor-blocking agent atenolol was studied in the treatment of twelve out-patients with essential hypertension. 2. With a mean dose of 110 mg of atenolol daily (range 75–200 mg/day) we observed a pronounced decrease in blood pressure. 3. Only minimal side effects were seen. 4. Cardiac output decreased from 4·6 to 3·4 l/min during treatment. This decrease did not correlate with the decrease in blood pressure but correlated well with the changes in calculated total peripheral resistance.

Hemodynamic Effects of "San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang" in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Chan Chen ◽  
Ming-Tsuen Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Cardiac Contractile ◽  
The Ancient Chinese

The ancient Chinese formula of "San-Huang-Hsieh-Hsin-Tang" (S-T) was originally used for patients with "epigastric fullness, flushing, restlessness, constipation and a hard pulse" (Chang 115 B.C.). All these symptoms are frequently observed in patients with essential hypertension. We assessed the antihypertensive and hemodynamic effects of this formula, and found that S-T decreased blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, heart rate and cardiac contractile force. S-T had no apparent effects on cardiac output and blood volume.

Haemodynamic Effects of Withdrawal of Long-Term Treatment with β-Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents in Subjects with Essential Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 421s-423s ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bengtsson ◽  
Y. Larsson ◽  
V. Panfilov ◽  
R. Sivertsson ◽  
H. Åström
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Term Treatment

1. After 10 years of β-adrenoceptor blockade in five female patients with essential hypertension, the β-adrenoceptor-blocking agent was withdrawn, and the women were then followed up for 1 year, with measurements of cardiac output and peripheral resistance. 2. Blood pressure remained low during the first year after withdrawal in spite of the fact that the heart rate increased within the first few days. 3. Cardiac output was found to increase during the first year after withdrawal, although total peripheral resistance was essentially unchanged. 4. The maintenance of low blood pressure after withdrawal of the antihypertensive drug might indicate a regression of structural changes in the resistance vessels during successful long-term antihypertensive treatment. 5. Minimal resistance in hands and calves did not increase during the year after withdrawal.

scholarly journals Elevated Blood Pressure in Adolescence Is Attributable to a Combination of Elevated Cardiac Output and Total Peripheral Resistance

Hypertension ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Park ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Laura D. Howe ◽  
Siana Jones ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood

Long-term hemodynamic actions of atrial natriuretic factor (99-126) in conscious sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. H811-H815 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Parkes ◽  
J. P. Coghlan ◽  
J. G. McDougall ◽  
B. A. Scoggins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of long-term (5 day) infusion of human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were examined in conscious chronically instrumented sheep. Infusion of ANF at 20 micrograms/h, a rate below the threshold for an acute natriuretic effect, decreased blood pressure by 9 +/- 1 mmHg on day 5, associated with a fall in calculated total peripheral resistance. On day 1, ANF reduced cardiac output, stroke volume, and blood volume, effects that were associated with an increase in heart rate and calculated total peripheral resistance and a small decrease in blood pressure. On days 4 and 5 there was a small increase in urine volume and sodium excretion. On day 5 an increase in water intake and body weight was observed. No change was seen in plasma concentrations of renin, arginine vasopressin, glucose, adrenocorticotropic hormone, or protein. This study suggests that the short-term hypotensive effect of ANF results from a reduction in cardiac output associated with a fall in both stroke volume and effective blood volume. However, after 5 days of infusion, ANF lowers blood pressure via a reduction in total peripheral resistance.

Effect of sympathetic blockade on diurnal variation of hemodynamic patterns

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. R778-R785 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Talan ◽  
B. T. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Sympathetic Blockade ◽  
Selective Blockade ◽  
Arterial Blood

Heart rate, stroke volume, and intra-arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously in each of four monkeys, 18 consecutive h/day for several weeks. The mean heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total peripheral resistance were calculated for each minute and reduced to hourly means. After base-line data were collected for approximately 20 days, observation was continued for equal periods of time under conditions of alpha-sympathetic blockade, beta-sympathetic blockade, and double sympathetic blockade. This was achieved by intra-arterial infusion of prazosin, atenolol, or a combination of both in concentration sufficient for at least 75% reduction of response to injection of agonists. The results confirmed previous findings of a diurnal pattern characterized by a fall in cardiac output and a rise in total peripheral resistance throughout the night. This pattern was not eliminated by selective blockade, of alpha- or beta-sympathetic receptors or by double sympathetic blockade; in fact, it was exacerbated by sympathetic blockade, indicating that the sympathetic nervous system attenuates these events. Because these findings indicate that blood volume redistribution is probably not the mechanism mediating the observed effects, we have hypothesized that a diurnal loss in plasma volume may mediate the fall in cardiac output and that the rise in total peripheral resistance reflects a homeostatic regulation of arterial pressure.

Carotid baroreceptor control of liver and spleen volume in cats

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. H254-H259
Author(s):  
R. Maass-Moreno ◽  
C. F. Rothe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Spleen Volume ◽  
Arterial Blood

We tested the hypothesis that the blood volumes of the spleen and liver of cats are reflexly controlled by the carotid sinus (CS) baroreceptors. In pentobarbital-anesthetized cats the CS area was isolated and perfused so that intracarotid pressure (Pcs) could be controlled while maintaining a normal brain blood perfusion. The volume changes of the liver and spleen were estimated by measuring their thickness using ultrasonic techniques. Cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure (Psa), central venous pressure, central blood volume, total peripheral resistance, and heart rate were also measured. In vagotomized cats, increasing Pcs by 100 mmHg caused a significant reduction in Psa (-67.8%), cardiac output (-26.6%), total peripheral resistance (-49.5%), and heart rate (-15%) and significantly increased spleen volume (9.7%, corresponding to a 2.1 +/- 0.5 mm increase in thickness). The liver volume decreased, but only by 1.6% (0.6 +/- 0.2 mm decrease in thickness), a change opposite that observed in the spleen. The changes in cardiovascular variables and in spleen volume suggest that the animals had functioning reflexes. These results indicate that in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats the carotid baroreceptors affect the volume of the spleen but not the liver and suggest that, although the spleen has an active role in the control of arterial blood pressure in the cat, the liver does not.

Endothelin antagonist reduces hemodynamic responses to vasopressin in DOCA-salt hypertension

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (6) ◽  
pp. H2511-H2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yu ◽  
Venkat Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Thomas W. Wilson ◽  
J. Robert McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Hypertensive Group ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vascular Responsiveness

The contribution of endothelin to the changes in blood pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance evoked by arginine vasopressin and angiotensin II was investigated in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats by infusing the peptides intravenously before and after pretreatment with the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan. Blood pressure was recorded with radiotelemetry devices and cardiac output was recorded with ultrasonic transit time flow probes in conscious unrestrained animals. The dose-related decreases in cardiac output induced by vasopressin and angiotensin II were unaffected by bosentan. In contrast, the dose-related increases in total peripheral resistance evoked by vasopressin were blunted in both DOCA-salt hypertensive and sham normotensive rats, but this effect of bosentan was greater in the DOCA-salt hypertensive group. In contrast with vasopressin, bosentan failed to change hemodynamic responses to angiotensin II. The exaggerated vascular responsiveness (total peripheral resistance) of the DOCA-salt hypertensive group to vasopressin was largely abolished by bosentan. These results suggest that endothelin contributes to the hemodynamic effects of vasopressin but not angiotensin II in the DOCA-salt model of hypertension.

Effects of phenoxybenzamine, metoprolol, captopril, and meclofenamate on cardiovascular function in deoxycorticosterone acetate hypertensive Yucatan miniature swine

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Ciccone ◽  
Edward J. Zambraski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Miniature Swine ◽  
Deoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Adrenergic Activity ◽  
Conscious Animals

Eight adult Yucatan miniature swine were implanted with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) impregnated silicone strips (100 mg∙kg−1). After 16 weeks of DOCA treatment mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased to 183 ± 4 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). In four normal animals arterial pressure was 126 ± 8 mmHg. The increase in MAP in the DOCA animalas was due to an elevated total peripheral resistance (TPR) with cardiac output remaining normal. In tests with conscious animals, phenoxybenzamine (1 mg∙kg−1) significantly decreased arterial pressure via a selective decrease in TPR. Neither meclofenamate, metoprolol, nor captopril affected MAP in these DOCA hypertensive animals. Dose–response curves to exogenous norepinephrine and angiotensin II revealed that the DOCA animals had an increased pressor sensitivity to both of these agents. These data suggest that in the DOCA hypertensive Yucatan swine an increase in alpha adrenergic activity and (or) an increase in smooth muscle responsiveness to circulating catecholamines is responsible for the increase in blood pressure as a result of an increase in total peripheral resistance.

Cardiac Output by the Dye Dilution Technique Under Thiopental Sodium-Oxygen and Ether Anesthesia

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther M. Greisheimer ◽  
Dorothy W. Ellis ◽  
George Stewart ◽  
Lydia Makarenko ◽  
Nadia Oleksyshyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Dye Dilution ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Thiopental Sodium

One hundred-twenty determinations of cardiac output by the dye dilution technic utilizing the cuvette oximeter were made on 20 dogs. Of these, 60 were done under thiopental sodium-oxygen analgesia and 60 were done after supplementing with ether. Arterial blood pressure was recorded by strain gauge. Electrocardiograms were taken periodically. Concentrations of thiopental and ether in arterial blood were determined. Cardiac output began to increase under thiopental analgesia and continued to increase when ether was administered. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate decreased slightly when ether was administered. Stroke index increased when ether was administered. Total peripheral resistance decreased markedly under thiopental analgesia, and continued to decrease when ether was administered. When compared with an earlier study in which cyclopropane was used as the supplementing agent, it was found that cyclopropane and ether exert opposite effects on cardiac output and peripheral resistance despite the fact that the effect on arterial blood pressure is similar under the two agents. Increase in cardiac output was found to be parallel with decrease in total peripheral resistance in this study. Amount of dye injected did not influence cardiac output. Under the conditions of this study, cardiac output was in no way dependent on the concentration of thiopental in the blood nor on the amount injected. Level of ether in the blood did not show much effect, if any, on cardiac output. It is probable that the changes observed in this study are comparable with those which obtain clinically when thiopental-oxygen analgesia is supplemented with ether. Systolic blood pressure is not an infallible guide to other cardiovascular functions since it may remain fairly steady while cardiac output and peripheral resistance undergo marked changes under anesthesia.

Plasma Renin Levels and Systemic Haemodynamics in Essential Hypertension

1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fagard ◽  
A. Amery ◽  
T. Reybrouck ◽  
P. Lijnen ◽  
L. Billiet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Low Renin Hypertension

1. Plasma renin concentration, intra-arterial pressure, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance have been studied in 50 patients with essential hypertension and normal renal function. 2. Total peripheral resistance and plasma renin were negatively correlated (r = −0·45), indicating that ‘high-renin’ essential hypertension is not necessarily associated with arteriolar vasoconstriction. 3. The inverse relation between mean arterial pressure and plasma renin (r = −0·46) suggests a role for the renal baroreceptor mechanism in the suppression of renin in ‘low-renin’ hypertension. 4. Cardiac output was positively related to plasma renin concentration (r = +0·42). 5. Multiple regression analysis indicates that the described relationships were independent of age.

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