A prospective controlled trial of topical irrigation in the treatment of delayed cutaneous healing in human leg ulcers

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. K. Bulstrode ◽  
A. W. Goode ◽  
P. J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Leg Ulcers ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Rapid Healing ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
Chronic Leg Ulcers

1. Topical irrigation with normal saline is known to produce rapid healing in chronic leg ulcers. This study was designed to determine if the rate of healing could be improved by the addition of topical nutrition to the irrigating solution. 2. Forty-eight patients with chronic leg ulcers were admitted to hospital for a minimum of 6 weeks bed-rest. During this time the ulcers were continuously irrigated by one of four test solutions. The solutions were: normal saline; a dilute amino acid solution isotonic with the normal saline; a hyperosmolar saline solution; a hyperosmolar amino acid solution. There were 12 ulcers in each group. 3. The amino acid solutions produced significantly faster healing than the saline solutions (P < 0.01). Concentration had no significant effect on healing (P > 0.15). 4. The application of amino acids does appear to enhance healing in this model of delayed wound healing. This effect does not depend only on the osmolarity of the solution used.

Stability of Cyclosporine in Dextrose 5%, NaCl 0.9%, Dextrose/Amino Acid Solution, and Lipid Emulsion

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard L. McLeod ◽  
Timothy R. McGuire ◽  
Gary C. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Intravenous Access ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
The Stability

OBJECTIVE: Because of limited intravenous access in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplant (BMT), we undertook a study to determine the safety of mixing cyclosporine in intravenous preparations commonly administered to BMT patients. DESIGN: In a pilot study, we investigated the stability of intravenous cyclosporine (Sandimmune) in four types of intravenous fluids: dextrose 5%, NaCl 0.9%, dextrose/amino acid solutions, and lipid emulsion. Because the pilot study showed highly variable cyclosporine concentrations that suggested inadequate mixing, we undertook another study to determine the effect of the mixing method on cyclosporine concentrations. OUTCOME MEASURE: Cyclosporine was considered stable in the study solutions if concentrations remained above 90 percent of the initial concentrations. RESULTS: Substantial variation in cyclosporine concentrations was observed in lipid emulsion and dextrose/amino acid solutions and gentle swirling of the solutions was insufficient to adequately disperse the drug. The variation was eliminated by vigorous shaking either before each sampling or once after the initial addition of cyclosporine. We used vigorous shaking methods to establish that cyclosporine is stable for up to 72 hours at room temperature in dextrose 5%, 10% amino acid solution with dextrose 50%, and Liposyn 10%, and up to 8 hours in NaCl 0.9%. CONCLUSIONS: These data may be used to simplify cyclosporine administration in patients who have limited intravenous access.

Therapeutic Comparison of Thiol Compounds in Severe Paracetamol Poisoning

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 200-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Solomon ◽  
J. D. Briggs ◽  
J. Knepil ◽  
D. A. Henry ◽  
J. F. Winchester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Paracetamol Poisoning ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
Biochemical Abnormalities

Twelve patients with toxic blood concentrations of paracetamol were treated with either cysteamine or amino-acid solution. None of the patients developed severe liver damage, although transient mild biochemical abnormalities developed in three. None of the patients treated with amino-acid solution had side effects due to therapy, whereas all those treated with cysteamine did. It is recommended that amino-acid solutions be used as a temporary measure in patients suspected of massive paracetamol overdose while awaiting estimation of blood paracetamol concentration.

Effect of duodenal amino acid infusion on solid gastric emptying in pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. G676-G680 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Landers ◽  
P. G. Devitt ◽  
G. G. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion

The emptying of a 400-g test meal of cubed liver was studied in eight pigs equipped with duodenal cannulas. Gastric effluent was diverted to measure both the rate of emptying and the distribution of particle sizes. The effect of emptying and particle size of infusing normal saline or an isosmolar amino acid solution into the small bowel was studied. Normal saline infusion did not alter the proportion of particles emptied, which were less than 1 mm in diameter. Infusion of the amino acid solution at the same rate significantly decreased the mass of liver emptied from 69.9 to 38.4 g compared with normal saline, and the percentage of particles less than 1 mm in diameter in the gastric effluent increased from 66 to 82%. We conclude that the amino acid solution produced both a reduction in the rate of gastric emptying and an increase in the proportion of small particles in the gastric effluent. We postulate that this may have been due to changes in gastric motility, together with alterations in gastric secretion and digestion, produced by the infusion of the amino acid solution into the small bowel.

Plasma Amino Acids in Patients with Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia Receiving Parenteral Nutrition

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Michael L. Christensen ◽  
Julienne Burgess ◽  
Richard A. Helms ◽  
Joseph Mirro ◽  
David K. Kalwinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Objective To assess the effect of parenteral amino acid solutions on plasma amino acid concentrations in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). Design Ten patients were studied at diagnosis, on the morning PN was started, and three times during PN therapy coinciding with the sequential administration of three different amino acid solutions (Aminosyn, FreAmine HBC, and TrophAmine). The order of amino acid solution administration in each patient was by a randomized, block design. Results The patients were undergoing identical intensive induction therapy. There was no significant difference in the number of days they received PN or the amount of protein or calories received during the three PN study periods. At diagnosis, phenylalanine and glutamic acid concentrations were elevated compared with previously published normal values and remained elevated at all observation times. During PN, asparagine, aspartic acid, and tyrosine concentrations were significantly lower with all three amino acid solutions compared with their concentrations at diagnosis. Glycine and threonine concentrations were also significantly lower with FreAmine HBC and TrophAmine administration and cysteine concentrations were significantly lower with FreAmine HBC administration than at the time of diagnosis. Aminosyn was associated with plasma amino acid concentrations most similar to those measured at diagnosis. Conclusions These results indicate that most amino acid concentrations fall within the normal range at diagnosis in the ANLL patients studied. Plasma concentrations for certain amino acids can be influenced by the amino acid solution used in PN. Further understanding of the derangements in amino acid metabolism and the influence of parenterally administered amino acid solutions on plasma amino acid concentrations may lead to improvements in the nutritional support of cancer patients.

Hydrogen Peroxide Generation in a Model Paediatric Parenteral Amino Acid Solution

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince Brawley ◽  
Jatinder Bhatia ◽  
Warren B. Karp
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
H2o2 Formation ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Generation

1. Parenteral amino acid solutions undergo photo-oxidation, which may be an important factor in total parenteral nutrition-associated hepatic dysfunction. Light-exposed parenteral solutions containing amino acids, in addition to vitamins and trace minerals, generate free radicals, which, in turn, may contribute to this type of injury. This study examined the characteristics of H2O2 production in a parenteral amino acid solution modelled on a commercially available paediatric parenteral amino acid solution. 2. The solution was exposed to light in the presence of riboflavin-5′-monophosphate (riboflavin), and peroxide formation in the presence and absence of catalase (H2O2 formation) was assayed using potassium iodide/molybdate. 3. Peak H2O2 production occurred at a light intensity of 8 μW cm−2 nm−1 in the 425–475 nm waveband and was linear to 2 h of light exposure. H2O2 production reached 500 μmol/l at 24 h. 4. H2O2 was directly related to a riboflavin concentration of up to 20 μmol/l and was maximal at 30 μmol/l. 5. H2O2 production was greatest in the amino acid/riboflavin solution at a pH of between 5 and 6. 6. Under the conditions of light exposure intensity, light exposure time, riboflavin concentration and pH found during the administration of parenteral nutrition in neonatal intensive care units, net H2O2 production occurs in solutions modelled on a paediatric parenteral amino acid preparation.

Evidence that dog kidney is an endogenous source of histidine.

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (1) ◽  
pp. E1
Author(s):  
S Fukuda ◽  
J D Kopple
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Blood Data

Net production or utilization (Qmet) of histidine by the kidney was evaluation or utilization (Qmet) of histidine by the kidney was evaluated in 11 normal and 8 chronically uremic female dogs during intravenous infusion, first of half-normal saline and then an amino acid solution containing L-histidine. Also, Qmet for histidine, alanine, beta-alanine, and carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) was determined during infusion of half-normal saline and then carnosine into the renal artery in seven normal dogs. During infusion of half-normal saline, Qmet histidine, calculated from the plasma data, was significantly positive in normal but not uremic dogs. Qmet histidine correlated with creatinine clearance. In uremic dogs, plasma histidine was decreased possibly due to decreased renal production and increased urinary excretion. Qmet histidine, calculated from the whole blood data during infusion of half-normal saline, was positive but not significantly so. During carnosine infusion, there was significant utilization of carnosine, and histidine production increased. Thus during fasting, the dog kidney appears to produce histidine, and histidine production increases with carnosine infusion. Hydrolysis of carnosine, possibly by carnosinase, may be a source of histidine released by the dog kidney.

Intravenous Alimentation and Insensible Water Loss in Low-Birth- Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-546
Author(s):  
Keith H. Marks ◽  
Timothy P. Farrell ◽  
Zvi Friedman ◽  
M. Jeffrey Maisels
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Intravenous Fat Emulsion ◽  
Multiple Measurements

Insensible water loss (IWL) was measured in six premature infants, betWeen 4 and 21 days of age, by continuous weight monitoring on an electronic balance inside an incubator. Multiple measurements of IWL were made during the sequential infusion of 10% dextrose in 0.225% NaCl, 10% dextrose-amino acid solution, or 10% dextrose-amino acid and a commercial intravenous fat emulsion. Each solution was administered for three hours by constant infusion through a scalp vein needle. The order of the infusion was random and a 30-to 60-minute infusion with 5% dextrose water was given between each solution. During the infusion of 10% dextrose in 0.225% NaCl and 10% dextrose + amino acid solution, IWL was 1.0 ± 0.8 gm/kg/ hr and 1.1 ± 0.8 gm/kg/hr, respectively. In contrast, IWL increased significantly to 1.6 ± 0.7 gni/kg/hr when additional calories were given using the 10% dextrose-amino acid with the intravenous fat emulsion (P &lt; .005). There was a positive correlation between caloric intake and IWL. These data suggest that parenteral nutrition solutions with intravenous fat emulsion are rapidly metabolized and the increase in IWL is probably secondary to an increase in thermogenesis.

Effect of Balanced Amino Acid Solution on Protein Metabolism after Surgery

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
J. Figueras ◽  
E. Ramos ◽  
J.M. Llop ◽  
N. San-Juan ◽  
J. Marti
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid Solution
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