Plasma Amino Acids in Patients with Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia Receiving Parenteral Nutrition

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Michael L. Christensen ◽  
Julienne Burgess ◽  
Richard A. Helms ◽  
Joseph Mirro ◽  
David K. Kalwinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Objective To assess the effect of parenteral amino acid solutions on plasma amino acid concentrations in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). Design Ten patients were studied at diagnosis, on the morning PN was started, and three times during PN therapy coinciding with the sequential administration of three different amino acid solutions (Aminosyn, FreAmine HBC, and TrophAmine). The order of amino acid solution administration in each patient was by a randomized, block design. Results The patients were undergoing identical intensive induction therapy. There was no significant difference in the number of days they received PN or the amount of protein or calories received during the three PN study periods. At diagnosis, phenylalanine and glutamic acid concentrations were elevated compared with previously published normal values and remained elevated at all observation times. During PN, asparagine, aspartic acid, and tyrosine concentrations were significantly lower with all three amino acid solutions compared with their concentrations at diagnosis. Glycine and threonine concentrations were also significantly lower with FreAmine HBC and TrophAmine administration and cysteine concentrations were significantly lower with FreAmine HBC administration than at the time of diagnosis. Aminosyn was associated with plasma amino acid concentrations most similar to those measured at diagnosis. Conclusions These results indicate that most amino acid concentrations fall within the normal range at diagnosis in the ANLL patients studied. Plasma concentrations for certain amino acids can be influenced by the amino acid solution used in PN. Further understanding of the derangements in amino acid metabolism and the influence of parenterally administered amino acid solutions on plasma amino acid concentrations may lead to improvements in the nutritional support of cancer patients.

Stability of Cyclosporine in Dextrose 5%, NaCl 0.9%, Dextrose/Amino Acid Solution, and Lipid Emulsion

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard L. McLeod ◽  
Timothy R. McGuire ◽  
Gary C. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Intravenous Access ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
The Stability

OBJECTIVE: Because of limited intravenous access in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplant (BMT), we undertook a study to determine the safety of mixing cyclosporine in intravenous preparations commonly administered to BMT patients. DESIGN: In a pilot study, we investigated the stability of intravenous cyclosporine (Sandimmune) in four types of intravenous fluids: dextrose 5%, NaCl 0.9%, dextrose/amino acid solutions, and lipid emulsion. Because the pilot study showed highly variable cyclosporine concentrations that suggested inadequate mixing, we undertook another study to determine the effect of the mixing method on cyclosporine concentrations. OUTCOME MEASURE: Cyclosporine was considered stable in the study solutions if concentrations remained above 90 percent of the initial concentrations. RESULTS: Substantial variation in cyclosporine concentrations was observed in lipid emulsion and dextrose/amino acid solutions and gentle swirling of the solutions was insufficient to adequately disperse the drug. The variation was eliminated by vigorous shaking either before each sampling or once after the initial addition of cyclosporine. We used vigorous shaking methods to establish that cyclosporine is stable for up to 72 hours at room temperature in dextrose 5%, 10% amino acid solution with dextrose 50%, and Liposyn 10%, and up to 8 hours in NaCl 0.9%. CONCLUSIONS: These data may be used to simplify cyclosporine administration in patients who have limited intravenous access.

Stability of Famotidine in Minibags Refrigerated and/or Frozen in Total Parenteral Nutrition Solutions

DICP ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (10_suppl) ◽  
pp. S44-S46
Author(s):  
Linda S. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions

The use of histamine2-receptor antagonists could be beneficial in critically ill patients for protection against stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding. Famotidine, similar to cimetidine and ranitidine, is stable when mixed in dextrose 5% injection and NaCl 0.9% injection at a concentration of 200 μg/mL and stored in polyvinyl chloride bags at 4 °C for 14 days or when frozen for 28 days and subsequently refrigerated for 14 days. Furthermore, famotidine, also like cimetidine and ranitidine, is stable when added to most common total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions. Famotidine in concentrations of 20 mg/L and 40 mg/L is stable in crystalline amino acid solutions (20 g/L and 42.5 g/L) when refrigerated for 24 hours, then held at room temperature for 24 hours, at room temperature for 48 hours, or refrigerated for seven days. The concentration of amino acids in the TPN solutions containing 42.5 g/L also is not affected by the addition of famotidine 40 mg/L when stored under conditions similar to those stated above for 48 hours. TPN solutions remain clear and free of turbidity.

Hydrogen Peroxide Generation in a Model Paediatric Parenteral Amino Acid Solution

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince Brawley ◽  
Jatinder Bhatia ◽  
Warren B. Karp
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
H2o2 Formation ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Generation

1. Parenteral amino acid solutions undergo photo-oxidation, which may be an important factor in total parenteral nutrition-associated hepatic dysfunction. Light-exposed parenteral solutions containing amino acids, in addition to vitamins and trace minerals, generate free radicals, which, in turn, may contribute to this type of injury. This study examined the characteristics of H2O2 production in a parenteral amino acid solution modelled on a commercially available paediatric parenteral amino acid solution. 2. The solution was exposed to light in the presence of riboflavin-5′-monophosphate (riboflavin), and peroxide formation in the presence and absence of catalase (H2O2 formation) was assayed using potassium iodide/molybdate. 3. Peak H2O2 production occurred at a light intensity of 8 μW cm−2 nm−1 in the 425–475 nm waveband and was linear to 2 h of light exposure. H2O2 production reached 500 μmol/l at 24 h. 4. H2O2 was directly related to a riboflavin concentration of up to 20 μmol/l and was maximal at 30 μmol/l. 5. H2O2 production was greatest in the amino acid/riboflavin solution at a pH of between 5 and 6. 6. Under the conditions of light exposure intensity, light exposure time, riboflavin concentration and pH found during the administration of parenteral nutrition in neonatal intensive care units, net H2O2 production occurs in solutions modelled on a paediatric parenteral amino acid preparation.

Perifusin - a solution without a problem?

1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Peripheral Vein ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
Intravenous Nutrition

Perifusin (BDH) is a solution of L-amino-acids and electrolytes which contains 5g nitrogen per litre, but no other source of energy. It is intended for the intravenous nutrition of well nourished patients through a peripheral vein, for the first few days after abdominal surgery or trauma while they cannot eat. The manufacturer claims that this form of nutrition speeds postoperative recovery and reduces complications. Perifusin thus differs in purpose, composition and route of administration from the more concentrated amino-acid solutions intended for use in total parenteral nutrition.1

scholarly journals An aquatic vertebrate can use amino acids from environmental water

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1839) ◽  
pp. 20160996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Katayama ◽  
Kobayashi Makoto ◽  
Osamu Kishida
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Aquatic Vertebrates ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
Salamander Larvae

Conventional food-web theory assumes that nutrients from dissolved organic matter are transferred to aquatic vertebrates via long nutrient pathways involving multiple eukaryotic species as intermediary nutrient transporters. Here, using larvae of the salamander Hynobius retardatus as a model system, we provide experimental evidence of a shortcut nutrient pathway by showing that H. retardatus larvae can use dissolved amino acids for their growth without eukaryotic mediation. First, to explore which amino acids can promote larval growth, we kept individual salamander larvae in one of eight different high-concentration amino acid solutions, or in control water from which all other eukaryotic organisms had been removed. We thus identified five amino acids (lysine, threonine, serine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) as having the potential to promote larval growth. Next, using 15 N-labelled amino acid solutions, we demonstrated that nitrogen from dissolved amino acids was found in larval tissues. These results suggest that salamander larvae can take up dissolved amino acids from environmental water to use as an energy source or a growth-promoting factor. Thus, aquatic vertebrates as well as aquatic invertebrates may be able to use dissolved organic matter as a nutrient source.

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