Haemodynamic responses to psychosocial stress during the menstrual cycle

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Manhem ◽  
Christina Jern ◽  
Martin Pilhall ◽  
Guy Shanks ◽  
Sverker Jern
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations

1. The haemodynamic effects of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle were examined in 11 normotensive women (age 20–46 years). The subjects were studied on days 2–8 (follicular phase) and days 18–26 (luteal phase) in a randomized order. A standardized mental stress test and a 24 h recording of ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate were performed. 2. Pre-stress resting levels of heart rate and blood pressure were similar during the two phases of the menstrual cycle. 3. During mental stress, the heart rate response was significantly greater during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase (14.7 versus 9.7 beats/min; P < 0.05). 4. Blood pressure, plasma catecholamine concentrations and subjective stress experience increased significantly in response to stress, without any significant differences between the two phases. 5. During 24 h ambulatory monitoring, higher levels of systolic blood pressure and heart rate were observed in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase (P < 0.005 and P < 0.0001, respectively). 6. These data indicate that cyclic variations in female sex hormones not only affect systolic blood pressure and heart rate, but also alter the haemodynamic responses to psychosocial stress.

scholarly journals Sympathetic Nerve Function Status in Follicular and Late Luteal Phases of Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Young Women

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Rama Choudhury ◽  
Nasim Jahan ◽  
Nayma Sultana ◽  
Rezina Akter ◽  
Ayesha Akhter Khanum
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Nerve Function ◽  
Late Luteal Phase

Background: Autonomic nerve function status may be changed during follicular and late luteal phases of menstrual cycle due to fluctuations of serum estrogen and progesterone level. Objective: To observe the sympathetic nerve function status during follicular and late luteal phases of menstrual cycle and their relationships with serum estrogen and progesterone in healthy young womens. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2009.A total number of thirty (30) apparently healthy unmarried women with age ranged from 20-25 years were investigated. Two simple autonomic nerve function tests, like fall of systolic blood pressure (SBP) on standing and rise of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during handgrip were done to assess sympathetic activity. Serum estrogen and progesterone levels were also measured by AxSYM method. All these tests were performed in both follicular and late luteal phases of menstrual cycle. Data were analysed by paired student’s ‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test as applicable. Results: Mean resting heart rate was significantly (p<0.01) increased in late luteal phase than that of follicular phase. Mean resting systolic blood pressure was significantly (p<0.01) increased and resting diastolic blood pressure was non-significantly increased in late luteal phase than those of follicular phase. Again, significantly (p<0.05) increased value of fall of systolic blood pressure after standing from lying and non-significant increased value of rise in diastolic blood pressure after sustained handgrip were observed in late luteal phase. The mean value of serum estrogen was non-significantly and serum progesterone was significantly (p<0.001) increased in late luteal phase than those of follicular phase. Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that sympathetic activity is increased in late luteal phase of menstrual cycle. In addition, increased sympathetic activity during late luteal phase might be the cause of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in some women. Key words: Sympathetic nerve functions; progesterone. DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6782J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2010 December; 5(2): 80-88

Hypercapnic blood pressure response is greater during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 2142-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Edwards ◽  
I. Wilcox ◽  
O. J. Polo ◽  
C. E. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Edwards, N., I. Wilcox, O. J. Polo, and C. E. Sullivan.Hypercapnic blood pressure response is greater during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 2142–2146, 1996.—We investigated the cardiovascular responses to acute hypercapnia during the menstrual cycle. Eleven female subjects with regular menstrual cycles performed hypercapnic rebreathing tests during the follicular and luteal phases of their menstrual cycles. Ventilatory and cardiovascular variables were recorded breath by breath. Serum progesterone and estradiol were measured on each occasion. Serum progesterone was higher during the luteal [50.4 ± 9.6 (SE) nmol/l] than during the follicular phase (2.1 ± 0.7 nmol/l; P < 0.001), but serum estradiol did not differ (follicular phase, 324 ± 101 pmol/l; luteal phase, 162 ± 71 pmol/l; P = 0.61). The systolic blood pressure responses during hypercapnia were 2.0 ± 0.3 and 4.0 ± 0.5 mmHg/Torr (1 Torr = 1 mmHg rise in end-tidal [Formula: see text]) during the follicular and luteal phases, respectively, of the menstrual cycle ( P < 0.01). The diastolic blood pressure responses were 1.1 ± 0.2 and 2.1 ± 0.3 mmHg/Torr during the follicular and luteal phases, respectively ( P < 0.002). Heart rate responses did not differ during the luteal (1.7 ± 0.3 beats ⋅ min−1 ⋅ Torr−1) and follicular phases (1.4 ± 0.3 beats ⋅ min−1 ⋅ Torr−1; P = 0.59). These data demonstrate a greater pressor response during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle that may be related to higher serum progesterone concentrations.

scholarly journals A comparative study of parasympathetic function tests during different phases of menstrual cycle in young healthy females

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaily Verma ◽  
Prashant Khuraiya ◽  
Rajni Soni
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parasympathetic Function ◽  
Three Phases

Background: The hormonal fluctuations that occur during normal menstrual cycle has profound influence on autonomic functions. This influence on autonomic nervous system may affect cardiovagal control. The aim of the study is to find out the variation of Parasympathetic function tests during different phases of menstrual cycle in young healthy females.Methods: The present study was carried out on 50 healthy female subjects with normal menstrual cycles between the ages of 18 to 25 years. Various non-invasive parasympathetic function tests during different phases of menstrual cycle were performed that include Resting heart rate (RHR), Heart rate variation during deep breathing (E:I Ratio), Heart rate response to standing (30:15 Ratio), Heart rate response to Valsalva maneuver (Valsalva Ratio). The results were analysed using ANOVA and student’s paired-t tests.Results: During the menstrual cycle, we found varied heart rate response with higher values towards the luteal phase, when compared to the follicular phase and the menstrual phase. There was a statistically significant difference in the heart rate parameters like resting heart rate, 30:15 ratio, valsalva ratio and E:I ratio during the three phases of menstrual cycle.Conclusions: The study concludes that there was statistically significant heart rate variability during three phases of the menstrual cycle, as observed by the increased sympathetic discharge in the luteal phase compared to the increased parasympathetic discharge in the follicular phase. The results of our study have emphasized the complexity of the relationship between ovarian steroids and various hemodynamic regulatory systems.

Blood pressure and renal haemodynamic response to salt during the normal menstrual cycle

2000 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette PECHÈRE-BERTSCHI ◽  
Marc MAILLARD ◽  
Hans STALDER ◽  
Hans R. BRUNNER ◽  
Michel BURNIER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Renal Haemodynamics ◽  
Haemodynamic Response ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate prospectively blood pressure and the renal haemodynamic response to salt during the normal menstrual cycle. A total of 35 healthy normotensive young women not on oral contraceptives were enrolled; 17 were studied in the follicular phase and 18 in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The women in each group were then randomly allocated to receive a low-sodium (40 mmol/day) or a high-sodium (250 mmol/day) diet for a 7-day period in two consecutive menstrual cycles. At the end of each dietary period, 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, urinary sodium excretion, plasma renin activity, plasma catecholamine levels and renal haemodynamics were measured. Our results show that the blood pressure response to salt is comparable during the luteal and the follicular phases of the normal menstrual cycle and is characterized by a salt-resistant pattern. In the kidney, effective renal plasma flow was significantly greater and the filtration fraction lower (P < 0.05) after salt loading in women studied in the luteal phase compared with women investigated in the follicular phase. This study thus demonstrates that the female hormone status does not affect the blood pressure response to sodium in young normotensive women. However, in contrast with systemic haemodynamics, the renal response to salt varies during the normal menstrual cycle, suggesting that female sex hormones play a role (direct or indirect) in the regulation of renal haemodynamics.

scholarly journals A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl on attenuation of pressor response during laryngoscopy and intubation in neurosurgical patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3246
Author(s):  
Shazia Anjum ◽  
Sarbjit Singh Chhiber ◽  
Majid Khan ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali ◽  
Talib Khan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Group D

Background: Laryngoscopy is associated with a sympathetic response that results in a rapid increase in blood pressure and heart rate in these patients. The mechanisms underlying these hemodynamic changes are incompletely understood. They may be caused by a reflex sympathetic discharge due to stimulation of the upper respiratory tract. It has been observed that hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation are associated with an increase in plasma catecholamine concentrations and are attenuated by β-adrenergic blockade. These hemodynamic changes may be undesirable particularly in neurosurgical patients. Aim of the study is the present study was prospective, randomized, double-blind conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dexmdetomidine and fentanyl in attenuation of pressor responses to laryngoscopy and intubation in neurosurgical patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries.Methods: A total of 60 patients of 18–65 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists Class I/II of undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Group D received dexmedetomidine and Group F received Fentanyl. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were recorded preoperatively (baseline), at 5 and 8 minutes after infusion of study drug, before induction, 1 minute after induction, 2 minute after intubation, 5 minute after intubation, 10 minute after intubation  and 15 minute after intubation.Results: There was a better control of Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure   and mean arterial pressure in Group D when compared to Group F during laryngoscopy and after intubation.Conclusions: The present study shows that dexmedetomidine suppresses hemodynamic responses effectively than fentanyl.

scholarly journals Hemodynamic responses to strength exercise with blood flow restriction during different phases of the menstrual cycle

Motricidade ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rodrigues Neto ◽  
Jefferson Silva Novaes ◽  
Adenilson Targino de Araújo Júnior ◽  
Júlio César Gomes Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Poderoso Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Strength Exercise ◽  
Double Product ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Low Load

The present study aimed to determine the influence of low-load (LL) resistance exercise (RE) with blood flow restriction (BFR) on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR), double product (DP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) during the phases of the menstrual cycle (MC). Thirty untrained women were randomly and proportionally divided into three groups: HI = high-intensity exercises (80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM)); LL = low-load exercises (20% of 1RM); and LL+BFR = LL exercises combined with BFR. The exercise sessions were performed during the 3rd-4th days (follicular phase), 16th day (ovulatory phase) and the 24th-26th days (luteal phase) of the MC. Before and immediately after the exercises, SBP, DBP, HR and SpO2 were evaluated. We observed an increase in SBP, HR and DP in the three phases of the MC for all groups (p < 0.05). Groups LL and/or LL+BFR exhibited a greater increase in SBP, DBP, MBP, HR and DP when compared with the HI group (p < 0.05), and in the three groups, SpO2 was not reduced (p > 0.05). There was a significant effect of the MC phases on HR and DP (p < 0.05). We conclude that the three groups exhibited increased SBP, HR and DP; however, SpO2 was not different. Furthermore, groups LL and LL+BFR exhibited greater increases in hemodynamics, and the MC phases seem to influence only HR and DP.

Influence of the menstrual cycle on nonlinear properties of heart rate variability in young women

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. H765-H774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Bai ◽  
Jingxiu Li ◽  
Lingqi Zhou ◽  
Xueqi Li
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Ovarian Hormone ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Healthy Women

This study was designed to assess the changes in nonlinear properties of heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) during the menstrual cycle by means of complexity measures, including sample entropy (SampEn) and correlation dimension (CD), and explore probable physiological interpretations for them. In 16 healthy women (mean age: 23.8 ± 2.7 yr), complexity measures along with the spectral components of HRV (sympathovagal markers) were analyzed over 1,500 R-R intervals recorded during both the follicular phase ( day 11.9 ± 1.4) and the luteal phase ( day 22.0 ± 1.4) of each woman's menstrual cycle. Simultaneously, serum ovarian hormone (estradiol-17 and progesterone) and thyroid-related hormone [free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone] concentrations were measured. With regard to HRV measures, SampEn, CD, and high-frequency (HF) components decreased from the follicular phase to the luteal phase, whereas normalized low-frequency (LF) components and the LF-to-HF ratio as well as resting HR increased. In regard to hormone levels, whereas progesterone was increased, the other hormone concentrations were unchanged. Furthermore, across the menstrual cycle, both SampEn and CD were well correlated with the spectral indexes and free T4 concentrations, and SampEn also showed significant correlations with the ratio of estradiol-17 to progesterone concentrations. These results suggest that the nonlinear properties in HRV are altered during the regular menstrual cycle and that the autonomic nervous system, ovarian hormone balance, and free T4 may be involved in nonlinear HR control in healthy women. All of these factors may enrich the physiological meanings of complexity measures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability during Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
T. Srigopika ◽  
G. Sridevi ◽  
S. Preetha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Proliferative Phase

Introduction: Every month, between puberty and menopause, a woman’s body goes through a number of changes to get it ready for a possible pregnancy. This series of hormone-driven events is called the menstrual cycle. A woman’s menstrual cycle is divided into three phases- proliferative phase, secretory phase and menstrual phase.  The hormonal surge during each phase causes profound effects on the cardiovascular system as well. However, previous research reported conflicting results in this concept. Thus the controversial statements associating blood pressure and heart rate variability with menstrual cycle promoted this research. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the blood pressure and heart rate variability during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Materials and Methods: 20 healthy women belonging to the proliferative, secretory and menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle were analyzed for autonomic functions tests using systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and heart rate variability. Results: It showed that there was a statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate during the secretory phase. There was an increase in heart rate variability during the menstrual phase but this was statistically insignificant. Conclusion:  The study concluded that there were significant changes in blood pressure during the secretory phase and pulse rate and insignificant increase in heart rate variability during the menstrual phase. Thus, the study also concluded that sympathetic nervous activity in the secretory phase is significantly greater than in the proliferative phase, whereas parasympathetic nervous activity is predominant in the proliferative phase.

scholarly journals Analysis of some psychophysiological indicators and vegetative heart regulation in girls of Tver region

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Юлия Петровна Игнатова ◽  
Ирина Илларионовна Макарова ◽  
Алла Валерьевна Аксёнова
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Heart Rate Control ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Tver Region ◽  
Favorable State

Большинство обследуемых девушек в обе фазы овариально-менструального цикла показало умеренный уровень ситуативной тревожности и благоприятное состояние, что позволяет им продуктивно работать и адекватно реагировать в различных ситуациях. Анализ когнитивной сферы не выявил значимых различий в обе фазы цикла. Вариабельность сердечного цикла при когнитивной нагрузке в сравнении с состоянием покоя в фолликулярную фазу свидетельствуют о централизации в управлении сердечным ритмом. В лютеиновую фазу происходило смещение вегетативного баланса в сторону преобладания симпатического отдела без усиления влияний церебральных структур регуляции The majority of the surveyed girls in both phases of the ovarian-menstrual cycle showed a moderate level of situational anxiety and a favorable state, which allows them to work productively and respond adequately in various situations. Analysis of the cognitive sphere revealed no significant differences in both phases of the cycle. The variability of the cardiac cycle during cognitive load versus resting in the follicular phase is indicative of centralization in heart rate control. In the luteal phase, the vegetative balance shifted towards the predominance of the sympathetic section without increasing the influence of cerebral regulation structures

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