Sportomics analysis of a high-intensity functional training method, the CrossFit

To identify the acute hematological and biochemical changes induced by a Crossfit™ class, ten men were divided into CF group (N = 5) and control group (N = 5). Blood and urine were collected: pre-exercise (T1), after exercise (T2), and 12 post-exercise (T3). Blood cells, urea, cortisol, lactate, creatine Kinase (CK), and microalbuminuria (MAU) had measured. There was a record of handgrip strength (HGS), heart rate (HR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP), with the calculation of the double product (DP). MAU showed an increase in the order of 14,000%, with a return to normal (T3). The DP increased 83% in response to exercise, and this increase seems to be due to HR, which increased 76%. Cortisol and lactate showed an acute increase induced by the method, 47% for cortisol and 874% for lactate, respectively, with recovery less than 12 hours. The correlations between the study variables represent a future perspective for studies in sports medicine. The acute excretion of proteins by the kidneys in an acute way, already in the first exercise session, can in the long-term cause damage to this organ. MAU presented itself as more indicated than urea, the most usual renal marker. Para identificar as alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas agudas induzidas por uma aula Crossfit™, dez homens foram divididos em grupo CF (N = 5) e grupo controle (N = 5). Foram coletados sangue e urina: pré-exercício (T1), pós-exercício (T2) e 12 pós-exercício (T3). Células sanguíneas, uréia, cortisol, lactato, creatina quinase (CK) e microalbuminúria (MAU) foram medidos. Houve registro da força de preensão manual (FPM), frequência cardíaca (FC) e pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), com o cálculo do duplo produto (DP). A MAU apresentou aumento da ordem de 14.000%, com retorno ao normal (T3). O DP aumentou 83% em resposta ao exercício, e esse aumento parece ser devido à FC, que aumentou 76%. O cortisol e o lactato apresentaram aumento agudo induzido pelo método, 47% para o cortisol e 874% para o lactato, respectivamente, com recuperação inferior a 12 horas. As correlações entre as variáveis ​​de estudo representam uma perspectiva futura para os estudos em medicina do esporte. A excreção aguda de proteínas pelos rins de forma aguda, já na primeira sessão de exercícios, pode, a longo prazo, causar danos a esse órgão. O MAU apresentou-se mais indicado que a ureia, o marcador renal mais usual.

Effects of Yogic practices on cardiovascular system and salivary alpha amylase on Indian healthy jail inmates

Objectives Imprisoned people usually have a poor health status and an increase risk to suffer chronic debilitating conditions, co-infection due to their limitations in physical activity and mental disturbances. This study was carried to find out the health impacts of Yogic practice of Indian healthy jail inmates. Methods It was interventional single group pre-post design study. A total no of 30, Jail inmates including 08 female were participated in this study and practiced Yoga for six months. Body Mass Index, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Salivary alpha amylase activity (SAA) a stress marker were assessed before, after three months and after completion of six months of Yogic practice. Results Improvement was noted in all parameters, but significant improvement was noted in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, double product a index of load in the heart and SAA following Yogic practice in total participants. Significant improvement was also noted in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, double product a index of load in the heart and SAA following Yogic practice in male group. No significant effect was noted in female group. Conclusions The present study revealed that regular Yogic practice resulted in reduction blood pressure, load in the heart and stress in mail jail inmates, when it is practiced regularly and carefully.

Blood pressure time load formation in patients with arterial hypertension without metabolic syndrome

Relevance . The study of the daily dynamics of blood pressure in arterial hypertension both on the basis of the daily index and on the basis of the time load is a relevant task, since, these indicators are associated in the literature with stable changes in the neurohumoral regulation of the cardiovascular system in arterial hypertension . The aim of the study was to compare data of the time load in patients with arterial hypertension , depending on the nocturnal blood pressure profile, with integrative indicators of the activity of the cardiovascular system in the form of a Circadian index, a structural point of blood pressure, double product. Materials and Methods. The study included 72 patients who were treated at the City Clinical Hospital No 13 in Moscow and signed a voluntary consent to participate in the research and the processing of personal data. Inclusion criteria: arterial hypertension. Exclusion criteria: metabolic syndrome, secondary forms of arterial hypertension and concomitant pathology. Depending on the daily index (DI10% and DI10%) patients were divided into 2 groups: 1 group (N= 32): patients with arterial hypertension without nocturnal decrease in blood pressure (non-dippers and night-pickers100%); Group 2 (N = 40): patients with arterial hypertension who had a nocturnal decrease in blood pressure (dippers and over dippers 100%). All patients and members of the control group (N=15) underwent daily monitoring of blood pressure (24-hour Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring). The data were statistically processed to determine the 5% level of significance of differences (p0.05) (Students test). In the comparative analysis of integrative indicators at day and at night, a variance analysis was applied. Results and Discussion . As a result of the study, it was found that the values of Circadian Index for blood pressure vary depending on the type of night decrease in blood pressure and the blood pressure time load, while daily index and structural point of blood pressure remain on the same level as a reflection of the hemodynamic allostasis existing in both groups. Conclusion. Reflection of the allostatic load on hemodynamics is change of values of double product and of the structural point of blood pressure compared with the control group. These changes are not associated with the peculiarities of the nocturnal blood pressure profile in patients with hypertension without metabolic syndrome.

Polysaccharide Hydrogels for the Protection of Dairy-Related Microorganisms in Adverse Environmental Conditions

Adverse environmental conditions are severely limiting the use of microorganisms in food systems, such as probiotic delivery, where low pH causes a rapid decrease in the survival of ingested bacteria, and mixed-culture fermentation, where stepwise changes and/or metabolites of individual microbial groups can hinder overall growth and production. In our study, model probiotic lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum ATCC 8014, L. rhamnosus GG) and yeasts native to dairy mixed cultures (Kluyveromyces marxianus ZIM 1868) were entrapped in an optimized (cell, alginate and hardening solution concentration, electrostatic working parameters) Ca-alginate system. Encapsulated cultures were examined for short-term survival in the absence of nutrients (lactic acid bacteria) and long-term performance in acidified conditions (yeasts). In particular, the use of encapsulated yeasts in these conditions has not been previously examined. Electrostatic manufacturing allowed for the preparation of well-defined alginate microbeads (180–260 µm diameter), high cell-entrapment (95%) and viability (90%), and uniform distribution of the encapsulated cells throughout the hydrogel matrix. The entrapped L. plantarum maintained improved viabilities during 180 min at pH 2.0 (19% higher when compared to the free culture), whereas, L. rhamnosus appeared to be less robust. The encapsulated K. marxianus exhibited double product yields in lactose- and lactic acid-modified MRS growth media (compared to an unfavorable growth environment for freely suspended cells). Even within a conventional encapsulation system, the pH responsive features of alginate provided superior protection and production of encapsulated yeasts, allowing several applications in lacto-fermented or acidified growth environments, further options for process optimization, and novel carrier design strategies based on inhibitor charge expulsion.

Immediate Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Associated with Squatting Exercises on Hemodynamic Parameters in Sarcopenic Older People: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Whole-body vibration (WBV) exercises have recently been introduced as a nonpharmacological therapeutic strategy for sarcopenic older people. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of WBV exercise on hemodynamic parameters in sarcopenic older people. Forty older people, divided into groups of nonsarcopenic (NSG = 20) and sarcopenic (SG = 20), participated in the study and were cross randomized into two interventions of eight sets of 40 s each, these being squatting with WBV and squatting without WBV. Heart rate (HR), peak heart rate (peak HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), double product (DP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and subjective perception of effort (SPE), were assessed at baseline, during, and after a single WBV session. The HR, peak HR, and DP variables were similar at baseline between groups. WBV exercise increased all the hemodynamic parameters both during and immediately after the intervention, in both groups (SG and NSG). The MAP values were similar at baseline between groups; however, in the NSG there was a significant increase during and immediately after the squatting with WBV intervention (p < 0.05). The HR behavior, in both groups, showed that there was an increase in HR after the first set of exercises with vibration and this increase was maintained until the final set. The absence of adverse effects of WBV exercise on the cardiovascular system and fatigue suggests this exercise modality is adequate and safe for sarcopenic older people.

Double Product as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease in Males with Normal Blood Pressure

Aim: This study investigates whether in males with normal blood pressure that underwent exercise stress test Double Product (DB) or Double Product Ratios to workload (DPR) are self-sufficient in predicting the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Method: 78 male patients with normal blood pressure went through bicycle exercise stress test (EST) and within four weeks they underwent coronary angiography. 34 of them resulted with normal coronary arteries and 44 of them were diagnosed with one or multiple vessel CAD. Pressure rate double product was calculated in rest, in the first stage of the exercise test, in the peak of exercise, and also in the second, fourth, and sixth minutes of recovery of the stress test. Also, the ratios of pressure rate double product with the workload, which reflects the relative growth of double product to the workload, were calculated. The results were compared between the two groups, the one with normal coronary arteries, and those with abnormal coronary angiography. Results: DP in rest and in the first stage of the exercise are not significantly different for normotensive males with or without CAD, while the peak DB value of the exercise, as well as the econd and sixth minutes of the recovery are significantly lower for the group of patients with CAD. The starting peak workloads were significantly lower in the patients' group with CAD (p=0.0002 and p 0.0001). On the other hand, the double product to workload ratio at the first stage was significantly lower in males with normal blood pressure and CAD. Significant lower DPR are detected also in the fourth and sixth minutes of recovery. Conclusion: The values of DP in the peak exercise and at the second and sixth minutes of the recovery phase are significantly lower in normotensive males with abnormal coronary angiography compared to those with normal coronary arteries, and these findings can be used to detect the presence of CAD despite the ECG changes and they are not affected by the baseline characteristics of the patients. The ratios between DP and workload at the first stage, and in the fourth and sixth minutes of recovery are significantly lower in normotensive male patients with coronary artery disease compared to those without CAD and can be independent predictive parameters for the disease.

Cardiorespiratory System During Bicycle Ergometer Testing in Biathletes and Cross-Country Skiers of the Komi Republic

The purpose of this paper was to compare the physiological parameters of the cardiorespiratory system at rest and during the bicycle ergometer test to exhaustion in biathletes and cross-country skiers to identify the difference in the aerobic performance of athletes of two closely related winter sports. Materials and methods: 18 biathletes and 28 male cross-country skiers aged 17–21 years, all with the rank of the Candidate for Master of Sport, were examined. Bicycle ergometer testing to exhaustion was used (Oxycon Pro, Germany), cardiorespiratory parameters were analysed, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was determined, and the physiological cost of a unit of work was calculated. Results. At rest, a statistically significantly higher level of fitness was revealed in crosscountry skiers compared with biathletes according to such haemodynamic parameters as systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and double product. At maximal load, an increased degree of fitness was found in cross-country skiers in terms of power and duration of bicycle ergometer exercise, cardiac and pulse cost per unit of work, as well as gross and specific VO2 max. The body of cross-country skiers under the test to exhaustion (according to oxygen pulse value) functions more efficiently than the body of biathletes. Thus, higher level of fitness among cross-country skiers of the Komi Republic is manifested in the economization of cardiorespiratory functions both at rest and at maximal ergometric loads, as well as in the value of specific physiological cost per unit of work. Increased functionality (or reserves) of cross-country skiers is indicated by such parameters as systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, double product, respiratory minute volume, oxygen consumption, and energy expenditure. It can be assumed that the aerobic performance of biathletes is lower than that of cross-country skiers as the former receive less training in cross-country skiing.

Study of 24 Hours/2 day Monitoring of Blood Pressure in Subjects with Traumatic Paraplegia

Cardiovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline are more common in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Most people with a cervical or upper-thoracic SCI usually experience conditions called orthostatic hypotension and autonomic dysreflexia, which are described by the serious changes in systemic blood pressure. To evaluate baseline heart rate (HR), baseline blood pressure (BP) and ABPM monitoring in traumatic paraplegia patients. In this study, total 36 diagnosed of paraplegia patients was based on Asia Impairment Scale (AIS), paralysed by RTA, or fall from height within 7 days of injury were included in this study. The blood pressure was monitoring for 24 hour/2 day and repeated after 12th day of first monitoring. Ambulatory blood pressure was monitored by ABPM machine at HALF hourly from 6 am – 10 pm and one hourly from 10 pm – 6 am. All the continuous variables were compared by t- test. The night dipping (Systole) and morning surge (Systole) were significantly lower at 12th days as compared to within 7 Days (p=0.002). Whereas the diurnal Index (Diastole) and diurnal Index (MAP) were comparable in between within 7 days and 12th days. The mean SBP max and SBP min were significantly lower at 12th day as compared to within 7 days. Whereas DBP max and min were comparable in between within 7 days and at 12th days. The changes in min., max and mean double product (All, active periods, and passive periods) were also not found to be statistically significant in between within 7 days and at 12th day. The traumatic paraplegic patients have altered diurnal index, morning surge, night dipping and systolic blood pressure on APBM monitoring.

Acute hemodynamic responses are not different for mono and multiarticular exercises for the same muscle group

Introduction: Different mechanical behaviors in resistance training can result in certain changes in the cardiovascular system. Objective: To verify the acute behavior of the main cardiovascular variables (heart rate, blood pressure, and double product) when performing resistance training with mono and multiarticular exercises. Methods: 10 male subjects participated in the study (26 ± 4 years; 81 ± 6 kg; 1.77 ± 2 m; 23 ± 1 kg / m2). They performed a test and retest for 8RM in the bench press and crucifix exercises on the machine. After the loads were outlined, they performed the intervention with the exercises, initially with a monoarticular activation containing two sets of 12 repetitions with 50% of the load acquired in the 8RM test of each exercise, using an interval of 60 seconds between one set and another. Additionally, three sets of 8 repetitions (80% 8RM) were performed with an interval between sets of 120 seconds. The execution speed was determined at a moderate level (2s for concentric, 2s for eccentric). It was measured before and during (series 1, series two, and series 3. Named as moments) heart rate exercises using POLAR, model RS800CX Multisport® and blood pressure using OMRON M6 (HEM-7001- E) ®. Then, the double product was calculated using the formula [HR (bpm) X SBP (mmHg)]. Results: In the heart rate analysis, there was an intra-condition difference for moments 1, 2, and 3 compared to rest (p <0.000). In the inter-condition comparison, no differences were observed for rest (p = 0.994) and for moments 1, 2 and 3 (p> 0.999). In systolic blood pressure, intra-conditions, differences were observed for moments 1, 2, and 3 compared to rest (p <0.000). In the inter-condition comparisons, there were no differences between rest (p> 0.999), moment 1 (p = 0.714), 2 (p = 0.999) and 3 (p> 0.999). For diastolic blood pressure, intra conditions, for bench press no significant differences were found for moments 1 (p = 0.331), 2 (p = 0.505) and 3 (p = 0.505) when compared to rest. In the same way it was for the crucifix, wherein the comparison with rest, no difference was observed in moments 1 (p = 0.849), 2 (p = 0.195) and 3 (p = 0.105). In the same sense, no difference was also observed in the comparisons between conditions for rest (p> 0.999), moment 1 (p = 0.999), 2 (p = 0.989) and 3 (p = 0.948). Finally, the double product in intra-condition comparisons found differences between moments 1, 2, and 3 compared to rest (p <0.000). However, in the inter-condition comparisons, no difference was observed at rest (p = 0.999), moment 1 (p = 0.868), 2 and 3 (p> 0.999). Conclusion: It is suggested that resistance training composed of mono and multi-joint exercises offers differences in hemodynamic responses but without differences between the types of mechanics applied by the exercises. Therefore, these results offer a partiality of what can happen with heart rate, blood pressure, and double product.

Effect of yoga therapy on cardiovascular parameters in patients with psoriasis: A randomized control trial — pilot study

This study was done at the Centre for Yoga Therapy, Education and Research (CYTER) of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV) to determine cardiovascular (CV) parameters in patients with psoriasis.Data of 20 patients (12 female, 8 male) with a mean age of 44.40 ± 15.2ywho were referred by Dept. of Dermatology and attended yoga therapy sessions at CYTER was used for analysis. Supervised yoga training was given to the participants who were randomized into the yoga group. Heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic pressure (SP and DP) was recorded using non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) apparatus before and after the study period of 12 weeks. CV indices such as Pulse pressure (PP), mean pressure (MP), rate-pressure product (RPP), and double product (DoP) were derived using appropriate formulae.The inter-group comparison showed significant change (p&#60;0.05) in SP. The derived CV indices such as PP, RPP & DoP also showed significant changes. (p&#60;0.05) after 12 weeks of Yoga training. The intragroup comparison in the control group showed a significant increase in SP and DP (p&#60;0.05). There is a healthy reduction in SP and derived CV indices following 12 weeks of yoga training. The magnitude of this reduction depends on the pre-existing medical condition and intensity of the disease in each individual. These changes may be attributed to enhanced harmony of cardiac autonomic function as a result of coordinated breath-body work and mind-body relaxation due to yoga resulting in a significant reduction in the perceived stress.