Elevated endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenic factor activity in rodent glycolytic skeletal muscles

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Cooper ◽  
C. M. Taylor ◽  
J. J. Choo ◽  
J. B. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Angiogenic Factor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Factor Activity ◽  
Angiogenic Activity

1. Capillary density is greater in skeletal muscles comprised of predominantly oxidative (type I) fibres than in those comprised of mainly glycolytic (type II) fibres. In order to investigate further the angiogenic mechanisms involved in muscle capillarization, endothelial-cellstimulating angiogenic factor activities in various rodent skeletal muscles were compared. 2. Eleven untrained adult male Wistar rats were killed and the predominantly oxidative (type I) muscles, soleus and heart, the predominantly glycolytic (type II) muscle, extensor digitorum longus, and the mixed-fibre muscle, gastrocnemius, were removed. Each sample was separately homogenized and centrifuged and the supernatants were diafiltered to isolate the low-molecular-mass fraction containing endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenic activity. This was assayed for its ability to activate latent collagenase and was expressed as units, where 1 unit represents the percentage activation of the enzyme h−1 (mg of protein in the supernatant)−1. 3. The results (medians and ranges) demonstrated significantly greater endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenic factor activity in extensor digitorum longus muscle (2.14 units, 0.62–2.87 units, n = 13) than in soleus (0.82 units, 0.59–1.79 units, n = 15), gastrocnemius (0.34 units, 0.28–0.40 units, n = 4) or heart (0.43 units, 0.16–0.52 units, n = 11) (P< 0.01 for each) muscle. 4. These findings suggest that endothelial-cell-stimulating angiogenic activity in muscle is either inversely or not related to the local capillary density, which may be at or near a maximum in physiologically contracting, predominantly oxidative muscles.

Aberrant expression of myosin isoforms in skeletal muscles from mice lacking the rev-erbAα orphan receptor gene

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. R482-R490 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pircher ◽  
P. Chomez ◽  
F. Yu ◽  
B. Vennström ◽  
L. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Isoform Expression

The rev-erbAα orphan protein belongs to the steroid nuclear receptor superfamily. No ligand has been identified for this protein, and little is known of its function in development or physiology. In this study, we focus on 1) the distribution of the rev-erbAα protein in adult fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles and muscle fibers and 2) how the rev-erbAα protein influences myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression in mice heterozygous (+/−) and homozygous (−/−) for a rev-erbAα protein null allele. In the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle, rev-erbAα protein expression was linked to muscle fiber type; however, MyHC isoform expression did not differ between wild-type, +/−, or −/− mice. In the slow-twitch soleus muscle, the link between rev-erbAα protein and MyHC isoform expression was more complex than in the extensor digitorum longus. Here, a significantly higher relative amount of the β/slow (type I) MyHC isoform was observed in both rev-erbAα −/− and +/− mice vs. that shown in wild-type controls. A role for the ratio of thyroid hormone receptor proteins α1 to α2 in modulating MyHC isoform expression can be ruled out because no differences were seen in MyHC isoform expression between thyroid hormone receptor α2-deficient mice (heterozygous and homozygous) and wild-type mice. Therefore, our data are compatible with the rev-erbAα protein playing an important role in the regulation of skeletal muscle MyHC isoform expression.

scholarly journals A Locomotor Disorder Clinically Similar to Spastic Paresis in an Adult Friesian Bull

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bradley ◽  
W.V.S. Wueratne
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Type Ii Cell ◽  
Spastic Paresis ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
I Cells ◽  
Severe Type

A 5-year-old Friesian stud bull developed a progressive locomotor disorder on return to stud after a period of rest. He had defects in conformation exacerbated by poor condition. The hind limbs were excessively straight. When he stood or moved, the Achilles tendons and their associated muscles were rigid. The disorder clinically resembled spastic paresis of calves. Necropsy showed a degenerative arthropathy in all hind limb joints below the hip. Lesions were also in tendons and skeletal muscles. The M. flexor digitorum superficialis had severe type II cell atrophy with many ring. lobulated and moth-eaten type I cells.

scholarly journals Activity of mu- and m-calpain in regenerating fast and slow twitch skeletal muscles.

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Moraczewski ◽  
E Piekarska ◽  
M Zimowska ◽  
M Sobolewska
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Edl Muscle ◽  
Calpain Ii ◽  
Complete Regeneration

Calpains--non-lysosomal intracellular calcium-activated neutral proteinases, form a family consisting of several distinct members. Two of the isoenzymes: mu (calpain I) and m (calpain II) responded differently to the injury during complete regeneration of Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle and partial regeneration of Soleus muscle. In the crushed EDL the level of m-calpain on the 3rd and 7th day of regeneration was higher than in non-operated muscles, whereas the activity of this calpain in injured Soleus decreased. The level of mu-calpain in EDL oscillated irregularly during regeneration whereas in Soleus of both injured and contralateral muscles its level rapidly rose. Our results support the hypothesis that m-calpain is involved in the process of fusion of myogenic cells whereas mu-calpain plays a significant but indirect role in muscle regeneration.

scholarly journals Isolation of Type I and Type II Pericytes from Mouse Skeletal Muscles

10.3791/55904 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Nirwane ◽  
Jyoti Gautam ◽  
Yao Yao
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii

scholarly journals Regional Blood—Brain Glucose Transfer in the Rat: A Novel Double-Membrane Kinetic Analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Cunningham ◽  
Richard J. Hargreaves ◽  
David Pelling ◽  
Stephen R. Moorhouse
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Brain Glucose ◽  
Glucose Transfer ◽  
Membrane Pores ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats ◽  
Glucose Phosphorylation

Regional blood–brain glucose transfer was studied in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats using a programmed intravenous infusion technique that maintained steady levels of unlabeled (up to 55 m M) and tracer d-glucose in the circulating plasma. Regional cerebral blood flow, glucose phosphorylation rate, and tissue glucose content were also measured under comparable conditions. Data were analysed in terms of irreversible Michaelis–Menten kinetics assuming independent influx and efflux (Type I) and reversible Michaelis–Menten kinetics (Type II) across both the luminal and the abluminal membranes of the endothelial cell. The latter analysis corresponds to simple stereospecific membrane pores. The mathematical model allowed for changes in tissue glucose content and back-diffusion of tracer during the experiments. Type I analyses gave Kt values of ∼6.6 m M, whereas those by Type II were consistently lower. Interregional differences were not significant using either scheme. Comparison of Type II with Type I analyses revealed a possible explanation for discrepancies in the estimates of nonsaturable glucose transfer by different methods and highlighted the importance of tissue glucose measurements in studies of unidirectional glucose influx. Since the experimental data may be described equally well by either scheme and some interaction between influx and efflux across the endothelial cell might be expected, consideration of this alternative approach is suggested.

Muscular enlargement and number of fibers in skeletal muscles of rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Gollnick ◽  
B. F. Timson ◽  
R. L. Moore ◽  
M. Riedy
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Surgical Ablation ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Muscle ◽  
Direct Counts

The effect of muscular enlargement produced by surgical ablation of a synergist and the combination of synergist ablation and exercise on the number of fibers in the soleus (S), plantaris (P), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of the rat was studied. The number of fibers per muscle was determined by direct counts of individual fibers dissected from HNO3-treated muscles. Ablation of a synergist produced average enlargements of about 25, 45, and 29% for the S, P, and EDL muscles, respectively. Exercise and synergist ablation produced increases in wet weight to about 44 and 88% for the S and P muscles, respectively, whereas no further increases were observed in the EDL muscles. Intra-animal comparisons revealed that no differences existed for total fiber number or the incidence of fibers with bifurcations between the enlarged and contralateral control muscles. The difference in dry weight of fibers from the enlarged as compared with control muscles was closely correlated to differences in total muscle wet weight. These data demonstrate that hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia was responsible for increases from 10 to over 100% in the weight of skeletal muscles.

scholarly journals Effects of re-feeding after prolonged starvation on pyruvate dehydrogenase activities in heart, diaphragm and selected skeletal muscles of the rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. 669-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Sugden ◽  
M J Holness
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Prolonged Starvation ◽  
Adductor Longus

We investigated the capacity for pyruvate oxidation in skeletal muscle, diaphragm and heart after starvation and re-feeding. Starvation for 48 h decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in soleus (by 47%), extensor digitorum longus (64%), gastrocnemius (86%), diaphragm (87%), adductor longus (90%), tibialis anterior (92%) and heart (99%). Chow re-feeding increased PDH activity in all muscles to 43-78% of the fed value within 2 h. However, complete re-activation was not observed for at least 4-6 h, during which time hepatic glycogen was replenished. We discuss the importance of muscle PDH activity in relation to sparing carbohydrate for hepatic glycogen synthesis.

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