Identical Effects of Indomethacin on Renal Function in Healthy Uninephrectomized Subjects and in Healthy Control Subjects

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Nielsen ◽  
S. S. Sørensen ◽  
E. B. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Remnant Kidney

1. Animal studies have shown that prostaglandins are important for renal function after unilateral nephrectomy. In order to investigate the importance of prostaglandins for renal function in the fully adapted remnant kidney in healthy uninephrectomized subjects, the acute effects of indomethacin on renal haemodynamics, lithium clearance, urinary excretion rates of prostaglandin E2, sodium and water, and plasma levels of angiotensin II, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide and arginine vasopressin were measured in 14 healthy uninephrectomized subjects (median time after nephrectomy 1.7 years) and in 14 matched healthy control subjects. In addition, nine healthy control subjects were studied without indomethacin and served as a time-control group. 2. Before indomethacin ingestion there was a significantly higher single-kidney urinary excretion rate of prostaglandin E2 in the uninephrectomized group (uninephrectomized group, 349.2 fmol/min; control group, 76.6 fmol/min; time-control group, 96.3 fmol/min). 3. Indomethacin ingestion resulted in equal changes in all parameters in both groups. These were significant decreases in glomerular filtration rate (−11.3% versus −14.6%), renal plasma flow (−6.5% versus −13.0%), urinary flow rate (−49.8% versus −49.4%), fractional sodium excretion (−44.5% versus −47.4%), lithium clearance (−33.2% versus −23.8%) and urinary excretion rate of prostaglandin E2 (−93.8% versus −86.7%) (uninephrectomized versus control subjects, values are medians). In the time-control group no changes were observed in these parameters. 4. It is concluded that healthy uninephrectomized subjects with a fully adapted remnant kidney have a normal renal response to acute indomethacin-induced inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

Urinary Excretion Rate of Antithrombin III Related Antigen in Cerebral Stroke

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 305-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Matsuo ◽  
K Shinomiya ◽  
S Okuno ◽  
C Matsuo ◽  
O Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Cerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Thrombosis ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Healthy Control

SummaryThe urinary excretion rate of antithrombin III related antigen (AT III RA) was examined in cerebral stroke. The excretion rate of AT III RA in cerebral hemorrhage (CH) was 12.33 ± 1.61 × 10-4 ml/min. The patients with CH were further classified into two groups: in group CH-I, whose consciousness state was stupor or further deteriorated including coma on admission, the excretion rate of AT III RA was 18.08 ± 2.50 × 10-4 ml/min. In group CH-II, whose consciousness state was clear on admission, the excretion rate of AT III RA was significantly lower than that in CH-I (6.20 ± 1.56 × 10-4 ml/min). The excretion rate in cerebral thrombosis (CT) was 1.96 ± 0.25 × 10-4 ml/min, which was significantly lower than that in CH. The excretion rate of AT III RA in both CH and CT was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (0.29 ± 0.04 × 10-4 ml/min). Thus, AT III may change dynamically in cerebral stroke.

Comparative effects of diuretics and atrial peptide in chronic caval dogs

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (4) ◽  
pp. F768-F774
Author(s):  
M. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Na Transport ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Natriuretic Effect ◽  
Diuretic Agents ◽  
Resistance To Diuretics ◽  
Transport Site

Anesthetized chronic caval dogs with ascites were given atrial natriuretic peptide (ANF) at 75 ng.kg-1.min-1 iv and were characterized as to natriuretic response [n = 21; urinary excretion rate of Na (UNaV): 28-362 mu eq/min] or lack of response (n = 14; UNaV: 0-10 mu eq/min). Sixteen normal dogs showed an increment in UNaV between 38 and 288 mu eq/min following the same dose of ANF. Both caval "responders" and "nonresponders" were equivalent with regard to pre- and post-ANF hemodynamics and renal function. When various diuretic agents (glucagon, acetazolamide, furosemide, thiazide, amiloride) were administered, equivalent natriuretic responses were obtained between both groups of caval dogs and the controls. An acute saline load (7% body wt), however, produced a greater natriuresis in controls than in caval dogs, but in this latter group the response was similar in responders and nonresponders. When six caval dogs each were initially pretreated with either amiloride or ANF, and then treated with a second agent, an additive natriuretic effect was obtained. These results suggest that tubular resistance to diuretics in caval dogs is unique to ANF, and this peptide appears to act at an additional Na transport site separate from amiloride-inhibitable channels.

Increased renal endothelin production in rats with reduced renal mass

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. F331-F339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Benigni ◽  
N. Perico ◽  
F. Gaspari ◽  
C. Zoja ◽  
L. Bellizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Mass ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Renal Cortical Tissue ◽  
Progressive Renal Disease ◽  
Remnant Kidney ◽  
Stimulation Of

Renal endothelin (ET) production was investigated in rats after renal mass ablation, a model of progressive renal disease characterized by glomerular hemodynamic alterations and capillary thrombosis, and in sham-operated animals. Thrombin stimulation of renal cortical tissue from rats with renal mass reduction, 45 but not 7 days after surgery, generated significantly (P less than 0.01) more ET than tissue from sham-operated animals. Exposure to thrombin of isolated glomeruli from remnant but not sham kidneys also significantly (P less than 0.01) increased ET production compared with unstimulated glomeruli. At day 45, in rats with renal mass ablation ET plasma levels were numerically lower, whereas urinary excretion rate of ET was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased compared with sham-operated animals. After a 50-min intravenous infusion of 125I-ET to normal rats and animals with renal mass ablation, less than 0.3% and 0.03%, respectively, of total infused radioactivity was recovered in urine. These results indicate that thrombin-stimulated ET production by renal cortical tissues is increased in rats with renal mass reduction. Despite normal or low-normal plasma ET levels, urinary excretion of the peptide is markedly increased in this model. The exogenously labeled ET added to circulation is not excreted by the kidney, suggesting that enhanced urinary excretion rate would reflect an increased renal production of the peptide in rats with remnant kidney.

scholarly journals Circulating tumour DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis using digital droplet PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052199296
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Yanjun Diao ◽  
Jiayun Liu ◽  
Jinjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Droplet Pcr ◽  
Healthy Control

Objective To evaluate the performance of a DNA methylation-based digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to detect aberrant DNA methylation in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and to determine its application in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The present study recruited patients with liver-related diseases and healthy control subjects. Blood samples were used for the extraction of cfDNA, which was then bisulfite converted and the extent of DNA methylation quantified using a ddPCR platform. Results A total of 97 patients with HCC, 80 healthy control subjects and 46 patients with chronic hepatitis B/C virus infection were enrolled in the study. The level of cfDNA in the HCC group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group. For the detection of HCC, based on a cut-off value of 15.7% for the cfDNA methylation ratio, the sensitivity and specificity were 78.57% and 89.38%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 85.27%, the positive predictive value was 81.91% and the negative predictive value was 87.20%. The positive likelihood ratio of 15.7% in HCC diagnosis was 7.40, while the negative likelihood ratio was 0.24. Conclusions A sensitive methylation-based assay might serve as a liquid biopsy test for diagnosing HCC.

Direct Proportionality of Urinary Excretion Rate and Serum Level of Tetracycline in Human Subjects

Nature ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 198 (4879) ◽  
pp. 450-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. CHULSKI ◽  
R. H. JOHNSON ◽  
C. A. SCHLAGEL ◽  
J. G. WAGNER
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Direct Proportionality

Compartmental transfer of mercury released from amalgam

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Halbach ◽  
L. Kremers ◽  
H. Willruth ◽  
A. Mehl ◽  
G. Welzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Amalgam Fillings

The number of amalgam-covered surfaces and the occlusal area of the fillings, the concentrations of total mercury in plasma, erythrocytes and urine, the urinary excretion rate, and the absorbed daily doses estimated by two separate methods from intra-oral Hg emission were determined in 29 volunteers with a low amalgam load. The transfer ofHg from the fillings via the oral cavity and blood to urinary excretion was evaluated by multiple correla tions between these variables. In addition, the combina tion of variables most representative of the entire compartmental transfer of amalgam Hg was determined. Urinary excretion (1), Hg concentration in plasma (2) and absorbed dose (3) were most closely correlated to each other, followed by correlations with the variables of the fillings (4). Correlation coefficients were 0.75 for variables 1 vs 2 and 2 vs 3, and 0.49 for variables 3 vs 4. It was concluded that variables 1-3 best reflected the transfer of mercury from amalgam fillings throughout the organism and that they were relatively insensitive to dietary mercury. The determination of total mercury in plasma and of its urinary excretion rate appears, under practical aspects, most suitable for the investigation of Hg uptake from amalgam.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Enhances the Angiotensin (Ang)-(1–7) Vasodilator Response in Mesenteric Arteries and Increases the Renal Concentration and Urinary Excretion of Ang-(1–7)

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (8) ◽  
pp. 3338-3343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liomar A. A. Neves ◽  
Aleck F. Williams ◽  
David B. Averill ◽  
Carlos M. Ferrario ◽  
Michael P. Walkup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Cardiovascular Regulation ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels

Abstract The vasoactive effect of angiotensin (Ang)-(1–7) in mesenteric resistance arteries together with its plasma and kidney concentration and urinary excretion was assessed in pregnant and virgin rats. Mesenteric arteries (230–290 μm) were mounted in a pressurized myograph system and Ang-(1–7) concentration-dependent response curves (10−10–10−5m) were determined in arteries preconstricted with endothelin-1 (10−7m). The Ang-(1–7) response was investigated in vessels with and without pretreatment with the Ang-(1–7) antagonist [d-[Ala7]-Ang-(1–7)] (10−7m). Ang-(1–7) caused a significantly enhanced, concentration-dependent dilation of mesenteric vessels (EC50 = 2.7 nm) from pregnant compared with virgin female rats. d-[Ala7]-Ang-(1–7) eliminated the vasodilator effect of Ang-(1–7). There was no significant change in plasma concentration of Ang-(1–7) in pregnant animals. On the other hand, 24 h urinary excretion and kidney concentration of Ang-(1–7) were significantly higher in pregnant animals. The increased mesenteric dilation to Ang-(1–7) with enhanced kidney concentration and 24 h urinary excretion rate of Ang-(1–7) suggests an important role for this peptide in cardiovascular regulation during pregnancy.

Functional significance of exaggerated renal thromboxane A2 synthesis induced by cyclosporin A

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (4) ◽  
pp. F581-F587 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Perico ◽  
A. Benigni ◽  
C. Zoja ◽  
F. Delaini ◽  
G. Remuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Acid Clearance ◽  
Selective Increase

Animals and humans undergoing a chronic treatment with cyclosporin A (CyA) show a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The cause of this abnormality has not been established. Since CyA interferes with arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in various cells, we wished to determine whether alterations in renal AA metabolites contribute to deteriorating renal function in rats on CyA. We show that chronic CyA treatment induces a progressive increase in the renal synthesis of thromboxane (TX) A2. This is a selective abnormality in that CyA does not influence the renal synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2). A significant negative correlation has been found between TXB2 urinary excretion rate and inulin clearance. No correlation has been observed between TXB2 excretion and p-aminohippuric acid clearance. The withdrawal of CyA is followed by a normalization of both TXB2 urinary excretion rate and GFR. The administration of a selective TXA2 inhibitor, UK-38,485, resulted in a significant reduction in urinary excretion of TXB2 accompanied by a significant increase in GFR. We conclude that chronic treatment with CyA in rats is associated with a selective increase in renal TXA2 synthesis and suggest that this abnormality may play a role in the reduction of GFR.

Urinary Excretion Rate of Guanidinoacetic Acid in Essential Hypertension

Guanidines 2 ◽  
1989 ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Takano ◽  
Fumitake Gejyo ◽  
Yoshio Shirokane ◽  
Moto-o Nakajima ◽  
Masaaki Arakawa
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid

scholarly journals Nrf2 Dysregulation in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e2074
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghanbarirad ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Saberi ◽  
Ahmad Majd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Nrf2 Expression

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are two of the most important mental disorders that greatly impact different aspects of life. These conditions imply heavy health and economic burden and are heterogeneous in nature. Inflammation is reported as the etiology of mental disorders. Nrf2 transcription factor plays a key role in the defense mechanisms against inflammation and oxidative stress. So, this study aimed to evaluate the expression level of Nrf2 in MDD and BPD patients and compared it with healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods: In this study, real-time PCR was conducted to evaluate the expression level of Nrf2 in 100 MDD and 100 BPD patients compared to 100 healthy control subjects. Statistical analysis conducted on GraphPad Prism 8 and SPSS21 included ANOVA, Tukey’s test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and odds ratio. Results: Results suggest a significant downregulation of Nrf2 in these conditions compared to the control group. ROC curve analysis demonstrates Nrf2 as a biomarker of these psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: The elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and downregulation of detoxifying enzymes were observed in MDD and BPD, which can be associated with the downregulation of Nrf2. Concerning its role in inflammatory response pathways, alternation of Nrf2 expression can be associated with the pathology of these conditions.

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