Different contribution of interleukin-6 and cortisol activity to total plasma fibrin concentration and to acute mental stress-induced fibrin formation

2005 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland von KÄNEL ◽  
Brigitte M. KUDIELKA ◽  
Dirk HANEBUTH ◽  
Daniel PRECKEL ◽  
Joachim E. FISCHER
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Fibrin Formation ◽  
D Dimer

Acute mental stress may contribute to atherosclerosis by affecting inflammation and coagulation; however, the crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation during stress has not been studied. In the present study, we investigated the association of plasma fibrinogen, plasma IL-6 (interleukin-6) and free salivary cortisol with the procoagulant marker D-dimer reflecting fibrin formation both over a 2-h period and in response to acute mental stress. Twenty-one male volunteers (mean age, 47±8 years) underwent the Trier Social Stress Test combining a 3-min preparation phase, a 5-min job interview and 5-min mental arithmetic test before an audience. IL-6, fibrinogen, D-dimer and cortisol were measured immediately before and after stress, and after 45 min and 105 min of recovery from stress. Two distinct areas under the curve were computed to obtain integrated measures of total protein activity over the entire 2-h period and of stress reactivity of proteins. IL-6 (P<0.001), fibrinogen (P=0.001), D-dimer (P=0.021) and cortisol (P<0.001) had all significantly changed across the four time points assessed, as determined by ANOVA. For the entire 2-h period, total fibrinogen activity (R2=0.33, P=0.007) and total cortisol activity (ΔR2=0.17, P=0.034) explained 50% of the variance in total D-dimer activity. Stress-induced changes in fibrinogen (R2=0.47, P=0.001) and IL-6 (ΔR2=0.18, P=0.008) together explained 65% of the variance in D-dimer reactivity to stress. Total fibrin formation was independently predicted by fibrinogen and hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal activity. Pro-inflammatory and procoagulant changes with stress were associated. Aside from fibrinogen reactivity, IL-6 reactivity was an independent predictor of stress-induced fibrin formation.

scholarly journals Acceptance lowers stress reactivity: Dismantling mindfulness training in a randomized controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K Lindsay ◽  
Shinzen Young ◽  
Joshua M Smyth ◽  
Kirk Warren Brown ◽  
J. David Creswell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Regulation Mechanism

Objective: Mindfulness interventions, which train practitioners to monitor their present-moment experience with a lens of acceptance, are known to buffer stress reactivity. Little is known about the active mechanisms driving these effects. We theorize that acceptance is a critical emotion regulation mechanism underlying mindfulness stress reduction effects. Method: In this three-arm parallel trial, mindfulness components were dismantled into three structurally equivalent 15-lesson smartphone-based interventions: (1) training in both monitoring and acceptance (Monitor+Accept), (2) training in monitoring only (Monitor Only), or (3) active control training (Coping control). 153 stressed adults (mean age = 32 years; 67% female; 53% white, 21.5% black, 21.5% Asian, 4% other race) were randomly assigned to complete one of three interventions. After the intervention, cortisol, blood pressure, and subjective stress reactivity were assessed using a modified Trier Social Stress Test. Results: As predicted, Monitor+Accept training reduced cortisol and systolic blood pressure reactivity compared to Monitor Only and control trainings. Participants in all three conditions reported moderate levels of subjective stress.Conclusions: This study provides the first experimental evidence that brief smartphone mindfulness training can impact stress biology, and that acceptance training drives these effects. We discuss implications for basic and applied research in contemplative science, emotion regulation, stress and coping, health, and clinical interventions.

scholarly journals Acceptance lowers stress reactivity: Dismantling mindfulness training in a randomized controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K Lindsay ◽  
Shinzen Young ◽  
Joshua M Smyth ◽  
Kirk Warren Brown ◽  
J. David Creswell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Regulation Mechanism

Objective: Mindfulness interventions, which train practitioners to monitor their present-moment experience with a lens of acceptance, are known to buffer stress reactivity. Little is known about the active mechanisms driving these effects. We theorize that acceptance is a critical emotion regulation mechanism underlying mindfulness stress reduction effects. Method: In this three-arm parallel trial, mindfulness components were dismantled into three structurally equivalent 15-lesson smartphone-based interventions: (1) training in both monitoring and acceptance (Monitor+Accept), (2) training in monitoring only (Monitor Only), or (3) active control training (Coping control). 153 stressed adults (mean age = 32 years; 67% female; 53% white, 21.5% black, 21.5% Asian, 4% other race) were randomly assigned to complete one of three interventions. After the intervention, cortisol, blood pressure, and subjective stress reactivity were assessed using a modified Trier Social Stress Test. Results: As predicted, Monitor+Accept training reduced cortisol and systolic blood pressure reactivity compared to Monitor Only and control trainings. Participants in all three conditions reported moderate levels of subjective stress.Conclusions: This study provides the first experimental evidence that brief smartphone mindfulness training can impact stress biology, and that acceptance training drives these effects. We discuss implications for basic and applied research in contemplative science, emotion regulation, stress and coping, health, and clinical interventions.

scholarly journals Beta-adrenergic Modulation of Cognitive Flexibility during Stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Alexander ◽  
Ashleigh Hillier ◽  
Ryan M. Smith ◽  
Madalina E. Tivarus ◽  
David Q. Beversdorf
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Locus Ceruleus ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Remote Associates Test

Stress-induced activation of the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system produces significant cognitive and behavioral effects, including enhanced arousal and attention. Improvements in discrimination task performance and memory have been attributed to this stress response. In contrast, for other cognitive functions that require cognitive flexibility, increased activity of the LC-NE system may produce deleterious effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of pharmacological modulation of the LC-NE system on stress-induced impairments in cognitive flexibility performance in healthy individuals. Cognitive performance, plus psychological and physiological parameters for 16 adults without any history of anxiety disorders, was assessed during four test sessions: stress and no-stress, with each condition tested after administration of propranolol and placebo. The Trier Social Stress Test, a public-speaking and mental arithmetic stressor, was presented to participants for the stress sessions, whereas a similar, but nonstressful, control task (reading, counting) was utilized for the no-stress sessions. Tests of cognitive flexibility included lexical-semantic and associative problem-solving tasks (anagrams, Compound Remote Associates Test). Visuo-spatial memory and motor processing speed tests served as control tasks. Results indicate that (1) stress impaired performance on cognitive flexibility tasks, but not control tasks; (2) compared to placebo, cognitive flexibility improved during stress with propranolol. Therefore, psychological stress, such as public speaking, negatively impacts performance on tasks requiring cognitive flexibility in normal individuals, and this effect is reversed by beta-adrenergic antagonism. This may provide support for the hypothesis that stress-related impairments in cognitive flexibility are related to the noradrenergic system.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Stress Reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test in Virtual Reality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Liu ◽  
Wenjuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Stress Group

Abstract Background: The aim of the present study is to investigate the sex differences in stress reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in a virtual reality(TSST-VR). Methods: Healthy young male (n = 30) and female (n = 30) undergraduates were randomly assigned to a psychosocial stress protocol (TSST) condition or to a non-stressful control condition (Placebo-TSST) under VR. Electrodermal activity (EDA), heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured throughout the study. The subjective scales of stress and emotion were also conducted. Results: The results showed that after VR, the stress group reported higher stress perceptions than the non-stress group. Compared with females, the males stronger EDA and higher HRV before the VR, and lower HR during VR as well as higher HRV after VR. The correlation between subjective and objective reactivity demonstrated that HRV during VR was negatively correlated to depression and negative affect. The HRV after VR was negatively correlated to the positive coping but was positively correlated to the depression. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the TSST-VR could be used as an available tool for testing gender differences to social stress induction in experimental settings. Compared with females, males were more sensitive to stress.

scholarly journals Measuring stress reactivity in the home: Preliminary findings from a version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-H) appropriate for field-based research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriah Lee DeJoseph ◽  
Eric D. Finegood ◽  
Cybele Raver ◽  
Clancy B. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Initial Assessment

Stress induction paradigms are essential tools for studies investigating psychobiological mechanisms linking stress reactivity with mental and physical health outcomes, especially among youth growing up in high-stress contexts such as poverty. However, standardized stress paradigms aimed at measuring stress reactivity are limited to laboratory settings and have mostly been conducted in small samples of convenience. The aim of the current study is to present a version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) adapted for administration in participants’ homes appropriate for administration in large-scale, population-based samples. We address issues related to the feasibility of administration and present preliminary evidence of the validity of the home-based TSST (TSST-H) in a subsample (n = 100) of adolescents (12-13 years) participating in the Family Life Project (N = 1,292). Measures of stress physiology included salivary cortisol, alpha amylase, and blood pressure, assessed at baseline, 5 minutes post, 20 minutes post, and 40 minutes post task. Importantly, administration of the TSST-H procedure was successful among 93% of our sample after accounting for participant refusals and significant distractions in the home. We also found preliminary evidence that the TSST-H elicited an autonomic response, reflected by statistically significant increases in salivary alpha amylase and diastolic blood pressure post task. Our initial assessment indicates that the TSST-H can be effectively implemented in field based settings with hard to reach populations.

scholarly journals β-Eudesmol, an Oxygenized Sesquiterpene, Reduces the Increase in Saliva 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylglycol After the “Trier Social Stress Test” in Healthy Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Ohara ◽  
Akane Misaizu ◽  
Yuji Kaneko ◽  
Takafumi Fukuda ◽  
Mika Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Humans

Hops, the immature inflorescences of the female hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) are one of the main components of beer and provides flavor and bitterness. β-Eudesmol, an oxygenated sesquiterpene, is reported to accumulate in a particular hop cultivar. Recently, we revealed that β-Eudesmol ingestion affected autonomic nerve activity in an animal model. The effect on humans has not been elucidated, therefore, we investigated the effects of β-Eudesmol on reducing objective and subjective markers related to sympathetic nerve activity after the application of mental stress in healthy participants. Fifty participants (male and female aged 20 to 50 years) were randomly assigned to two groups. Five minutes before taking the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) as a mental stressor, participants in each group ingested a beverage containing β-Eudesmol, the active beverage, or a placebo beverage that did not contain β-Eudesmol. Saliva 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), a major product of noradrenaline breakdown and a representative marker of sympathetic nerve activity, was significantly lower just after the TSST in the active group compared with the placebo group. Saliva cortisol, a marker of the endocrine stress response system, was not significantly different between the two groups. No adverse events related to test beverage ingestion were observed. This is the first experimental evidence of β-Eudesmol effect for mental stress in human.

Fasting reduces plasma interleukin-6 responses to the trier social stress test

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. e22
Author(s):  
L.C. Hanlin ◽  
J. Price ◽  
G. Zhang ◽  
N. Assaf ◽  
J.R. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test

scholarly journals Developmental changes in hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal activity over the transition to adolescence: Normative changes and associations with puberty

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan R. Gunnar ◽  
Sandi Wewerka ◽  
Kristin Frenn ◽  
Jeffrey D. Long ◽  
Christopher Griggs
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Sympathetic Modulation ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Depressed Symptoms ◽  
Child Depressive Symptoms

AbstractHome baseline and laboratory stressor (Trier Social Stress Test for Children) measures of salivary cortisol were obtained from 82 participants (40 girls) aged 9, 11, 13, and 15 years. Measures of pubertal development, self-reported stress, parent reports of child depressive symptoms and fearful temperament, and cardiac measures of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity were also obtained. Significant increases in the home cortisol baselines were found with age and pubertal development. Cortisol stress reactivity differed by age group with 11-year-olds and 13-year-old boys showing blunted reactivity and 9-year-olds, 13-year-old girls, and 15-year-olds showing significant cortisol reactions. Cortisol reactivity correlated marginally with sexual maturation. Measures of sympathetic activity revealed increased sympathetic modulation with age. Higher sympathetic tone was associated with more fearful temperament, whereas greater cortisol reactivity was associated with more anxious and depressed symptoms for girls. The importance of these findings for the hypothesis that puberty-associated increases in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity heightens the risk of psychopathology is discussed.

scholarly journals The late positive potentials evoked by negative emotional pictures predict autonomic responses to an acute psychosocial stressor in healthy adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Duan ◽  
Zhuxi Yao ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Nils Kohn ◽  
Jianhui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Psychosocial Stressor ◽  
Autonomic Responses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Individuals vary substantially in their response to an acute stressor. Identifying the factors contributing to these individual differences in stress reactivity is of particular interest but still remains largely unknown in the stress and resilience domain. The present study aimed to investigate whether and how brain reactivity to negative stimuli during a non-stressful state could predict autonomic and neuroendocrine stress responses to an acute psychosocial stressor in healthy adults. To address this issue, fifty-two healthy young adults were recruited to view negative or neutral pictures while their electroencephalogram was recorded during a non-stressful state on the first experimental day. On the second experimental day, their autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) were measured. Results showed that increased late positive potential (LPP) to negative relative to neutral pictures was significantly associated with higher heart rate response but not with the cortisol response to acute social stress. These results implicate greater neural reactivity to negative stimuli as a physiological marker of heightened acute autonomic responses. These findings may help identify individuals who are at increased risk of developing negative outcomes under stress.

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