scholarly journals Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-523
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
African Region ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria

Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite that causes the most severe form of human malaria. Five other Plasmodium species can also infect humans — P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale curtisi, P. ovale wallikeri and P. knowlesi — but P. falciparum is the most prevalent Plasmodium species in the African region, where 90% of all malaria occurs, and it is this species that causes the great majority of malaria deaths. These were reported by the WHO at 438 000 in 2015 from an estimated 214 million cases; importantly, however, figures for the global burden of malaria tend to have wide margins of error due to poor and inaccurate reporting. In this Perspective, features of P. falciparum that are unique among human malaria parasites are highlighted, and current issues surrounding the control and treatment of this major human pathogen are discussed.

scholarly journals Non-human primate and human malaria: past, present and future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spinello Antinori ◽  
Cecilia Bonazzetti ◽  
Andrea Giacomelli ◽  
Mario Corbellino ◽  
Massimo Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Zoonotic Malaria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Plasmodium ◽  
Human Primate

Abstract Background Studies of the malaria parasites infecting various non-human primates (NHPs) have increased our understanding of the origin, biology and pathogenesis of human Plasmodium parasites. This review considers the major discoveries concerning NHP malaria parasites, highlights their relationships with human malaria and considers the impact that this may have on attempts to eradicate the disease. Results The first description of NHP malaria parasites dates back to the early 20th century. Subsequently, experimental and fortuitous findings indicating that some NHP malaria parasites can be transmitted to humans have raised concerns about the possible impact of a zoonotic malaria reservoir on efforts to control human malaria. Advances in molecular techniques over the last 15 years have contributed greatly to our knowledge of the existence and geographical distribution of numerous Plasmodium species infecting NHPs, and extended our understanding of their close phylogenetic relationships with human malaria parasites. The clinical application of such techniques has also made it possible to document ongoing spillovers of NHP malaria parasites (Plasmodium knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. simium, P. brasilianum) in humans living in or near the forests of Asia and South America, thus confirming that zoonotic malaria can undermine efforts to eradicate human malaria. Conclusions Increasing molecular research supports the prophetic intuition of the pioneers of modern malariology who saw zoonotic malaria as a potential obstacle to the full success of malaria eradication programmes. It is, therefore, important to continue surveillance and research based on one-health approaches in order to improve our understanding of the complex interactions between NHPs, mosquito vectors and humans during a period of ongoing changes in the climate and the use of land, monitor the evolution of zoonotic malaria, identify the populations most at risk and implement appropriate preventive strategies.

Prediction of human Plasmodium sex specific gene by homology search: a systematic review and meta-synthesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Odaka ◽  
Amen Sassy ◽  
Shymmaa Khatab ◽  
Linh Tran ◽  
Khaled Ismaeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Homology Search ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Human Plasmodium

Human Plasmodium species have a sex specific process in the life cycle namely gametocytogenesis or gametogenesis. Gametocytes production and subsequent gametes zygosis are critical for malaria parasites to link to mosquito stage and to merge to sexual reproduction. Here, we aimed at the identification of genes related to gametocytogenesis or gametogenesis in human malaria using systematic review, meta-synthesis and homology search. Based on our search terms, we conducted a systematic search of published data in nine databases resulting in 96 finally included papers with a total of 255 genes from apicomplexan species. We found more papers involved in Plasmodium than we had expected, which reflects that the extensive amount of research on Plasmodium genes have been examined. Subsequently we searched sequence homology between FASTA sequences of apicomplexan sex specific genes other than human malaria parasites and those of human malaria parasites genome on PlasmoDB. We focused on eight candidate genes of Plasmodium falciparum (PF). Finally we predicted that PRPF6, SMC1 and SMC2 can be the especially promising candidate genes.

scholarly journals Long-Lived Antibody and B Cell Memory Responses to the Human Malaria Parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e1000770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiraprapa Wipasa ◽  
Chaisuree Suphavilai ◽  
Lucy C. Okell ◽  
Jackie Cook ◽  
Patrick H. Corran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Cell Memory ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
B Cell Memory

scholarly journals Apicoplast and Mitochondrion in Gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Okamoto ◽  
Timothy P. Spurck ◽  
Christopher D. Goodman ◽  
Geoffrey I. McFadden
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Live Cell Imaging ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Male Gametes

ABSTRACT Live cell imaging of human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum during gametocytogenesis revealed that the apicoplast does not grow, whereas the mitochondrion undergoes remarkable morphological development. A close connection of the two organelles is consistently maintained. The apicoplast and mitochondrion are not components of the male gametes, suggesting maternal inheritance.

scholarly journals Plasmodium Species and Drug Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sintayehu Tsegaye Tseha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Artemisinin Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
The World

Malaria is a leading public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries of the world. In 2019, there were an estimated 229 million malaria cases and 409, 000 deaths due malaria in the world. The objective of this chapter is to discuss about the different Plasmodium parasites that cause human malaria. In addition, the chapter discusses about antimalarial drugs resistance. Human malaria is caused by five Plasmodium species, namely P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. knowlesi. In addition to these parasites, malaria in humans may also arise from zoonotic malaria parasites, which includes P. inui and P. cynomolgi. The plasmodium life cycle involves vertebrate host and a mosquito vector. The malaria parasites differ in their epidemiology, virulence and drug resistance pattern. P. falciparum is the deadliest malaria parasite that causes human malaria. P. falciparum accounted for nearly all malarial deaths in 2018. One of the major challenges to control malaria is the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug-resistant Plasmodium parasites. The P. vivax and P. falciparum have already developed resistance against convectional antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and atovaquone. Chloroquine-resistance is connected with mutations in pfcr. Resistance to Sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine is associated with multiple mutations in pfdhps and pfdhfr genes. In response to the evolution of drug resistance Plasmodium parasites, artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have been used for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria since the beginning of 21th century. However, artemisinin resistant P. falciparum strains have been recently observed in different parts of the world, which indicates the possibility of the spread of artemisinin resistance to all over the world. Therefore, novel antimalarial drugs have to be searched so as to replace the ACTs if Plasmodium parasites develop resistance to ACTs in the future.

Culture of human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum

Nature ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 263 (5580) ◽  
pp. 767-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DAVID HAYNES ◽  
CARTER L. DIGGS ◽  
FRED A. HINES ◽  
ROBERT E. DESJARDINS
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria

scholarly journals The Basal Complex Protein PfMORN1 Is Not Required for Asexual Replication of Plasmodium falciparum

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen J. Moran ◽  
Jeffrey D. Dvorin
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Blood Stage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Basal Complex ◽  
Complex Protein

Plasmodium falciparum parasites cause the most severe form of human malaria. During the clinically relevant blood stage of its life cycle, the parasites divide via schizogony.

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