Changing Nonmainstream American English Use and Early Reading Achievement From Kindergarten to First Grade

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Patton Terry ◽  
Carol McDonald Connor
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
American English ◽  
Early Reading ◽  
First Grade

Phonological analysis as a function of age and exposure to reading instruction

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Bowey ◽  
J. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Early Reading ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Explained Variation ◽  
Grade Groups ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Equal Difficulty

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to test the prediction that, whereas sensitivity to subsyllabic phonological units might emerge prior to alphabetic reading instruction, phonemic analysis skills develop as a consequence of reading instruction. A series of phonological oddity tasks was devised, assessing children's sensitivity to subsyllabic onset and rime units, and to phonemes. These tasks were administered to three groups of children. The first group comprised the oldest children of a sample of kindergarten children. The second and third groups comprised the youngest and oldest children from a first-grade sample. The kindergarten group was equivalent to the younger first-grade group in terms of general verbal maturity, but had not been exposed to reading instruction. The younger first-grade sample was verbally less mature than the older first-grade sample, but had equivalent exposure to reading instruction. On all tasks, both first-grade groups performed at equivalent levels, and both groups did better than the kindergarten group. In all groups, onset and rime unity oddity tasks were of equal difficulty, but phoneme oddity tasks were more difficult than rime oddity tasks. Although some of the kindergarten children could reliably focus on onset and rime units, none performed above chance on the phoneme oddity tasks. Further analyses indicated that rime/onset oddity performance explained variation in very early reading achievement more reliably than phoneme oddity performance.

Prediction of First-Grade Reading Achievement: A Comparison of Fall and Winter Kindergarten Screenings

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne G. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Early Reading ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Rapid Automatized Naming ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Letter Identification ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was threefold: (a) to identify a combination of predictive measures that correlate with reading achievement, (b) to examine the predictive accuracy of these measures, and (c) to determine the most accurate time frame for test administration in kindergarten. One hundred and three kindergarten students from three schools participated over a period of two years. Measures representing letter identification, phonological awareness, phonological memory, and rapid automatized naming were administered in the fall and winter of the kindergarten year. Reading achievement was measured at the end of grade 1 using measures that included passage comprehension, fluency, sight-word recognition, and phonemic decoding. Five predictive models representing a combination of the predictive constructs were analyzed. The model combining letter identification, phonological awareness, and rapid automatized naming was identified as the best predictor of early reading achievement. There was no practical, significant difference between the fall and winter testing time frames. These findings hold important implications for predictive research by clarifying the importance of administering standardized measures that reflect the reading process. Most important, the results can provide practitioners with information for identifying the children most in need of early reading interventions.

Metalinguistic ability and early reading achievement

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Bowey ◽  
Rinu K. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Phonemic Awareness ◽  
Early Reading ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Syntactic Awareness ◽  
Word Decoding ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
Metalinguistic Ability

ABSTRACTThis study explored the conceptual status of metalinguistic ability by determining whether or not metalinguistic ability can account for variation in early reading achievement independently of more general language abilities. First-grade children were given a test battery assessing phonemic awareness, syntactic awareness, receptive vocabulary, syntactic proficiency, word decoding ability, and reading comprehension ability. Strong zero-order correlations were observed among all experimental measures. However, multiple regression analyses revealed that metalinguistic ability did not contribute to the prediction of early reading achievement when general language ability effects were statistically controlled.

Family, Neighborhood, and School Settings across Seasons: When Do Socioeconomic Context and Racial Composition Matter for the Reading Achievement Growth of Young Children?

2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1338-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Benson ◽  
Geoffrey D. Borman
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Young Children ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Reading Growth ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Achievement Growth ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background/Context Seasonal researchers have developed a theory and hypotheses regarding the importance of neighborhood and school contexts for early childhood learning but have not possessed nationally representative data and precise contextual measures with which to examine their hypotheses. Purpose/Research Questions This empirical study employs a seasonal perspective to assess the degree to which social context and race/ethnic composition—in neighborhoods and schools—affect the reading achievement growth of young children. The authors ask, Were there specific seasons when context and/or composition were particularly salient for reading achievement? Also, did accounting for context and composition challenge established appraisals of the relationship between family factors and achievement? Population Data for a nationally representative sample of students proceeding through kindergarten and first grade came from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K). Neighborhood social and race/ethnic measures came from the 2000 Census. Research Design: This quantitative study employs a three-level model that assesses reading achievement at school entry and during three subsequent seasons. The model represents reading achievement as a time-varying process at level 1, conditional upon family socio/demographic factors at level 2, and dependent on social context and race/ethnic composition at level 3. Findings/Results Neighborhood social context mattered substantially for students’ reading achievement levels at school entry and for their reading achievement growth during the summer. The proportion of neighborhood residents from minority race/ethnic groups was not associated with reading achievement at school entry or during the summer season. During the school year, school social context was associated with reading growth during kindergarten, and school social context and race/ethnic composition were associated with reading growth during first grade. Conclusions/Recommendations The magnitude and frequency of contextual effects found in this national sample have considerable implications for achieving educational equality in the United States. The authors recommend that policy makers attend to the quality of neighborhood and school settings as a means of promoting literacy development for young children.

Factorial and Predictive Validity of First Graders' Scores on the Early Reading Screening Instrument

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Perney ◽  
Darrell Morris ◽  
Stamey Carter
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Early Reading ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
School Year

The factorial and predictive validity of the Early Reading Screening Instrument was examined for 105 first grade students. Analysis indicated that the test is unidimensional and can predict first grade reading skills at the end of the school year with at least a moderate amount of accuracy. A previous study indicated predictive validity coefficients of .66 and .73 when the criteria were word recognition and reading comprehension. The current study yielded predictive validity coefficients of .67 and .70 for these criteria.

Early Conceptual Understanding of Cardinality Predicts Superior School-Entry Number-System Knowledge

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Geary ◽  
Kristy vanMarle ◽  
Felicia W. Chu ◽  
Jeffrey Rouder ◽  
Mary K. Hoard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Number System ◽  
School Entry ◽  
Number Words ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
System Knowledge

We demonstrate a link between preschoolers’ quantitative competencies and their school-entry knowledge of the relations among numbers (number-system knowledge). The quantitative competencies of 141 children (69 boys) were assessed at the beginning of preschool and throughout the next 2 years of preschool, as was their mathematics and reading achievement at the end of kindergarten and their number-system knowledge at the beginning of first grade. A combination of Bayes analyses and standard regressions revealed that the age at which the children had the conceptual insight that number words represent specific quantities (cardinal value) was strongly related to their later number-system knowledge and was more consistently related to broader mathematics than to reading achievement, controlling for intelligence, executive function, and parental education levels. The key implication is that it is not simply knowledge of cardinal value but the age of acquisition of this principle that is central to later mathematical development and school readiness.

Visual—Auditory matching of trigrams in first-grade and third-grade reading achievement

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-326
Author(s):  
Maurine A. Fry ◽  
Marilyn J. Haring ◽  
Joyce H. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Third Grade Reading
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