scholarly journals Cognitive Functions in Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Nijland ◽  
Hayo Terband ◽  
Ben Maassen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Sequential Memory ◽  
Symptom Complex

Purpose Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is diagnosed on the basis of specific speech characteristics, in the absence of problems in hearing, intelligence, and language comprehension. This does not preclude the possibility that children with this speech disorder might demonstrate additional problems. Method Cognitive functions were investigated in 3 domains: complex sensorimotor and sequential memory functions, simple sensorimotor functions, and nonrelated control functions. Seventeen children with CAS were compared with 17 children with normal speech development at 2 occasions within 15 months. Results The children with CAS showed overall lower scores but similar improvement at Occasion 2 compared with the typically developing controls, indicating an overall delay in the development of cognitive functions. However, a specific deviant development in sequential abilities was found as well, indicated by significantly lower scores at Occasion 2 as compared with younger control children at Occasion 1. Furthermore, the scores on the complex sensorimotor and sequential memory tasks were significantly correlated with the severity of the speech impairment. Conclusions These results suggest that CAS involves a symptom complex that not only comprises errors of sequencing speech movements but implicates comorbidity in nonverbal sequential functioning in most children with CAS.

scholarly journals Clinical Utility of Repeated Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonation for Patients with Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1106
Author(s):  
Jung-Hae Yun ◽  
So-Min Shin ◽  
Su-Min Son
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Intergroup Difference ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Articulation Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) causes inconstant oromotor production. We investigated the clinical efficacy of repeated urimal test of articulation and phonation (U-TAP) in CAS patients. Twenty-eight children were recruited: 19 with CAS and 9 with functional articulation disorder (FAD). Four age-matched typically developing children were also recruited. U-TAP was performed twice repeatedly, and the error rate of consonant accuracy (CA) was measured. Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES) was also performed. The mean U-TAP CA showed a significant difference between the three groups, with 42.04% for CAS, 77.92% for FAD, and 99.68% for the normal group (p < 0.05). The mean difference between the two U-TAP CAs was 10.01% for CAS, 0.82% for FAD, and no difference for the normal group, revealing a significant intergroup difference between CAS and FAD (p < 0.05). For the expressive and receptive PRES scores, CAS group showed significantly decreased results compared to FAD and normal group. Only in the CAS group, expressive PRES showed significant decrease rather than receptive PRES score. The CAS group showed a significant difference in the two U-TAP CA compared to the FAD and normal groups. This result implies that repeated U-TAP can be useful for supportive diagnostic tool for CAS by detecting poor reliability of phonation.

scholarly journals The Bouba-Kiki Effect in Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rinat Gold ◽  
Dina Klein ◽  
Osnat Segal
Keyword(s):  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: The bouba-kiki (BK) effect refers to associations between visual shapes and auditory pseudonames. Thus, when tested, people tend to associate the pseudowords bouba and kiki with round or spiky shapes, respectively. This association requires cross-modal sensory integration. The ability to integrate information from different sensory modalities is crucial for speech development. A clinical population that may be impaired in cross-modal sensory integration is children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The purpose of this study was to examine the involvement of cross-modal sensory integration in children with (CAS). Method: The BK effect was assessed in participants with CAS ( n = 18) and two control groups: One control group was composed of children with developmental language disorder (DLD), also termed specific language impairment ( n = 15), and a second group included typically developing (TD) children ( n = 22). The children were presented with 14 pairs of novel visual displays and nonwords. All the children were asked to state which shape and nonword correspond to one another. In addition, background cognitive (Leiter-3) and language measures (Hebrew PLS-4) were determined for all children. Results: Children in the CAS group were less successful in associating between visual shapes and corresponding auditory pseudonames (e.g., associating the spoken word “bouba” with a round shape; the spoken word “kiki” with a spiky shape). Thus, children with CAS demonstrated a statistically significant reduced BK effect compared with participants with TD and participants with DLD. No significant difference was found between the TD group and the DLD group. Conclusions: The reduced BK effect in children with CAS supports the notion that cross-modal sensory integration may be altered in these children. Cross-modal sensory integration is the basis for speech production. Thus, difficulties in sensory integration may contribute to speech difficulties in CAS.

The Effect of Practice on Variability in Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Multidimensional Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Julie Case ◽  
Maria I. Grigos
Keyword(s):  
Speech Sound ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Context Of Learning ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Variability has been interpreted in differing ways according to context (e.g., development, speech impairment, and learning). A challenge arises when interpreting variability in the context of learning for children with speech impairment characterized by high movement variability, as in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The objective of this study is to investigate changes in variability in CAS with practice in comparison to patterns seen in children with non-CAS speech sound disorders (SSD) and typical development. Method Speech production variability was examined in 24 children (5–6 years of age) with CAS, non—CAS SSD, and typical development in production of nonwords of varied motoric complexity. Multidimensional analyses were performed using measures of token-to-token speech consistency (percent word consistency), acoustic variability (acoustic spatiotemporal index), and movement variability (lip aperture spatiotemporal index). Changes in variability were examined in each group of children by comparing the first half to the last half of nonword tokens in the same data collection session. The impact of token complexity on practice effects was also explored across groups of children. Results All children displayed increased speech consistency within this practice period ( p = .01). Only children with CAS displayed increased movement variability following practice ( p = .01). Differences in acoustic and kinematic variability were observed across complexity levels in all groups, though these did not interact with practice effects. Discussion These findings suggest that increased movement variability in children with CAS might be facilitating perceptual consistency. It is believed that this finding reflects an inefficient strategy adapted by children with CAS in the absence of motor-based cueing and feedback to guide speech performance with practice.

scholarly journals Oral Articulatory Control in Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Grigos ◽  
Aviva Moss ◽  
Ying Lu
Keyword(s):  
Word Length ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Movement Duration ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Lip Movement ◽  
Linguistic Challenges

Purpose The purpose of this research was to examine spatial and temporal aspects of articulatory control in children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), children with speech delay characterized by an articulation/phonological impairment (SD), and controls with typical development (TD) during speech tasks that increased in word length. Method The participants included 33 children (11 CAS, 11 SD, and 11 TD) between 3 and 7 years of age. A motion capture system was used to track jaw, lower lip, and upper lip movement during a naming task. Movement duration, velocity, displacement, and variability were measured from accurate word productions. Results Movement variability was significantly higher in the children with CAS compared with participants in the SD and TD groups. Differences in temporal control were seen between both groups of children with speech impairment and the controls with TD during accurate word productions. As word length increased, movement duration and variability differed between the children with CAS and those with SD. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that movement variability distinguishes children with CAS from speakers with SD. Kinematic differences between the participants with CAS and those with SD suggest that these groups respond differently to linguistic challenges.

scholarly journals Poor Speech Perception Is Not a Core Deficit of Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Preliminary Findings

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Zuk ◽  
Jenya Iuzzini-Seigel ◽  
Kathryn Cabbage ◽  
Jordan R. Green ◽  
Tiffany P. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Core Deficit ◽  
Language Assessments ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is hypothesized to arise from deficits in speech motor planning and programming, but the influence of abnormal speech perception in CAS on these processes is debated. This study examined speech perception abilities among children with CAS with and without language impairment compared to those with language impairment, speech delay, and typically developing peers. Method Speech perception was measured by discrimination of synthesized speech syllable continua that varied in frequency (/dɑ/–/ɡɑ/). Groups were classified by performance on speech and language assessments and compared on syllable discrimination thresholds. Within-group variability was also evaluated. Results Children with CAS without language impairment did not significantly differ in syllable discrimination compared to typically developing peers. In contrast, those with CAS and language impairment showed significantly poorer syllable discrimination abilities compared to children with CAS only and typically developing peers. Children with speech delay and language impairment also showed significantly poorer discrimination abilities, with appreciable within-group variability. Conclusions These findings suggest that speech perception deficits are not a core feature of CAS but rather occur with co-occurring language impairment in a subset of children with CAS. This study establishes the significance of accounting for language ability in children with CAS. Supplemental Materials https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5848056

scholarly journals Motor speech impairment predicts expressive language in minimally verbal, but not low verbal, individuals with autism spectrum disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239694151985633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Chenausky ◽  
Amanda Brignell ◽  
Angela Morgan ◽  
Helen Tager-Flusberg
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Minimally Verbal ◽  
Motor Speech

Background and aims Developmental motor speech impairment has been suspected, but rarely systematically examined, in low- and minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder. We aimed to investigate the extent of motor speech impairment in this population and its relation to number of different words produced during a semi-structured language sample. Methods Videos of 54 low-verbal and minimally verbal individuals (ages 4;4–18;10) performing portions of a speech praxis test were coded for signs of motor speech impairment (e.g., childhood apraxia of speech). Age, autism spectrum disorder severity, nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary were compared between groups. Results Four groups emerged: (1) speech within normal limits ( n = 12), (2) non-childhood apraxia of speech impairment ( n = 16), (3) suspected childhood apraxia of speech ( n = 13), and (4) insufficient speech to rate ( n = 13). Groups differed significantly in nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary. Overall, only speech production ability and receptive vocabulary accounted for significant variance in number of different words. Receptive vocabulary significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 1 and 2, while speech production ability significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 3 and 4. Conclusions and implications If replicated, our findings have important implications for developing much-needed spoken language interventions in minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

scholarly journals Fricative Contrast and Coarticulation in Children With and Without Speech Sound Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2S) ◽  
pp. 649-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Maas ◽  
Marja-Liisa Mailend
Keyword(s):  
Speech Sound ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Purpose The purpose of this study was, first, to expand our understanding of typical speech development regarding segmental contrast and anticipatory coarticulation, and second, to explore the potential diagnostic utility of acoustic measures of fricative contrast and anticipatory coarticulation in children with speech sound disorders (SSD). Method In a cross-sectional design, 10 adults, 17 typically developing children, and 11 children with SSD repeated carrier phrases with novel words with fricatives (/s/, /ʃ/). Dependent measures were 2 ratios derived from spectral mean, obtained from perceptually accurate tokens. Group analyses compared adults and typically developing children; individual children with SSD were compared to their respective typically developing peers. Results Typically developing children demonstrated smaller fricative acoustic contrast than adults but similar coarticulatory patterns. Three children with SSD showed smaller fricative acoustic contrast than their typically developing peers, and 2 children showed abnormal coarticulation. The 2 children with abnormal coarticulation both had a clinical diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech; no clear pattern was evident regarding SSD subtype for smaller fricative contrast. Conclusions Children have not reached adult-like speech motor control for fricative production by age 10 even when fricatives are perceptually accurate. Present findings also suggest that abnormal coarticulation but not reduced fricative contrast is SSD-subtype–specific. Supplemental Materials S1: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5103070 . S2 and S3: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5106508

Visualizing the Knowledge Domain of Motor Speech Disorders: A Scientific Review (2000-2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-588
Author(s):  
Huili Wang ◽  
Shurong Zhang ◽  
Xueyan Li
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Motor Delay ◽  
Speech Characteristics

Abstract This review visualizes the knowledge domain of motor speech disorders (MSDs) in linguistics between 2000 and 2019 by means of scientometric methods. With topic searches, the study collected 869 bibliographic records and 20, 411 references from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Thomson Reuter. The clustered and visualized document co-citation network of the MSDs knowledge domain in CiteSpace identifies 15 research foci in different periods, including apraxia of speech, acoustics, children, technology, aphemia, childhood apraxia of speech, primary progressive aphasia, speech motor delay, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, rhythm, foreign accent syndrome, phonation, phonological awareness, dose and speech perception. Revolving around linguistics, these foci could be divided into studies on speech characteristics of MSDs in terms of phonology and phonetics, remedies for MSDs in terms of neurolinguistics and acoustic phonetics, dysarthria secondary to neurological diseases based on pathological linguistics, subtypes of apraxia of speech, methods of MSDs based on auditory phonetics and a newly recognized subtype of MSDs. Meanwhile, the emerging trends of MSDs in linguistics are detected by the analysis of reference citation bursts, suggesting growing research in remedies for MSDs with the focus on assessments and effectiveness of treatments, speech characteristics and indexes of dysarthria secondary to neurological diseases and assistance to diagnose apraxia of speech. To sum up, the review has indicated that the acoustic measures to assess MSDs and acoustic remedies for dysarthria may not only be the past foci but also be future trends.

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