scholarly journals The Bouba-Kiki Effect in Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rinat Gold ◽  
Dina Klein ◽  
Osnat Segal
Keyword(s):  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: The bouba-kiki (BK) effect refers to associations between visual shapes and auditory pseudonames. Thus, when tested, people tend to associate the pseudowords bouba and kiki with round or spiky shapes, respectively. This association requires cross-modal sensory integration. The ability to integrate information from different sensory modalities is crucial for speech development. A clinical population that may be impaired in cross-modal sensory integration is children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). The purpose of this study was to examine the involvement of cross-modal sensory integration in children with (CAS). Method: The BK effect was assessed in participants with CAS ( n = 18) and two control groups: One control group was composed of children with developmental language disorder (DLD), also termed specific language impairment ( n = 15), and a second group included typically developing (TD) children ( n = 22). The children were presented with 14 pairs of novel visual displays and nonwords. All the children were asked to state which shape and nonword correspond to one another. In addition, background cognitive (Leiter-3) and language measures (Hebrew PLS-4) were determined for all children. Results: Children in the CAS group were less successful in associating between visual shapes and corresponding auditory pseudonames (e.g., associating the spoken word “bouba” with a round shape; the spoken word “kiki” with a spiky shape). Thus, children with CAS demonstrated a statistically significant reduced BK effect compared with participants with TD and participants with DLD. No significant difference was found between the TD group and the DLD group. Conclusions: The reduced BK effect in children with CAS supports the notion that cross-modal sensory integration may be altered in these children. Cross-modal sensory integration is the basis for speech production. Thus, difficulties in sensory integration may contribute to speech difficulties in CAS.

scholarly journals Language Skill Mediates the Relationship Between Language Load and Articulatory Variability in Children With Language and Speech Sound Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3010-3022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Vuolo ◽  
Lisa Goffman
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Speech Sound Disorder ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Retrieval Task ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between language load and articulatory variability in children with language and speech sound disorders, including childhood apraxia of speech. Method Forty-six children, ages 48–92 months, participated in the current study, including children with speech sound disorder, developmental language disorder (aka specific language impairment), childhood apraxia of speech, and typical development. Children imitated (low language load task) then retrieved (high language load task) agent + action phrases. Articulatory variability was quantified using speech kinematics. We assessed language status and speech status (typical vs. impaired) in relation to articulatory variability. Results All children showed increased articulatory variability in the retrieval task compared with the imitation task. However, only children with language impairment showed a disproportionate increase in articulatory variability in the retrieval task relative to peers with typical language skills. Conclusion Higher-level language processes affect lower-level speech motor control processes, and this relationship appears to be more strongly mediated by language than speech skill.

Oral and Verbal Praxis in Impaired Language Learners

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110564
Author(s):  
Swapna Narayanan ◽  
Kavya Vijayan ◽  
Mekhala Vastare Guruprasad ◽  
Prashanth Prabhu P ◽  
Animesh Barman
Keyword(s):  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Sequential Movements ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference

In the context of language descriptions, the terms oral and verbal praxis refer to volitional movements for performing oral gestures and movements for speech. These movements involve programming articulators and rapid sequences of muscle firings that are required for speech sound productions. A growing body of research has highlighted the links between oral motor kinematics and language production skills in both typically developing (TD) children and children with developmental language disorders, including Specific Language Impairment (SLI). Yet, there have been limited attempts to assess the link between non-linguistic and linguistic development. In the present study, we investigated oral and verbal praxis behaviors in children with SLI. Fifteen children with SLI formed a clinical group and 15 children with typical development who were matched to the clinical group for chronological age, gender, and socio-economic status formed the TD group. We assessed participants in both groups for their language abilities with age-appropriate standardized language tests. To investigate oral and verbal praxis behaviors, we administered the Assessment Protocol for Oral Motor, Oral Praxis and Verbal Praxis Skills to the two groups. We used the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test to compare the two groups with respect to oral and verbal praxis measures; and we found a significant difference between isolated and sequential movements in the oral praxis section in two age subgroups of these groups ( p ≤ .05). Spearman’s correlations revealed a strong correlation between core language scores and sequential movements in the younger children with SLI and in TD children. These results showed co-morbidity between SLI and poor oral motor skills, suggesting that SLI is not just a language disorder, but a group of co-morbid conditions that include oral motor and verbal praxis difficulties.

scholarly journals Cognitive Functions in Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Nijland ◽  
Hayo Terband ◽  
Ben Maassen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Sequential Memory ◽  
Symptom Complex

Purpose Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is diagnosed on the basis of specific speech characteristics, in the absence of problems in hearing, intelligence, and language comprehension. This does not preclude the possibility that children with this speech disorder might demonstrate additional problems. Method Cognitive functions were investigated in 3 domains: complex sensorimotor and sequential memory functions, simple sensorimotor functions, and nonrelated control functions. Seventeen children with CAS were compared with 17 children with normal speech development at 2 occasions within 15 months. Results The children with CAS showed overall lower scores but similar improvement at Occasion 2 compared with the typically developing controls, indicating an overall delay in the development of cognitive functions. However, a specific deviant development in sequential abilities was found as well, indicated by significantly lower scores at Occasion 2 as compared with younger control children at Occasion 1. Furthermore, the scores on the complex sensorimotor and sequential memory tasks were significantly correlated with the severity of the speech impairment. Conclusions These results suggest that CAS involves a symptom complex that not only comprises errors of sequencing speech movements but implicates comorbidity in nonverbal sequential functioning in most children with CAS.

scholarly journals Clinical Utility of Repeated Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonation for Patients with Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1106
Author(s):  
Jung-Hae Yun ◽  
So-Min Shin ◽  
Su-Min Son
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Intergroup Difference ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Articulation Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) causes inconstant oromotor production. We investigated the clinical efficacy of repeated urimal test of articulation and phonation (U-TAP) in CAS patients. Twenty-eight children were recruited: 19 with CAS and 9 with functional articulation disorder (FAD). Four age-matched typically developing children were also recruited. U-TAP was performed twice repeatedly, and the error rate of consonant accuracy (CA) was measured. Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES) was also performed. The mean U-TAP CA showed a significant difference between the three groups, with 42.04% for CAS, 77.92% for FAD, and 99.68% for the normal group (p < 0.05). The mean difference between the two U-TAP CAs was 10.01% for CAS, 0.82% for FAD, and no difference for the normal group, revealing a significant intergroup difference between CAS and FAD (p < 0.05). For the expressive and receptive PRES scores, CAS group showed significantly decreased results compared to FAD and normal group. Only in the CAS group, expressive PRES showed significant decrease rather than receptive PRES score. The CAS group showed a significant difference in the two U-TAP CA compared to the FAD and normal groups. This result implies that repeated U-TAP can be useful for supportive diagnostic tool for CAS by detecting poor reliability of phonation.

The role of candidate-geneCNTNAP2in childhood apraxia of speech and specific language impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 168 (7) ◽  
pp. 536-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Centanni ◽  
J. N. Sanmann ◽  
J. R. Green ◽  
J. Iuzzini-Seigel ◽  
C. Bartlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Specific Language

A Multimodal Comparison of Emotion Categorization Abilities in Children With Developmental Language Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Daniela Bahn ◽  
Michael Vesker ◽  
Gudrun Schwarzer ◽  
Christina Kauschke
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Verbal Tasks

Purpose Current research has demonstrated that behavioral, emotional, and/or social difficulties often accompany developmental language disorder (DLD). It is an open question to what degrees such difficulties arise as consequence of impaired language and communicative skills, or whether they might also be driven by deficits in verbal and nonverbal emotion processing (e.g., the reduced ability to infer and verbalize emotional states from facial expressions). Regarding the existence of nonverbal deficits, previous research has yielded inconsistent findings. This study was aimed at gaining deeper knowledge of the basic aspects of emotion understanding in children with DLD by comparing their performance on nonverbal and verbal emotion categorization tasks to that of typically developing children. Method Two verbal tasks (Lexical Decision and Valence Decision With Emotion Terms) and two nonverbal tasks (Face Decision and Valence Decision With Facial Expressions) were designed to parallel each other as much as possible, and conducted with twenty-six 6- to 10-year-old children diagnosed with DLD. The same number of typically developed children, carefully matched by age and gender, served as a control group. Results The children with DLD showed lower performance in both verbal tasks and exhibited noticeable problems in the nonverbal emotion processing task. In particular, they achieved lower accuracy scores when they categorized faces by their valence (positive or negative), but did not differ in their ability to distinguish these faces from pictures displaying animals. Conclusions This study provides evidence for the hypothesis that problems in emotion processing in children with DLD might be multimodal. Therefore, the results support the idea of mutual influences in the development of language and emotion skills and contribute to the current debate about the domain specificity of DLD (formerly referred to as specific language impairment).

scholarly journals Mental health problems and speech development in toddlers with physical illnesses

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Jasminka Markovic ◽  
Teodora Romic
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Language Delay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. Mental health problems develop more and more frequently in children and adolescents. Children with physical illnesses are at a particular risk of developing associated mental health problems and it is important to study this association in order to detect and treat these problems on time. This study was aimed at determining whether there were differences in the presence of mental health problems and delayed speech development in children with physical illnesses between 18 and 36 months of age compared to the presence of these problems in healthy children. Material and Methods. The study was carried out as an observational cross-sectional study. It included 100 children, of both sexes, aged up to 3 years. The first group consisted of 50 children with physical illnesses that were hospitalized at the Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, and the control group consisted of 50 healthy children of the same age who attended kindergarten ?Radosno detinjstvo? in Novi Sad. The instrument of the study was ?A checklist of child behavior for children aged 1.5 to 5 years?. The hypothesis was checked with t-test for independent samples. ?A survey of language development for children aged 18 to 35 months? was used for assessing the language development. The second part of the hypothesis was checked with chi-square test. Results. A statistically significant difference was detected in the following dimensions of the questionnaire: emotional reactivity, anxiety / depression, withdrawal, aggression, stress, internalization, externalization, and total problems. A statistically significant difference was also found in the area of language delay. Conclusion. It has been concluded that mental health problems, as well as the language delay, are more pronounced among the children with physical illnesses than in the control group of children.

scholarly journals Pitch Variation in Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Preliminary Findings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Eddy C. H. Wong ◽  
Shelley L. Velleman ◽  
Michael C. F. Tong ◽  
Kathy Y. S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lexical Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
High Level

Introduction Pitch variation, which refers to one's ability to vary fundamental frequency (F0) within or between syllables when speaking, has not been investigated in children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). However, pitch variation plays an important role in tone languages, as varying F0 patterns communicate different lexical meanings. This study investigated pitch variation abilities in individuals with CAS via the tone-sequencing tasks (TSTs), focusing on task performance and the effects of syllable structure, lexical status, and tones. Method Three Cantonese-speaking children with CAS (aged 3;7–5;8 [years;months]) and six children without CAS participated in the study. Children without CAS were divided into two control groups, comprising those with speech and/or language impairment or typical development. TSTs consisted of 56 sets of five repetitions of stimuli. The stimuli varied in syllable structure, lexical status, and tones. Percentage of tones correct (PTC), consistency scores, F0 values, and acoustic repetition duration were measured. Results The CAS group performed more poorly than the control groups on the TST with respect to tone accuracy, consistency, and repetition duration. No interaction effects between group and syllable structure or group and lexical status were found. No significant difference was found on F0 values across time between Tone 1 and Tone 2 syllables in the CAS group. However, interaction effects between group and time points of F0 values on Tone 2 syllables were found. Discussion The results suggest that children with CAS have difficulty with pitch variation, which was revealed on the TST with respect to tone accuracy, consistency, and repetition duration. Moreover, children with CAS have difficulty in varying F0 values to produce high-rising tones and tend to use high-level tones to substitute. Clinically, the TST may be useful to assist in the diagnosis of CAS. Isolated vowel stimuli may be useful to test young children or children with severe impairment. Future investigations and development of a normed tool for children with CAS are suggested.

scholarly journals Features of neurological and psychomotoral development of premature children born by IVF and naturally

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
N. A. Druzhrnina ◽  
D. R. Merzlyakova ◽  
R. Z. Akhmetshin ◽  
N. R. Khafizova ◽  
G. P. Shiryaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. The use of in vitro fertilization methods plays an important role in overcoming the childlessness of families, but they must be combined with the success of nursing premature newborns to increase the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies. Children with very or extremely low body weight are at risk of increased rates of infant mortality and disability. The study of the state of health and the analysis of the psychomotor/neurological status of such children is extremely important due to the study of the possibilities of reducing the frequency of negative outcomes.Aim. A study during the first 3 years of neurological/psychomotor development in premature infants diagnosed with extremely low/very low body weight, born as a result of in vitro fertilization and naturally.Materials and methods. Studies of neurological/psychomotor development in premature infants have been carried out. The study included 189 infants diagnosed with prematurity at birth. The studies were carried out on the basis of the intensive care unit and the department of prematurity and neonatal pathology at the Republican Children’s Clinical Hospital (Ufa). Then, for 3 years, regular observation was carried out in the follow-up room in the same institution. Dynamic assessment of neurological and psychomotor status was performed using the Clinical Adaptive Test and Clinical linguistic and auditory milestone scales, as well as Gross Motor testing.Results and discussion. It was found that the incidence of neurological morbidity related to developmental delay is significantly higher in children born as a result of in vitro fertilization than in those conceived naturally. Thus, the number of children lagging behind in speech development at the age of up to 1 year is 59.1/59.6 and 52.1/52.3% when diagnosed with very low and extremely low body weight.Conclusion. The dynamics of the average coefficient of speech development in children conceived artificially did not reach (less than 75) normal values by the age of 3, and in the control group, the coefficient of speech development was normalized. There is no significant difference between very low and extremely low body weight children.

scholarly journals Concentration Camp Survival: A Pilot Study of Effects on the Second Generation

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Sigal ◽  
Vivian Rakoff
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Problems ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concentration Camp Survivors

Clinical observations of the families of concentration camp survivors presenting at a psychiatric outpatient department in a general hospital suggested that they manifested certain common characteristics distinguishing them from the general clinical population. These observations were subjected to a more systematic study. All the case material used in this study was taken from intake histories and diagnostic summaries. In the concentration camp families at least one parent had been in concentration camps during the war or had, up to the time of forced separation, been in close personal contact with members of his immediate family who eventually perished in the camps. All these families were Jewish. The control group consisted of families in which the parents were Jews of Central and Eastern European origin who did not have either of the two experiences listed as criteria for inclusion in the concentration camp group. As compared to the control families, the concentration camp parents manifested greater difficulties in self-control and in being able to control their children, and they showed a greater degree of overvaluation of the child. In families with more than one child, the children displayed a significantly greater degree of rivalry. No significant difference was found in the rate of occurrence of school problems but these tended to be less frequent in the concentration camp families. Examination of subgroups within the concentration camp group revealed that the most significant effects appeared to be attributable to the insurmountable process of mourning and the emotionally depleted state of the parents. The effects of concentration camps may conceivably manifest themselves in psychologically disturbed functioning of future generations.

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