scholarly journals Efficacy of Visual–Acoustic Biofeedback Intervention for Residual Rhotic Errors: A Single-Subject Randomization Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1175-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara McAllister Byun
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Randomization Tests ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biofeedback Treatment ◽  
Treatment Package

Purpose This study documented the efficacy of visual–acoustic biofeedback intervention for residual rhotic errors, relative to a comparison condition involving traditional articulatory treatment. All participants received both treatments in a single-subject experimental design featuring alternating treatments with blocked randomization of sessions to treatment conditions. Method Seven child and adolescent participants received 20 half-hour sessions of individual treatment over 10 weeks. Within each week, sessions were randomly assigned to feature traditional or biofeedback intervention. Perceptual accuracy of rhotic production was assessed in a blinded, randomized fashion. Each participant's response to the combined treatment package was evaluated by using effect sizes and visual inspection. Differences in the magnitude of response to traditional versus biofeedback intervention were measured with individual randomization tests. Results Four of 7 participants demonstrated a clinically meaningful response to the combined treatment package. Three of 7 participants showed a statistically significant difference between treatment conditions. In all 3 cases, the magnitude of within-session gains associated with biofeedback exceeded the gains associated with traditional treatment. Conclusions These results suggest that the inclusion of visual–acoustic biofeedback can enhance the efficacy of intervention for some individuals with residual rhotic errors. Further research is needed to understand which participants represent better or poorer candidates for biofeedback treatment.

scholarly journals Insecticidal and biological effects of three plant extracts tested against the dengue vector, Stegomyia agyptii (Diptera: Culicidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
R. Kokila ◽  
A. Nareshkumar ◽  
K. Meenambigai ◽  
B. Nataraj ◽  
S. Abdulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Population Vector ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Test Plants

Development of resistant in vectors especially vector mosquitoes are becoming a challenge for the scientific community for management and control mosquito population. Vector mosquitoes are likely to withstand toxicity and develop resistant mechanism to single active compound hence, combining medicinal plants with rich active compounds stops resistant development and proliferation of mosquitoes. In this study we put effort to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of <em>Tagetes patula</em>, <em>Clerodentron phillomedis</em>, and <em>Catharanthus roseus</em> in individual and in combination against the dengue vector, <em>Stegomyia agyptii.</em> Lethal concentrations (LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub>) were calculated to find out the effect of the test plants in individual and in combination. <em>T. patula</em> extract showed vaguely higher mortality rate when compared to <em>C. phillomedis</em>, and <em>C. roseus</em> but there was no significant variation among the three test plants. The median LC of combined treatment showed a significant difference between the combined (2.25 <span>µ</span>g/mL/3<sup>rd</sup> instar) and individual treatment (6.41 <span>µ</span>g/mL/3<sup>rd</sup> instar for T. patula, 6.85 <span>µ</span>g/mL/3<sup>rd</sup> instar for <em>C. phillomedis</em> and 6.59 <span>µ</span>g/mL/3<sup>rd</sup> instar for <em>C. roseus</em>). The combined efficacy of three test plants was also effective in controlling vector mosquitoes at fields with different agro-climatic conditions. The study proves that the combination of <em>T. patula</em>, <em>C. phillomedis</em>, and<em> C. roseus</em> is effective in different field conditions at lower concentrations.

scholarly journals Remediating Residual Rhotic Errors With Traditional and Ultrasound-Enhanced Treatment: A Single-Case Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1167-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Preston ◽  
Tara McAllister ◽  
Emily Phillips ◽  
Suzanne Boyce ◽  
Mark Tiede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Biofeedback Treatment ◽  
Sound Learning ◽  
Treatment Order

Purpose The aim of the study was to examine how ultrasound visual feedback (UVF) treatment impacts speech sound learning in children with residual speech errors affecting /ɹ/. Method Twelve children, ages 9–14 years, received treatment for vocalic /ɹ/ errors in a multiple-baseline across-subjects design comparing 8 sessions of UVF treatment and 8 sessions of traditional (no-biofeedback) treatment. All participants were exposed to both treatment conditions, with order counterbalanced across participants. To monitor progress, naïve listeners rated the accuracy of vocalic /ɹ/ in untreated words. Results After the first 8 sessions, children who received UVF were judged to produce more accurate vocalic /ɹ/ than those who received traditional treatment. After the second 8 sessions, within-participant comparisons revealed individual variation in treatment response. However, group-level comparisons revealed greater accuracy in children whose treatment order was UVF followed by traditional treatment versus children who received the reverse treatment order. Conclusion On average, 8 sessions of UVF were more effective than 8 sessions of traditional treatment for remediating vocalic /ɹ/ errors. Better outcomes were also observed when UVF was provided in the early rather than later stages of learning. However, there remains a significant individual variation in response to UVF and traditional treatment, and larger group-level studies are needed. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8206640

scholarly journals Comparing Biofeedback Types for Children With Residual /ɹ/ Errors in American English: A Single-Case Randomization Design

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Nina R. Benway ◽  
Elaine R. Hitchcock ◽  
Tara McAllister ◽  
Graham Tomkins Feeny ◽  
Jennifer Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
American English ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceptual Skill ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Treatment Package

Purpose Research comparing different biofeedback types could lead to individualized treatments for those with residual speech errors. This study examines within-treatment response to ultrasound and visual-acoustic biofeedback, as well as generalization to untrained words, for errors affecting the American English rhotic /ɹ/. We investigated whether some children demonstrated greater improvement in /ɹ/ during ultrasound or visual-acoustic biofeedback. Each participant received both biofeedback types. Individual predictors of treatment response (i.e., age, auditory-perceptual skill, oral somatosensory skill, and growth mindset) were also explored. Method Seven children ages 9–16 years with residual rhotic errors participated in 10 treatment visits. Each visit consisted of two conditions: 45 min of ultrasound biofeedback and 45 min of visual-acoustic biofeedback. The order of biofeedback conditions was randomized within a single-case experimental design. Acquisition of /ɹ/ was evaluated through acoustic measurements (normalized F3–F2 difference) of selected nonbiofeedback productions during practice. Generalization of /ɹ/ was evaluated through acoustic measurements and perceptual ratings of pretreatment/posttreatment probes. Results Five participants demonstrated acquisition of practiced words during the combined treatment package. Three participants demonstrated a clinically significant degree of generalization to untreated words on posttreatment probes. Randomization tests indicated one participant demonstrated a significant advantage for visual-acoustic over ultrasound biofeedback. Participants' auditory-perceptual acuity on an /ɹ/−/w/ identification task was identified as a possible correlate of generalization following treatment. Conclusions Most participants did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in acoustic productions between the ultrasound and visual-acoustic conditions, but one participant showed greater improvement in /ɹ/ during visual-acoustic biofeedback. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14881101

Bang for Your Buck: A Single-Case Experimental Design Study of Practice Amount and Distribution in Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3160-3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Maas ◽  
Christina Gildersleeve-Neumann ◽  
Kathy Jakielski ◽  
Nicolette Kovacs ◽  
Ruth Stoeckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Distributed Practice ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Massed Practice ◽  
Treatment Conditions

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine 2 aspects of treatment intensity in treatment for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS): practice amount and practice distribution. Method Using an alternating-treatments single-subject design with multiple baselines, we compared high versus low amount of practice, and massed versus distributed practice, in 6 children with CAS. Conditions were manipulated in the context of integral stimulation treatment. Changes in perceptual accuracy, scored by blinded analysts, were quantified with effect sizes. Results Four children showed an advantage for high amount of practice, 1 showed an opposite effect, and 1 showed no condition difference. For distribution, 4 children showed a clear advantage for massed over distributed practice post treatment; 1 showed an opposite pattern, and 1 showed no clear difference. Follow-up revealed a similar pattern. All children demonstrated treatment effects (larger gains for treated than untreated items). Conclusions High practice amount and massed practice were associated with more robust speech motor learning in most children with CAS, compared to low amount and distributed practice, respectively. Variation in effects across children warrants further research to determine factors that predict optimal treatment conditions. Finally, this study adds to the evidence base supporting the efficacy of integral stimulation treatment for CAS. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9630599

Using Video Modeling Intervention and Speech Generating Devices To Teach Requesting Behaviors to Persons With Autism

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Karen Copple ◽  
Rajinder Koul ◽  
Devender Banda ◽  
Ellen Frye
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Video Modeling ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Communicative Behaviors ◽  
Speech Generating Device ◽  
Treatment Package

Abstract One of the instructional techniques reported in the literature to teach communication skills to persons with autism is video modeling (VM). VM is a form of observational learning that involves watching and imitating the desired target behavior(s) exhibited by the person on the videotape. VM has been used to teach a variety of social and communicative behaviors to persons with developmental disabilities such as autism. In this paper, we describe the VM technique and summarize the results of two single-subject experimental design studies that investigated the acquisition of spontaneous requesting skills using a speech generating device (SGD) by persons with autism following a VM intervention. The results of these two studies indicate that a VM treatment package that includes a SGD as one of its components can be effective in facilitating communication in individuals with autism who have little or no functional speech.

scholarly journals Practical Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy in a Wild Ornamental Tulip Species Tulipa thianschanica Regel

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Lian-Wei Qu ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Han-Ping Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy

The innate physiological dormancy of Tulipa thianschanica seeds ensures its survival and regeneration in the natural environment. However, the low percentage of germination restricts the establishment of its population and commercial breeding. To develop effective ways to break dormancy and improve germination, some important factors of seed germination of T. thianschanica were tested, including temperature, gibberellin (GA3) and/or kinetin (KT), cold stratification and sowing depth. The percentage of germination was as high as 80.7% at a constant temperature of 4 °C, followed by 55.6% at a fluctuating temperature of 4/16 °C, and almost no seeds germinated at 16 °C, 20 °C and 16/20 °C. Treatment with exogenous GA3 significantly improved the germination of seeds, but KT had a slight effect on the germination of T. thianschanica seeds. The combined treatment of GA3 and KT was more effective at enhancing seed germination than any individual treatment, and the optimal hormone concentration for the germination of T. thianschanica seeds was 100 mg/L GA3 + 10 mg/L KT. In addition, it took at least 20 days of cold stratification to break the seed dormancy of T. thianschanica. The emergence of T. thianschanica seedlings was the highest with 82.4% at a sowing depth of 1.5 cm, and it decreased significantly at a depth of >3.0 cm. This study provides information on methods to break dormancy and promote the germination of T. thianschanica seeds.

scholarly journals Chemoembolization Plus Radiotherapy versus Chemoembolization Plus Sorafenib for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invading the Portal Vein: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Ho Chu ◽  
Jin Hyoung Kim ◽  
Ju Hyun Shim ◽  
Sang Min Yoon ◽  
Pyeong Hwa Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Significant Difference

A combination of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus sorafenib or radiotherapy (RT) has demonstrated efficacy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, the two combined treatment approaches were compared in patients with HCC and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). Data from 307 patients treated with TACE plus RT (n = 203) or TACE plus sorafenib (n = 104) as first-line treatment for HCC with PVTT were retrospectively evaluated. Using the propensity model to correct selection bias, 87 patients were included from each treatment group. During follow up (median, 12 months) in the entire study population, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly longer in the TACE plus RT group than in the TACE plus sorafenib group (6.5 vs. 4.3 months, respectively; p = 0.017 and 16.4 vs. 12 months, respectively; p = 0.007). Following propensity score matching, the median PFS and OS in the two groups showed no statistically significant difference. Multivariable analysis found no significant association between PFS or OS and the treatment type. In conclusion, this retrospective study of data from patients with advanced HCC with PVTT shows that PFS and OS did not differ significantly in patients treated with TACE plus RT and TACE plus sorafenib.

Individual Versus Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Partner-Violent Men: A Preliminary Randomized Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 2846-2868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Murphy ◽  
Christopher I. Eckhardt ◽  
Judith M. Clifford ◽  
Adam D. LaMotte ◽  
Laura A. Meis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Significant Difference

A randomized clinical trial tested the hypothesis that a flexible, case formulation–based, individual treatment approach integrating motivational interviewing strategies with cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) is more efficacious than a standardized group cognitive-behavioral approach (GCBT) for perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). Forty-two men presenting for services at a community domestic violence agency were randomized to receive 20 sessions of ICBT or a 20-week group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program. Participants and their relationship partners completed assessments of relationship abuse and relationship functioning at baseline and quarterly follow-ups for 1 year. Treatment uptake and session attendance were significantly higher in ICBT than GCBT. However, contrary to the study hypothesis, GCBT produced consistently equivalent or greater benefits than ICBT. Participant self-reports revealed significant reductions in abusive behavior and injuries across conditions with no differential benefits between conditions. Victim partner reports revealed more favorable outcomes for group treatment, including a statistically significant difference in psychological aggression, and differences exceeding a medium effect size for physical assault, emotional abuse, and partner relationship adjustment. In response to hypothetical relationship scenarios, GCBT was associated with greater reductions than ICBT (exceeding a medium effect) in articulated cognitive distortions and aggressive intentions. Treatment competence ratings suggest that flexible, individualized administration of CBT creates challenges in session agenda setting, homework implementation, and formal aspects of relationship skills training. Although caution is needed in generalizing findings from this small-scale trial, the results suggest that the mutual support and positive social influence available in group intervention may be particularly helpful for IPV perpetrators.

Endoscopic laserotherapy in combined treatment of duodenal peptic ulcerous disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
S. N. Batrakov ◽  
V. N. Troshkin
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Clinical Efficiency

The results of combined treatment of 90 patients with duodenal peptic ulcerous disease are presented. The clinical efficiency of complementing the traditional treatment by the endoscopic laserotherapy is shown. The positive dynamics of histamine, serotonin, catecholamines in duodenum mucous membrane was noted parallel with the clinicoendoscopic picture improvement. The positive changes of humoral and cellular immunity indices in the presence of the treatment combined with the endoscopic laserotherapy were observed.

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