Objective Indices of Severity of Chronic Aphasia in Stroke Patients

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Smith
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Chronic Aphasia

Standardized language tests of 78 stroke patients with chronic aphasia indicated: (1) All four language components were impaired in all 78 aphasics. (2) The severity of comprehension defect generally reflected the severity of overall language impairment. (3) In hemiplegics and nonhemiplegics, writing was more severely impaired than speech, comprehension, and reading. (4) Severity of language defects increased with advancing age. (5) Residual language functions in highly educated aphasics were greater than those in less educated aphasics. (6) Left-handed adults are less likely than dextrals to sustain chronic aphasia as a result of cerebrovascular lesions. (7) Patterns of associated language defects did not coincide with the traditional dichotomy of Broca’s “motor” vs Wernicke’s “sensory” and “conduction” aphasia as originally described. Marked impairment in visual ideational, spatial, and memory functions characteristic of deficits resulting from right posterior lesions was associated with severe comprehension defects. Since the same finding was consistently reported in several earlier studies, the results suggest that (1) cerebrovascular lesions resulting in chronic aphasia involve the nondominant as well as the left hemisphere more frequently than is commonly believed, and (2) the nondominant hemisphere plays a significant role in auditory comprehension and in recovery of language functions in aphasia.

scholarly journals The Factor Structure of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, Third Edition

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 772-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy W.M. Fong ◽  
Ryan Van Patten ◽  
Robert P. Fucetola
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluations

AbstractObjective: The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) is one of the most commonly used aphasia batteries. The newest edition has undergone significant revisions since its original publication in 1972, but existing evidence for its validity is lacking. We examined the construct validity of BDAE-3 and identified the factor structure of this battery. Method: A total of 355 people with aphasia of various types and severity completed neuropsychological evaluations to assess their patterns of language impairment. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was conducted to examine the components of BDAE-3 subtests. Results: Five components accounting for over 70% of the BDAE-3 total variance were found. The five language factors identified were auditory comprehension/ideomotor praxis, naming and reading, articulation-repetition, grammatical comprehension, and phonological processing. Conclusions: Our results show that the BDAE-3 demonstrates good construct validity, and certain language functions remain primary, distinct language domains (i.e., receptive vs. expressive language) across severities of aphasia. Overall, our findings inform clinical practice by outlining the inherent structure of language abilities in people with aphasia. Clinicians can utilize the findings to select core BDAE-3 tests that are most representative of their respective functions, thereby reducing the total testing time while preserving diagnostic sensitivity. (JINS, 2019, 25, 772–776)

scholarly journals Working Memory in Aphasia: The Role of Temporal Information Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Choinski ◽  
Elzbieta Szelag ◽  
Tomasz Wolak ◽  
Aneta Szymaszek
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Temporal Information Processing

Aphasia is an acquired impairment of language functions resulting from a brain lesion. It is usually accompanied by deficits in non-linguistic cognitive processes. This study aimed to investigate in patients with aphasia the complex interrelationships between selected cognitive functions: auditory speech comprehension, working memory (WM), and temporal information processing (TIP) in the millisecond time range. Thirty right-handed subjects (20 males) aged from 27 to 82 years suffering from post-stroke aphasia participated in the study. Verbal working memory (VWM) and spatial working memory (SWM) were assessed with: (1) a receptive verbal test and (2) the Corsi Block-Tapping Test, respectively. Both these WM tests used the forward tasks (mainly engaging maintenance processes, i.e., storing, monitoring, and matching information) and backward tasks (engaging both maintenance and manipulation processes, i.e., reordering and updating information). Auditory comprehension was assessed by receptive language tests, and TIP efficiency was assessed by auditory perception of temporal order in the millisecond time range. We observed better performance of forward WM tasks than backward ones, independently of the type of material used. Furthermore, the severity of auditory comprehension impairment correlated with the efficiency on both forward and backward VWM tasks and the backward SWM task. Further analysis revealed that TIP plays a crucial role only in the latter task. These results indicate the divergent pattern of interactions between WM and TIP depending on the type of WM tasks. Level of verbal competency appeared to play an important role in both VWM tasks, whereas TIP (which is associated with manipulation processes) appeared to be important for SWM, but only on the backward task.

The Relation between Perceptual and Language Deficits in Stroke Patients

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Smith ◽  
N B Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
The Relationship

The study investigates the relationship between the performance of stroke patients on tests of perception and language. It has been suggested that stroke patients with left hemisphere damage may perform poorly on tests of visual perception due to language problems affecting their understanding of the task. Results indicated that there was no significant difference between stroke patients with right hemisphere, dysphasic left hemisphere and non-dysphasic left hemisphere damage on perceptual tests. Few significant correlations were found between scores on the perceptual tests and scores on the language tests, suggesting that the poor performance of dysphasic patients cannot be explained by language impairment alone.

A Comparison of Four Adolescent Language Tests

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jane Lieberman ◽  
Ann Marie C. Heffron ◽  
Stephanie J. West ◽  
Edward C. Hutchinson ◽  
Thomas W. Swem
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Selection Of

Four recently developed adolescent language tests, the Fullerton Test for Adolescents (FLTA), the Test of Adolescent Language (TOAL), the Clinical Evaluation of Language Functions (CELF), and the Screening Test of Adolescent Language (STAL), were compared to determine: (a) whether they measured the same language skills (content) in the same way (procedures); and (b) whether students performed similarly on each of the tests. First, respective manuals were reviewed to compare selection of subtest content areas and subtest procedures. Then, each of the tests was administered according to standardized procedures to 30 unselected sixth-grade students. Despite apparent differences in test content and procedures, there was no significant difference in students' performance on three of the four tests, and correlations among test performance were moderate to high. A comparison of the pass/fail rates for overall performance on the tests, however, revealed a significant discrepancy between the proportions of students identified in need of further evaluation on the STAL (20%) and the proportion diagnosed as language impaired on the three diagnostic tests (60-73%). Clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Sensory deficits in ipsilesional upper-extremity in chronic stroke patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 834-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núbia Maria Freire Vieira Lima ◽  
Karina Cândido Menegatti ◽  
Érica Yu ◽  
Natália Yumi Sacomoto ◽  
Thais Botossi Scalha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Sensory Assessment ◽  
Sensory Deficits ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
The Right

Objective To investigate somatosensory deficits in the ipsilesional wrist and hand in chronic stroke patients and correlate these deficits with contralesional sensorimotor dysfunctions, functional testing, laterality and handedness.Methods Fifty subjects (twenty-two healthy volunteers and twenty-eight stroke patients) underwent evaluation with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, the sensory and motor Fugl-Meyer Assessment, the Nottingham Sensory Assessment in both wrists and hands and functional tests.Results Twenty-five patients had sensory changes in the wrist and hand contralateral to the stroke, and eighteen patients (64%) had sensory deficits in the ipsilesional wrist and hand. The most significant ipsilesional sensory loss was observed in the left-handed patients. We found that the patients with brain damage in the right hemisphere had better scores for ipsilesional tactile sensation.Conclusions A reduction in ipsilesional conscious proprioception, tactile or thermal sensation was found in stroke subjects. Right hemisphere damage and right-handed subjects had better scores in ipsilesional tactile sensation.

Distinct activation patterns for accurate vs. inaccurate naming of actions and objects: An fMRI study with stroke patients with chronic aphasia

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 150-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Postman-Caucheteux ◽  
S. Hoffman ◽  
D. Picchioni ◽  
J. McArdle ◽  
R. Birn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Chronic Aphasia

Nonword Repetition and Child Language Impairment

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1136-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Dollaghan ◽  
Thomas F. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Language Intervention ◽  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Language Test ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Traditional Language ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Repetition Task

A brief, processing-dependent, nonword repetition task, designed to minimize biases associated with traditional language tests, was investigated. In Study 1, no overlap in nonword repetition performance was found between a group of 20 school-age children enrolled in language intervention (LI) and a group of 20 age-matched peers developing language normally (LN). In Study 2, a comparison of likelihood ratios for the nonword repetition task and for a traditional language test revealed that nonword repetition distinguished between children independently identified as LI and LN with a high degree of accuracy, by contrast with the traditional language test. Nonword repetition may have considerable clinical utility as a screening measure for language impairment in children. Information on the likelihood ratios associated with all diagnostic tests of language is badly needed.

scholarly journals Recovery of Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia in Patients With Hand Motor Impairment After Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Hybbinette ◽  
Ellika Schalling ◽  
Jeanette Plantin ◽  
Catharina Nygren-Deboussard ◽  
Marika Schütz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Brain Recovery ◽  
Recovery Mechanisms

Objective: Aphasia and apraxia of speech (AOS) after stroke frequently co-occur with a hand motor impairment but few studies have investigated stroke recovery across motor and speech-language domains. In this study, we set out to test the shared recovery hypothesis. We aimed to (1) describe the prevalence of AOS and aphasia in subacute stroke patients with a hand motor impairment and (2) to compare recovery across speech-language and hand motor domains. In addition, we also explored factors predicting recovery from AOS.Methods: Seventy participants with mild to severe paresis in the upper extremity were assessed; 50% of these (n = 35) had left hemisphere (LH) lesions. Aphasia, AOS and hand motor assessments and magnetic resonance imaging were conducted at 4 weeks (A1) and at 6 months (A2) after stroke onset. Recovery was characterized in 15 participants showing initial aphasia that also had complete follow-up data at 6 months.Results: All participants with AOS and/or aphasia had LH lesions. In LH lesioned, the prevalence of aphasia was 71% and of AOS 57%. All participants with AOS had aphasia; 80% of the participants with aphasia also had AOS. Recovery in aphasia (n = 15) and AOS (n = 12) followed a parallel pattern to that observed in hand motor impairment and recovery correlated positively across speech-language and motor domains. The majority of participants with severe initial aphasia and AOS showed a limited but similar amount of recovery across domains. Lesion volume did not correlate with results from behavioral assessments, nor with recovery. The initial aphasia score was the strongest predictor of AOS recovery.Conclusion: Our findings confirm the common occurrence of AOS and aphasia in left hemisphere stroke patients with a hand motor impairment. Recovery was similar across speech-language and motor domains, even in patients with severe impairment, supporting the shared recovery hypothesis and that similar brain recovery mechanisms are involved in speech-language and motor recovery post stroke. These observations contribute to the knowledge of AOS and its relation to motor and language functions and add information that may serve as a basis for future studies of post stroke recovery. Studies including neuroimaging and/or biological assays are required to gain further knowledge on shared brain recovery mechanisms.

Using Finiteness as a Clinical Marker to Identify Language Impairment

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Ash ◽  
Sean M. Redmond
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Clinical Marker ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Primary Measure

Intervention rates for children with language impairments vary widely across reports. Unfortunately, many language tests focus on areas of language that are not problematic for children with language impairments (LI). Over twenty years of research supports limitations in finiteness as a clinical marker of LI. However, speech language pathologists (SLPs) have been reluctant to include assessments of finiteness in clinical decisions for young school-age children. This article addresses the operational definition of finiteness which may have created a barrier to its clinical use. We recommend that SLPs include the Test of Early Grammatical Impairment as a primary measure of finiteness for identifying language impairment in children between 3 and 8 years of age because of its clinical flexibility and high levels of sensitivity and specificity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document