Relation of Bekesy Tracings to Personality and Electrophysiologic Measures

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Shepherd ◽  
Robert Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
White Women ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
White Men ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Emotional Changes ◽  
Békésy Audiometry

Bekesy amplitudes of 10 white men, 10 white women, 10 colored men, and 10 colored women were compared and also correlated with MMPI personality measures, EEG amplitude changes, heart rate changes, and skin-resistance levels and changes. All subjects had normal hearing. It was initially proposed that normal-hearing individuals who are similar in personality and who have similar emotional changes (measured by electrophysiologic recordings) during Bekesy audiometry will produce tracings of similar amplitude. Findings indicate that the size of Bekesy amplitudes do relate to personality as well as to emotional changes that occur during Bekesy audiometry. These relations, however, are specific to Bekesy amplitudes produced with a fast (2.5 dB/sec) continuous stimulus, dependent upon like skin resistance levels and probably independent of race and sex. Clear patterns of relations involving personality and electrophysiologic measures and Bekesy amplitudes traced with a fast (2.5 dB/sec) pulsed, slow (0.625 dB/sec) continuous, and slow pulsed stimulus, were not evident.

Race Difference in Auditory Sensitivity

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Shepherd ◽  
Robert Goldstein ◽  
Benjamin Rosenblüt
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Auditory Sensitivity ◽  
Race Difference ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Békésy Audiometry ◽  
Method Of Adjustment ◽  
Better Than

Two separate studies investigated race and sex differences in normal auditory sensitivity. Study I measured thresholds at 500, 1000, and 2000 cps of 23 white men, 26 white women, 21 negro men, and 24 negro women using the method of limits. In Study II thresholds of 10 white men, 10 white women, 10 negro men, and 10 negro women were measured at 1000 cps using four different stimulus conditions and the method of adjustment by means of Bekesy audiometry. Results indicated that the white men and women in Study I heard significantly better than their negro counterparts at 1000 and 2000 cps. There were no significant differences between the average thresholds measured at 1000 cps of the white and negro men in Study II. White women produced better auditory thresholds with three stimulus conditions and significantly more sensitive thresholds with the slow pulsed stimulus than did the negro women in Study II.

scholarly journals MATTERS OF THE HEART: DAILY SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY IN MIDDLE AND OLD AGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S741-S741
Author(s):  
Kira S Birditt ◽  
Angela Turkelson ◽  
Meaghan Mones ◽  
Kayvan Najarian ◽  
Richard Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
White Men ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Social ties are essential for survival but the mechanisms accounting for this link are unclear. This study examined links between daily interpersonal experiences and cardiovascular reactivity. A total of 34 participants (aged 40 to 80) completed ecological momentary assessment surveys every three hours for 4 days and wore a device that assessed heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). Multilevel models revealed that a greater number of social interactions and negative social interactions predicted increased HR. Links between social interactions and cardiovascular reactivity varied by gender and race. A greater number of interactions and negative interactions predicted increased HRV among men and not women. A greater number of social interactions predicted increased HR among Black individuals and White women but not White men. Thus, social interactions appear to get under the skin via the cardiovascular system but in unique ways that vary by gender and race.

Factors Influencing Electrophysiologic Responsivity in Normal Adults

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-347
Author(s):  
Robert Goldstein ◽  
Benjamin RosenblÜt
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
White Light ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Electrodermal Responses ◽  
Normal Adults

Electrodermal and electroencephalic responsivity to sound and to light was studied in 96 normal-hearing adults in three separate sessions. The subjects were subdivided into equal groups of white men, white women, colored men, and colored women. A 1 000 cps pure tone was the conditioned stimulus in two sessions and white light was used in a third session. Heat was the unconditioned stimulus in all sessions. Previously, an inverse relation had been found in white men between the prominence of alpha rhythm in the EEG and the ease with which electrodermal responses could be elicited. This relation did not hold true for white women. The main purpose of the present study was to answer the following questions: (1) are the previous findings on white subjects applicable to colored subjects? (2) are subjects who are most (or least) responsive electrophysiologically on one day equally responsive (or unresponsive) on another day? and (3) are subjects who are most (or least) responsive to sound equally responsive (or unresponsive) to light? In general, each question was answered affirmatively. Other factors influencing responsivity were also studied.

The Effects of Sophistication on Type V Bekesy Patterns in Simulated Hearing Loss

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick N. Martin ◽  
Deborah A. Monro
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
General Decrease ◽  
Continuous Tone ◽  
Type V ◽  
Békésy Audiometry ◽  
Off Time

Forty-five normal-hearing subjects were divided into three groups according to sophistication regarding Bekesy audiometry in simulated hearing loss. Both standard pulsed (200 msec on/200 msec off) and lengthened off-time (200 msec on/800 msec off) were compared with a continuous tone tracing at 1000 Hz. Data revealed a general decrease in the number of Type V patterns observed as sophistication increased.

Experimental Studies on the Uncomfortable Loudness Level

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. G. Stephens ◽  
C. M. B. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Loudness Level

A number of experimental determinations of the uncomfortable loudness level (ULL) at 1000 Hz were made on several groups of normal-hearing subjects, using various methods of stimulus presentation and applying different personality measures to the subjects. The same mean levels were found for both earphone and free-field presentations. In experienced subjects the monaural-binaural difference was between 2.5 and 4 dB in different experiments. In naive subjects this difference was 6 dB. In two groups of subjects, ULL was found to be significantly negatively correlated with their test anxiety scores, but this correlation did not hold for the other two groups tested. Naive subjects showed little difference in intersubject variance with the manual or Bekesy presentation techniques.

Bekesy Audiometry in Simulated Hearing Loss

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Kacker
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Reliable Criterion ◽  
Reliable Tool ◽  
Type V ◽  
Békésy Audiometry

Ten normal-hearing volunteers, all otolaryngologists and audiometric technicians, were asked to simulate a 50-dB hearing loss in one ear on a Grason-Stadler Bekesy audiometer, Model E 800, standardized to ISO (1964). The data were analyzed and compared with the available literature. The following conclusions were reached: (1) A test-retest discrepancy, consistently present in all the subjects with simulated hearing loss, was the most reliable criterion for detecting such loss. (2) Type-V Bekesy tracings indicated simulated hearing loss and were found in 70% of the subjects. (3) Saucer-shaped curves and increased Bekesy excursions are not reliable indicators of simulated hearing loss. (4) The Bekesy audiometer is a reliable tool in detecting simulated hearing loss.

We stand in solidarity with you (if it helps our ingroup)

2022 ◽  
pp. 136843022110671
Author(s):  
Kimberly E. Chaney ◽  
Marley B. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
White Men ◽  
Women Studies ◽  
Lay Theory

Intraminority solidarity research has previously focused on how similarities in discrimination experiences can facilitate stigma-based solidarity. Yet, research on a lay theory of generalized prejudice has demonstrated that people tend to perceive attitudes towards stigmatized social groups as co-occurring. Integrating these lines of research, the present studies sought to examine if the extent to which prejudices are perceived to co-occur can facilitate stigma-based solidarity for marginalized social groups, and in turn promote interest in coalitional justice. Recruiting heterosexual Black Americans (Study 1), White women (Studies 2–3), and White men (Study 4), the present research demonstrates that perceiving prejudices as co-occurring increases stigma-based solidarity that in turn produces greater interest in coalitional justice efforts that include the ingroup. The present findings demonstrate the importance of focusing on beliefs about perpetrators’ attitudes when examining intraminority solidarity and highlight the limitations of a lay theory of generalized prejudice to fight prejudices broadly.

Progress Toward Increasing Women’s and Minorities’ Access to Top State Government Jobs?

2021 ◽  
pp. 009102602110565
Author(s):  
Greg Lewis ◽  
Jonathan Boyd ◽  
Rahul Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
State Government ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Good News ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of qualifications and hiring advantages on women’s and minorities’ access to state government jobs, both in managerial and high-salary positions and overall. It also looks at how race and gender differences in representation have changed since 1990 and how they compare with the private sector. All groups, except Latino and Asian men, are more likely than White men to work for state governments, and all groups are more likely to do so than comparable White men. White men remain more likely to be managers and to earn top-decile salaries than comparable White women and people of color. Differences in education, experience, veteran status, and citizenship contribute, in different ways, to each group’s underrepresentation at top levels, but sizable unexplained gaps remain. The good news is that access to top jobs is better in state governments than in the private sector and has improved since 1990.

Abstract MP050: Race and Gender Group Specific Trends in Length of Stay for Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, 1987–2008

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura R Loehr ◽  
Xiaoxi Liu ◽  
C. Baggett ◽  
Cameron Guild ◽  
Erin D Michos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Black Men ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Insurance Type ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Aric Study

Introduction: Since the 1980’s, length of stay (LOS) for acute MI (AMI) has declined in the US. However, little is known about trends in LOS for non-white racial groups and whether change in LOS is related to insurance type or hospital complications. Methods: We determined 22 year trends in LOS for nonfatal (definite or probable) AMI among black and white residents age 35–74 in 4 US communities (N=396,514 in 2008 population) under surveillance in the ARIC Study. Events were randomly sampled and independently validated using a standardized algorithm. All analyses accounted for sampling scheme. We excluded MI events which started after admission (n=1,677), events within 28 days for the same person (n=3,817), hospital transfers (n=571), and those with LOS=0 or LOS >66 (top 0.5% of distribution, N= 144) leaving 22,258 weighted events for analysis. The average annual change in log LOS was modeled using weighted linear regression with year as a quadratic term. All models adjusted for age and secondary models adjusted for insurance type (Medicare, Medicaid, private, or other), and complications during admission (cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, or heart failure). Results: The average age-adjusted LOS from 1987 to 2008 was reduced by 5 days in black men (9.5 to 4.5 days); 4.6 days in white women (9.4 to 4.8 days); 4 days in white men (8.3 to 4.3 days) and 3.6 days in black women (9.0 to 5.4 days). Between 1987 and 2008, the age-adjusted average annual percent change (with 95% CI) in LOS was largest for white men at −4.40 percent per year (−4.91, −3.89) followed by −3.89 percent (−4.52, −3.26) for white women, −3.72 percent (−4.46, −2.89) for black men, and −2.94 percent (−3.92, −1.96) for black women (see Figure). Adjustment for insurance type, and complications did not change the pattern by race and gender. Conclusions: Between 1987 and 2008, LOS for AMI declined significantly and similarly in men and women, blacks and whites. These changes appear independent of differences in insurance type and hospital complications among race-gender groups.

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