Bekesy Audiometry in Simulated Hearing Loss

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Kacker
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Reliable Criterion ◽  
Reliable Tool ◽  
Type V ◽  
Békésy Audiometry

Ten normal-hearing volunteers, all otolaryngologists and audiometric technicians, were asked to simulate a 50-dB hearing loss in one ear on a Grason-Stadler Bekesy audiometer, Model E 800, standardized to ISO (1964). The data were analyzed and compared with the available literature. The following conclusions were reached: (1) A test-retest discrepancy, consistently present in all the subjects with simulated hearing loss, was the most reliable criterion for detecting such loss. (2) Type-V Bekesy tracings indicated simulated hearing loss and were found in 70% of the subjects. (3) Saucer-shaped curves and increased Bekesy excursions are not reliable indicators of simulated hearing loss. (4) The Bekesy audiometer is a reliable tool in detecting simulated hearing loss.

The Effects of Sophistication on Type V Bekesy Patterns in Simulated Hearing Loss

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick N. Martin ◽  
Deborah A. Monro
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
General Decrease ◽  
Continuous Tone ◽  
Type V ◽  
Békésy Audiometry ◽  
Off Time

Forty-five normal-hearing subjects were divided into three groups according to sophistication regarding Bekesy audiometry in simulated hearing loss. Both standard pulsed (200 msec on/200 msec off) and lengthened off-time (200 msec on/800 msec off) were compared with a continuous tone tracing at 1000 Hz. Data revealed a general decrease in the number of Type V patterns observed as sophistication increased.

Some Observations on Type V Bekesy Tracings

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Stein
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
Original Observation ◽  
Type V ◽  
Békésy Audiometry

Jerger and Herer (1961) were the first to report an apparent relationship between functional hearing loss and the Type V Bekesy pattern. Several recent studies have added substantial support to the original observation, although the number of subjects on whom these findings are based is still limited. The present study was undertaken to provide additional information on: (a) the frequency of occurrence of the Type V Bekesy tracing, (b) the manner and degree to which the interrupted tracing drops below the continuous tracing, and (c) the possible existence of additional signs of functionality in the Bekesy audiogram. Bekesy audiometry was undertaken with 100 veterans referred for audiologic examination. Thirty showed other evidence of functional hearing loss. Of these 30 subjects, 17 or 57% recorded Type V patterns and an additional nine recorded Bekesy patterns that could not be classified. In total, 26 of 30 or 87% of subjects with nonorganic hearing loss recorded Type V or unclassifiable Bekesy patterns. The remaining three subjects in this group recorded Type II or Type IV tracings. These findings suggest that the occurrence of either a Type V or unclassifiable Bekesy pattern should alert the audiologist to the possibility of functional hearing loss.

Loudness Tracking by Normal Hearers Via Bekesy Audiometer

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Rintelmann ◽  
Raymond Carhart
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Auditory Integration ◽  
Auditory Tasks ◽  
Type V ◽  
Comfortable Loudness ◽  
Tonal Stimuli ◽  
Békésy Audiometry

Bekesy audiometry employing the method of compensatory loudness tracking was used to investigate the levels at which 12 normal hearing subjects traced loudness configurations for interrupted and continuous tonal stimuli monaurally. Two types of task were given. One was the most comfortable loudness (MCL) task. Here, tracking was monitored entirely according to the subjects “internal standard” for a comfortable level of loudness. The second was the recalled loudness (RL) task in which the subject tracked based on his memory of the loudness of a 1 000 cps reference tone heard only once at the beginning of the task. Each subject participated in two sessions separated by about a week and during each session performed five auditory tasks. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that in both loudness tasks (MCL and RL) significantly greater intensity was required from interrupted than from continuous tonal stimuli to accomplish the tracking. This discrepancy, in a manner not explained by current information on auditory integration of energy at supra-threshold levels, implies that the two stimuli required different intensity levels to achieve equivalent loudness. However, the discrepancy is in the proper direction and of the magnitude which characterizes many Type V Bekesy audiograms encountered clinically.

When Hearing Does Not Mean Understanding: On the Neural Processing of Syntactically Complex Sentences by Listeners With Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Margreet Vogelzang ◽  
Christiane M. Thiel ◽  
Stephanie Rosemann ◽  
Jochem W. Rieger ◽  
Esther Ruigendijk
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Sentence Complexity ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
And Task

Purpose Adults with mild-to-moderate age-related hearing loss typically exhibit issues with speech understanding, but their processing of syntactically complex sentences is not well understood. We test the hypothesis that listeners with hearing loss' difficulties with comprehension and processing of syntactically complex sentences are due to the processing of degraded input interfering with the successful processing of complex sentences. Method We performed a neuroimaging study with a sentence comprehension task, varying sentence complexity (through subject–object order and verb–arguments order) and cognitive demands (presence or absence of a secondary task) within subjects. Groups of older subjects with hearing loss ( n = 20) and age-matched normal-hearing controls ( n = 20) were tested. Results The comprehension data show effects of syntactic complexity and hearing ability, with normal-hearing controls outperforming listeners with hearing loss, seemingly more so on syntactically complex sentences. The secondary task did not influence off-line comprehension. The imaging data show effects of group, sentence complexity, and task, with listeners with hearing loss showing decreased activation in typical speech processing areas, such as the inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. No interactions between group, sentence complexity, and task were found in the neuroimaging data. Conclusions The results suggest that listeners with hearing loss process speech differently from their normal-hearing peers, possibly due to the increased demands of processing degraded auditory input. Increased cognitive demands by means of a secondary visual shape processing task influence neural sentence processing, but no evidence was found that it does so in a different way for listeners with hearing loss and normal-hearing listeners.

An Evaluation of the Relationship between Retinal Nerve Fiber Thickness, Cochlear Nerve Thickness, the Level of Tinnitus, and Hearing Loss in Unilateral Tinnitus Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mustafa Avcu ◽  
Mehmet Metin ◽  
Raşit Kılıç ◽  
Muhammed Alpaslan
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Cochlear Nerve ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fiber Thickness ◽  
Moderate Hearing Loss ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fiber

Background: In this study, optic coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed to check whether there was any interaction between ophthalmic axonal structures in unilateral tinnitus patients, and the relationship between optic nerve thickness and cochlear nerve thickness was evaluated. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relatioship between hearing loss, tinnitus, and nerve thicknesses. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Tertiary referral university hospital. Patients: The study included 88 patients with unilateral tinnitus, for which no organic cause could be found in physical examination, psychiatric evaluation, or with imaging methods. Study groups were formed of the tinnitus side and control groups were formed of the healthy side as follows: Group 1 (Non-tinnitus side normal hearing values – n = 30), Group 2 (non-tinnitus side minimal hearing loss – n = 27), Group 3 (non-tinnitus side moderate hearing loss – n = 31), Group 4 (tinnitus side normal hearing values – n = 25), Group 5 (tinnitus side minimal hearing loss – n = 25), and Group 6 (tinnitus side moderate hearing loss – n = 38). Intervention: Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was evaluated with OCT, and the cochlear nerve cross-sectional area was evaluated with MRI. Main Outcome Measures: RNFL measurements were taken with OCT from the subfoveal area (RNFL-SF) and 1.5 mm temporal to the fovea (RNFL-T µm) and nasal (RNFL-N µm) sectors. On MRI, 3 measurements were taken along the nerve from the cerebellopontine angle as far as the internal auditory canal, and the mean value of these 3 measurements was calculated. Results: When the groups were evaluated in respect of cochlear nerve thickness, a significant difference was seen between Group 1 and both the groups with hearing loss and the tinnitus groups. In the subgroup analysis, a statistically significant difference was determined between Group 1 and Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 (p = 0.013, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). When the groups were evaluated in respect of the RNFL-SF (µm), RNFL-T (µm), and RNFL-N (µm) values, the differences were determined to be statistically significant (p < 0.001 for all). In the correlation analysis, a negative correlation was determined between hearing loss and cochlear nerve diameter (r: −0.184, p = 0.014), and RNFL-N (r: −0.272, p < 0.001) and between tinnitus and cochlear nerve diameter (r: −0.536, p < 0.001), and RNFL-T (r: −0.222, p < 0.009). Conclusion: The study results clearly showed a relationship between cochlear nerve fiber thickness and hearing loss and the severity of tinnitus in cases with unilateral tinnitus and that there could be neurodegenerative factors in the disease etiology. A similar relationship seen with the RNFL supports the study hypothesis.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Residual Inhibition Is Associated With Hearing Loss and Tinnitus Chronicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 233121652098630
Author(s):  
S. Hu ◽  
L. Anschuetz ◽  
D. A. Hall ◽  
M. Caversaccio ◽  
W. Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Comparator Group ◽  
Residual Inhibition ◽  
Subject Comparison

Residual inhibition, that is, the temporary suppression of tinnitus loudness after acoustic stimulation, is a frequently observed phenomenon that may have prognostic value for clinical applications. However, it is unclear in which subjects residual inhibition is more likely and how stable the effect of inhibition is over multiple repetitions. The primary aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of hearing loss and tinnitus chronicity on residual inhibition susceptibility. The secondary aim was to investigate the short-term repeatability of residual inhibition. Residual inhibition was assessed in 74 tinnitus subjects with 60-second narrow-band noise stimuli in 10 consecutive trials. The subjects were assigned to groups according to their depth of suppression (substantial residual inhibition vs. comparator group). In addition, a categorization in normal hearing and hearing loss groups, related to the degree of hearing loss at the frequency corresponding to the tinnitus pitch, was made. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with susceptibility to residual inhibition. Repeatability of residual inhibition was assessed using mixed-effects ordinal regression including poststimulus time and repetitions as factors. Tinnitus chronicity was not associated with residual inhibition for subjects with hearing loss, while a statistically significant negative association between tinnitus chronicity and residual inhibition susceptibility was observed in normal hearing subjects (odds ratio: 0.63; p = .0076). Moreover, repeated states of suppression can be stably induced, reinforcing the use of residual inhibition for within-subject comparison studies.

Measurements of Loudness Growth in 1/2-Octave Bands for Children and Adults With Normal Hearing

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa R. Ellis ◽  
Michael K. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Boundary Values ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Point Data ◽  
Loudness Growth

The loudness growth in 1/2-octave bands (LGOB) procedure has been shown previously to provide valid estimates of loudness growth for adults with normal hearing and those with hearing loss (Allen, Hall, & Jeng, 1990), and it has been widely incorporated into fitting strategies for adult hearing aid users by a hearing aid manufacturer. Here, we applied a simple modification of LGOB to children and adults with normal hearing and then compared the loudness growth functions (as obtained from end-point data) between the two age groups. In addition, reliability data obtained within a single session and between test sessions were compared between the two groups. Large differences were observed in the means between the two groups for the lower boundary values, the upper boundary values, and the range between boundaries both within and across all frequencies. The data obtained from children also had greater variance than the adult data. In addition, there was more variability in the data across test sessions for children. Many test-retest differences for children exceeded 10 dB. Adult test-retest differences were generally less than 10 dB. Although the LGOB with the modifications used in this study may be used to measure loudness growth in children, its poor reliability with this age group may limit its clinical use for children with hearing loss. Additional work is needed to explore whether loudness growth measures can be adapted successfully to children and whether these measures contribute worthwhile information for fitting hearing aids to children.

scholarly journals Perception and learning of relative pitch by musicians using the vibrotactile mode

2021 ◽  
pp. 102986492110152
Author(s):  
Carl Hopkins ◽  
Saúl Maté-Cid ◽  
Robert Fulford ◽  
Gary Seiffert ◽  
Jane Ginsborg
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Relative Pitch ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schools For The Deaf

This study investigated the perception and learning of relative pitch using vibrotactile stimuli by musicians with and without a hearing impairment. Notes from C3 to B4 were presented to the fingertip and forefoot. Pre- and post-training tests in which 420 pairs of notes were presented randomly were carried out without any feedback to participants. After the pre-training test, 16 short training sessions were carried out over six weeks with 72 pairs of notes per session and participants told whether their answers were correct. For amateur and professional musicians with normal hearing and professional musicians with a severe or profound hearing loss, larger pitch intervals were easier to identify correctly than smaller intervals. Musicians with normal hearing had a high success rate for relative pitch discrimination as shown by pre- and post-training tests, and when using the fingertips, there was no significant difference between amateur and professional musicians. After training, median scores on the tests in which stimuli were presented to the fingertip and forefoot were >70% for intervals of 3–12 semitones. Training sessions reduced the variability in the responses of amateur and professional musicians with normal hearing and improved their overall ability. There was no significant difference between the relative pitch discrimination abilities between one and 11 semitones, as shown by the pre-training test, of professional musicians with and without a severe/profound hearing loss. These findings indicate that there is potential for vibration to be used to facilitate group musical performance and music education in schools for the deaf.

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