Effect of Contralateral Noise on the Middle Components of the Averaged Electroencephalic Response

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard N. Gutnick ◽  
Robert Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Contralateral Noise ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Response Index ◽  
Middle Component ◽  
Continuous Noise ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Point To Point

Middle-component AERs were obtained from normal-hearing adults to 1000-Hz tone pips at 20 and 40 dB SL and at silent control. A continuous noise at 20, 40, and 80 dB SL and at silent control was presented to the contralateral ear. When the tone pips were at 20 or 40 dB SL, five peaks were identified visually in waveforms constructed by digitally adding AERs across subject and replication. Peak latencies determined from the composite waveforms for each signal-masker condition were used as time points to measure point-to-point amplitudes in individual AERs. The masker at 20 or 40 dB SL did not alter or degrade the AER produced by the tone pip. It was concluded that clinical masking may be used in EEA when the middle components of the AER are employed as a response index.

Stability of the Early Components of the Averaged Electroencephalic Response

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice I. Mendel ◽  
Robert Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Response Pattern ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Peak Latency ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Response Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Negative Peak ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The early components of the averaged electroencephalic response (AER) were examined at three-hour intervals in eight normal hearing adults over a single, sleepless 24-hour span. During each of the eight sessions, three series of clicks at 50 dB SL were presented to the right ear of the subject as he sat reading. 1024 clicks at the rate of 9.6/sec were used in obtaining each averaged response. Electroencephalic activity was recorded from an electrode on the vertex referred to the left earlobe. The response pattern was very stable, characterized by a polyphasic configuration with mean peak latencies of (P o ) 13.3 msec, (N a ) 22.0 msec, (P a ) 32.3 msec, and (N b ) 45.1 msec. An earlier negative peak (N o ) with a mean peak latency of 8.3 msec occurred in many of the responses. At the conclusion of the 24-hour span, three of the subjects were tested with the same stimuli during various stages of sleep. The early components of the AER remained consistent even during sleep. Threshold searches were successfully carried out on two of the sleeping subjects. The long-term stability of the early components of the AER in the awake and sleep states makes them practical as a response index for electroencephalic audiometry. Their characteristics are more compatible with a neurogenic than with a myogenic theory of their origin.

Spectral and Temporal Parameters of Contralateral Signals Altering Temporary Threshold Shift

1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond S. Karlovich ◽  
Terry L. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Threshold Shift ◽  
Temporary Threshold Shift ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Contralateral Stimulation ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Contralateral Ear

The test ear of each of nine normal-hearing subjects was exposed for three minutes to a 1000-Hz tone at 110 dB SPL. Either a 4000-Hz tone at 105 dB SPL or a broad-band noise at 100 dB SPL was presented to the contralateral ear during exposure. Four different temporal patterns were used for each contralateral signal: (1) continuous, (2) 18 seconds on/18 seconds off, (3) 1.8 seconds on/1.8 seconds off, and (4) 0.18 seconds on/0.18 seconds off. A control condition, consisting of the absence of contralateral stimulation, also was used. Pre- and postexposure thresholds for the test ear were tracked at a signal one-half octave above the exposure frequency. Resultant data indicated that reduction in temporary threshold shift was greatest for conditions involving rapidly pulsed (1.8 and 0.18 seconds on-off) contralateral signals. We hypothesized that these data were reflective of the dynamic properties of the acoustic reflex. Specifically, we posited that the acoustic reflex manifests less adaptation in response to rapid signal-repetition rates and relatively more adaptation to sustained or slowly pulsed signals.

scholarly journals Pitch Comparisons between Electrical Stimulation of a Cochlear Implant and Acoustic Stimuli Presented to a Normal-hearing Contralateral Ear

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Carlyon ◽  
Olivier Macherey ◽  
Johan H. M. Frijns ◽  
Patrick R. Axon ◽  
Randy K. Kalkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Stimulation Of

Contralateral noise degrades frequency-coding accuracy in normal-hearing adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. A144-A144
Author(s):  
Fuh-Cherng Jeng ◽  
Kelley A. Stehura ◽  
Breanna N. Hart ◽  
Allison T. Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Contralateral Noise ◽  
Frequency Coding

Temporary Threshold Shift Reduction as a Function of Contralateral Noise Level

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond S. Karlovich ◽  
Barry F. Luterman ◽  
Mary H. Abbs
Keyword(s):  
Wide Band ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Contralateral Noise ◽  
Stapedius Muscle ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Continuous Tone ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Wide Band Noise

Seven male and seven female subjects were exposed to a monaurally presented 1000-Hz continuous tone at 110 dB SPL for three minutes. During the exposure pulsed wide-band noise (one second on / one second off) was presented to the contralateral ear. Six noise levels (70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 115 dB SPL) were used. In addition, a control condition consisting of the absence of contralateral stimulation was used. Pre- and postexposure thresholds were tracked with a Bekesy type procedure for a stimulus one-half octave above the exposure frequency. TTS was greatest for the control condition (no contralateral noise) and became progressively less as the SPL of contralateral noise was increased from 70 to 115 dB. The inverse relation between magnitude of TTS and the level of contralateral noise was attributed to stapedius muscle activity. Hence, the data provided psychophysical support for the contention that the stapedius muscle reflex is graded in response to the level of acoustic stimulation. The data also indicated an absence of significant differences in TTS magnitudes between males and females.

Effect of Cochlear Implantation on Quality of Life in Adults with Unilateral Hearing Loss

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret T. Dillon ◽  
Emily Buss ◽  
Meredith A. Rooth ◽  
English R. King ◽  
Ellen J. Deres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Unilateral Hearing Loss ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Speech Perception In Noise ◽  
Contralateral Ear

Objective: Patients with moderate-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss in 1 ear and normal hearing in the contralateral ear, known as unilateral hearing loss (UHL) or single-sided deafness (SSD), may experience improved quality of life with the use of a cochlear implant (CI) in the affected ear. Quality of life assessment before and after implantation may reveal changes to aspects of hearing beyond those explicitly evaluated with behavioral measures. Methods: The present report completed 2 experiments investigating quality of life outcomes in CI recipients with UHL. The first experiment assessed quality of life during the 1st year of device use with 3 questionnaires: the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ), the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB), and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Twenty subjects were evaluated preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-activation. Quality of life results were compared over the study period using traditional scoring methods and the SSQ pragmatic subscales. Subscales specific to localization and speech perception in noise were compared to behavioral measures at the preoperative and 12-month intervals. The 2nd experiment evaluated quality of life preoperatively and at the 12-month interval for CI recipients with UHL and CI recipients with bilateral hearing loss, including conventional CI users and those listening with electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS). The 3 cohorts differed in CI candidacy criteria, including the amount of residual hearing in the contralateral ear. Results: For subjects with moderate-to-profound UHL, receipt of a CI significantly improved quality of life, with benefits noted as early as 1 month after initial activation. The UHL cohort reported less perceived difficulty at the pre- and postoperative intervals than the conventional CI and EAS cohorts, which may be due to the presence of the normal-hearing ear. Each group experienced a significant benefit in quality of life on the APHAB with CI use. Conclusions: Cochlear implantation in cases of substantial UHL may offer significant improvements in quality of life. Quality of life measures revealed a reduction in perceived tinnitus severity and subjective improvements in speech perception in noise, spatial hearing, and listening effort. While self-report of difficulties were lower for the UHL cohort than the conventional CI and EAS cohorts, subjects in all 3 groups reported an improvement in quality of life with CI use.

Contralateral Suppression of Transient Otoacoustic Emissions and Sentence Recognition in Noise in Young Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 686-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Alyson K. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Sentence Recognition ◽  
Contralateral Suppression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Continuous Noise ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear ◽  
Release From Masking

Background: One purported role of the medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system is to reduce the effects of masking noise. MOC system functioning can be evaluated noninvasively in humans through contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions. It has been suggested that the strength of the MOC efferent activity should be positively associated with listening performance in noise. Purpose: The objective of the study was to further explore this notion by examining contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and sentence recognition in two noises with normal hearing young adults. Research Design: A repeated measures multivariate quasi-experimental design was employed. Study Sample: Thirty-two normal hearing young adult females participated. Data Collection and Analysis: Reception thresholds for sentences (RTSs) were determined monaurally and binaurally in quiet and in competing continuous and interrupted noises. Both noises had an identical power spectrum and differed only in their temporal continuity. “Release from masking” was computed by subtracting RTS signal-to-noise ratios in interrupted from continuous noise. TEOAEs were evoked with 80 dB peSPL click stimuli. To examine contralateral suppression, TEOAEs were evaluated with 60 dB peSPL click stimuli with and without a contralateral 65 dB SPL white noise suppressor. Results: A binaural advantage was observed for RTSs in quiet and noise (p < .0001) while there was no difference between ears (p >.05). In noise, performance was superior in the interrupted noise (i.e., RTSs were lower vs. continuous noise; p < .0001). There were no statistically significant differences in TEOAE levels between ears (p >.05). There was also no significant difference in the amount of suppression between ears (p = .41). There were no significant correlations or predictive linear relations between the amount of TEOAE suppression and any indices of sentence recognition in noise (i.e., RTS signal-to-noise ratios and release from masking; p > .05). Conclusions: The findings are not consistent with the notion that increased medial olivocochlear efferent feedback, as assessed via contralateral suppression of TEOAEs, is associated with improved speech perception in continuous and interrupted noise.

Middle Components of the AER to Tone-Pips in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Subjects

1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. McFarland ◽  
Michael C. Vivion ◽  
Robert Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Middle Component

Tone-pips of 500, 1000, and 3000 Hz were presented at 0-, 10-, 20-, 35-, and 50-dB HL to 10 normal-hearing subjects and at 0-, 10-, 20-, 35-, and 50-dB SL to 10 subjects with conductive, sensorineural, or mixed hearing losses. Middle component (latencies 8–90 msec) averaged electroencephalic responses to the tone-pips were analyzed in terms of peak latencies and peak-to-peak amplitudes. Properties of the responses were generally the same for both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects except that the hearing-impaired subjects showed slightly greater amplitudes overall. The small reduction in latencies with increasing stimulus frequency seen in the normal-hearing subjects was not observed in the hearing-impaired subjects.

Toward Objective Analysis for Electroencephalic Audiometry

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Vivion ◽  
Kenneth E. Wolf ◽  
Robert Goldstein ◽  
Judith E. Hirsch ◽  
William H. McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Objective Response ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Identification Methods ◽  
Threshold Determination ◽  
Criterion Score ◽  
Identification Threshold ◽  
Middle Component ◽  
Value Measure

Middle-component AERs (8–90 msec) to tone-pips from 10 normal-hearing adults were subjected to three objective methods of response identification. Threshold was then determined for each subject according to four different rules. The criterion score, which considers conjointly latency and amplitude values across the middle-component peaks, was developed as a single-value measure for response-identification and subsequent threshold-determination procedures. One of the response-identification methods was applied to 10 hearing-impaired subjects; the results of the threshold-determination procedures were encouraging. Further directions toward improving objective response analysis are discussed.

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