Acoustic Differentiation of Laryngeal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Vocal Rehabilitation ◽  
Tracheoesophageal Speech ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Temporal Measures

This investigation was designed to determine if a multivariate acoustic classifier could effectively discriminate group membership for 15 tracheoesophageal, esophageal, and laryngeal speakers. Seven intensity, 10 frequency, and 13 duration measures were quantified from recorded voice samples. Using principal components analysis, a subset of the 13 least redundant acoustic and temporal measures was systematically selected from the 30 original measures and analyzed singly and jointly in terms of its ability to discriminate among the three speaker groups. Discriminant function analysis revealed perfect categorization of the 45 subjects, indicating that the three methods of speech production are acoustically and temporally distinct from one another. The relative importance of the selected variables which, in combination, significantly differentiated the three groups is discussed in relation to physiologic differences among groups and clinical application for postlaryngectomy vocal rehabilitation.

Diagnoses Generated by Numerical Taxonomic Methods Applied to Standard Blood Variables

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
L. A. Abbott ◽  
J. B. Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Components Analysis

Data taken from the blood of 262 patients diagnosed for malabsorption, elective cholecystectomy, acute cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or chronic renal disease were analyzed with three numerical taxonomy (NT) methods : cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Principal components analysis revealed discrete clusters of patients suffering from chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and infectious hepatitis, which could be displayed by NT clustering as well as by plotting, but other disease groups were poorly defined. Sharper resolution of the same disease groups was attained by discriminant function analysis.

scholarly journals Multivariate Characterization of Hydrogen Balmer Emission in Cataclysmic Variables

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon E. Sarty ◽  
Kinwah Wu
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Cataclysmic Variables ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Components Analysis

AbstractThe ratios of hydrogen Balmer emission line intensities in cataclysmic variables are signatures of the physical processes that produce them. To quantify those signatures relative to classifications of cataclysmic variable types, we applied the multivariate statistical analysis methods of principal components analysis and discriminant function analysis to the spectroscopic emission data set of Williams (1983). The two analysis methods reveal two different sources of variation in the ratios of the emission lines. The source of variation seen in the principal components analysis was shown to be correlated with the binary orbital period. The source of variation seen in the discriminant function analysis was shown to be correlated with the equivalent width of the Hβ line. Comparison of the data scatterplot with scatterplots of theoretical models shows that Balmer line emission from T CrB systems is consistent with the photoionization of a surrounding nebula. Otherwise, models that we considered do not reproduce the wide range of Balmer decrements, including ‘inverted’ decrements, seen in the data.

scholarly journals Hybridization in Umbridae in the Hudson River, New York, with Designation of Neotypes for Umbra limi and Umbra pygmaea

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1113 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT E. SCHMIDT ◽  
ROBERT A. DANIELS
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Tidal Marsh ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Components Analysis

We document the occurrence of a natural hybrid between the Eastern Mudminnow, Umbra pygmaea (DeKay 1842) and the Central Mudminnow, U. limi (Kirtland 1840). Hybrid individuals were collected in a supratidal pool in a fresh-tidal marsh in the Hudson River, New York. ANOVA, ANCOVA, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis of meristics and morphometrics showed that the hybrids were distinguishable from the parental species and were generally intermediate between them. The tidal Hudson River is the only place these species are sympatric, and hybridization must have occurred within the last several decades. We designate neotypes for Umbra pygmaea and Umbra limi.

A Comparative Acoustic Study of Normal, Esophageal, and Tracheoesophageal Speech Production

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Robbins ◽  
Hilda B. Fisher ◽  
Eric C. Blom ◽  
Mark I. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Vocal Rehabilitation ◽  
Alaryngeal Speech ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Esophageal Speech ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Tracheoesophageal Speech ◽  
Normal Speech

Acoustic characteristics of two types of alaryngeal speech were quantified and compared to normal speech production. High-quality audio recordings were obtained from 15 subjects who had undergone the tracheoesophageal puncture method of postlaryngectomy vocal rehabilitation (Singer & Blom, 1980), 15 esophageal speakers, and 15 laryngeal talkers as they sustained the vowel/a/and read a standard paragraph. Ten frequency, 7 intensity, and 13 duration variables were quantified. Central tendency and variability measures of frequency and duration for the three speaker groups indicated that tracheoesophageal speech is more similar to normal speech than is esophageal speech. Intensity measures indicated that tracheoesophageal speech is more intense than normal and esophageal speech.

scholarly journals The fear of being laughed at: Individual and group differences in Gelotophobia

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willibald Ruch ◽  
René T Proyer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
The Core ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
Cross Classification

AbstractSingle case studies led to the discovery and phenomenological description of Gelotophobia and its definition as the pathological fear of appearing to social partners as a ridiculous object (Titze 1995, 1996, 1997). The aim of the present study is to empirically examine the core assumptions about the fear of being laughed at in a sample comprising a total of 863 clinical and non-clinical participants. Discriminant function analysis yielded that gelotophobes can be separated from other shame-based neurotics, non-shame-based neurotics, and controls. Separation was best for statements specifically describing the gelotophobic symptomatology and less potent for more general questions describing socially avoidant behaviors. Factor analysis demonstrates that while Gelotophobia is composed of a set of correlated elements in homogenous samples, overall the concept is best conceptualized as unidimensional. Predicted and actual group membership converged well in a cross-classification (approximately 69% of correctly classified cases). Overall, it can be concluded that the fear of being laughed at varies tremendously among adults and might hold a key to understanding certain forms of humorlessness.

scholarly journals Morphometric variability in populations of Palaemonetes spp. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon Basin

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Rosa García-Dávila ◽  
Célio Magalhães ◽  
José Camilo Hurtado Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Intrapopulation Variation ◽  
Components Analysis

Morphometric variability among shrimp populations of the genus Palaemonetes Heller, 1869 from seven lakes (Huanayo and Urcococha, in Peru; Amanã, Mamirauá, Camaleão, Cristalino e Iruçanga, in Brasil) in the Amazon Basin, presumably belonging to Palaemonetes carteri Gordon, 1935 and Palaemonetes ivonicus Holthuis, 1950, were studied. The morphometric studies were carried out from the ratios obtained from the morphometric characters. Multivariated analysis (Principal Components Analysis-PCA, Discriminant Function Analysis and Cluster Analysis) were applied over the ratios. Intra- and interpopulation variations of the rostrum teeth, and the number of spines in the male appendix, were analyzed through descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis (Spearman Rank Correlation test). Results indicated a wide plasticity and overlapping in the studied ratios between populations. The Principal Components Analysis was not able to separate different populations, revealing a large intrapopulation plasticity and strong interpopulation similarity in the studied ratios. Although the Discriminant Functions Analysis was not able to fully discriminate populations, they could be allocated in three subgroups: 1) Cristalino and Iruçanga; 2) Huanayo, Urcococha and Camaleão and 3) Mamirauá and Amanã. The first two groups were morphometrically separated from each other, whereas the third one presented a strong overlap with the former two. The Cluster Analysis confirmed the first two subgroups separation, and indicated that the first and third groups were closely related. Rostrum teeth and number of spines in the appendix masculina showed a large intrapopulation variation and a strong overlapping among the studied populations, regardless of the species.

scholarly journals Auditory-Perceptual Features of Speech in Children and Adults With Down Syndrome: A Speech Profile Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Raymond D. Kent ◽  
Julie Eichhorn ◽  
Erin M. Wilson ◽  
Youmi Suk ◽  
Daniel M. Bolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Speech Disorder ◽  
Perceptual Features ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Speech Features ◽  
Components Analysis

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine how the speech disorder profiles in Down syndrome (DS) relate to reduced intelligibility, atypical overall quality, and impairments in the subsystems of speech production (phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosody). Method Auditory-perceptual ratings of intelligibility, overall quality, and features associated with the subsystems of speech production were obtained from recordings of 79 children and adults with DS. Ratings were made for sustained vowels (62 of 79 speakers) and short sentences (79 speakers). The data were analyzed to determine the severity of the affected features in each speaking task and to detect patterns in the group data by means of principal components analysis. Results Reduced intelligibility was noted in 90% of the speakers, and atypical overall speech quality was noted in 100%. Affected speech features were distributed across the speech production subsystems. Principal components analysis revealed four components each for the vowel and sentence tasks, showing that individuals with DS are not homogeneous in the features of their speech disorder. Discussion The speech disorder in DS is complex in its perceptual features and reflects impairments across the subsystems of speech production, but the pattern is not uniform across individuals, indicating that attention must be given to individual variation in designing treatments.

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