Role of CD28/B7 co-stimulation in airway T helper 2 (TH2) immune responses in asthma

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1317-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lordan ◽  
Jaffar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2

scholarly journals Interleukin-31 promotes fibrosis and T helper 2 polarization in systemic sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Kuzumi ◽  
Ayumi Yoshizaki ◽  
Kazuki M. Matsuda ◽  
Hirohito Kotani ◽  
Yuta Norimatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Multisystem Disorder ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Th2 Cytokine ◽  
Th2 Polarization

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic multisystem disorder characterized by fibrosis and autoimmunity. Interleukin (IL)-31 has been implicated in fibrosis and T helper (Th) 2 immune responses, both of which are characteristics of SSc. The exact role of IL-31 in SSc pathogenesis is unclear. Here we show the overexpression of IL-31 and IL-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) in dermal fibroblasts (DFs) from SSc patients. We elucidate the dual role of IL-31 in SSc, where IL-31 directly promotes collagen production in DFs and indirectly enhances Th2 immune responses by increasing pro-Th2 cytokine expression in DFs. Furthermore, blockade of IL-31 with anti-IL-31RA antibody significantly ameliorates fibrosis and Th2 polarization in a mouse model of SSc. Therefore, in addition to defining IL-31 as a mediator of fibrosis and Th2 immune responses in SSc, our study provides a rationale for targeting the IL-31/IL-31RA axis in the treatment of SSc.

scholarly journals Predominant T Helper 2 Immune Responses againstBartonella henselaein Naturally Infected Cats

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenori Kabeya ◽  
Makiko Sase ◽  
Masaya Yamashita ◽  
Soichi Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2

scholarly journals Crucial Role of the Interleukin 1 Receptor Family Member T1/St2 in T Helper Cell Type 2–Mediated Lung Mucosal Immune Responses

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 (7) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Coyle ◽  
Clare Lloyd ◽  
Jane Tian ◽  
Trang Nguyen ◽  
Christina Erikkson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Helper Cell ◽  
Helper Cell ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Helper Cell Type ◽  
Mucosal Immune Responses

T1/ST2 is an orphan receptor of unknown function that is expressed on the surface of murine T helper cell type 2 (Th2), but not Th1 effector cells. In vitro blockade of T1/ST2 signaling with an immunoglobulin (Ig) fusion protein suppresses both differentiation to and activation of Th2, but not Th1 effector populations. In a nascent Th2-dominated response, anti-T1/ST2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibited eosinophil infiltration, interleukin 5 secretion, and IgE production. To determine if these effects were mediated by a direct effect on Th2 cells, we next used a murine adoptive transfer model of Th1- and Th2-mediated lung mucosal immune responses. Administration of either T1/ST2 mAb or T1/ST2-Ig abrogated Th2 cytokine production in vivo and the induction of an eosinophilic inflammatory response, but failed to modify Th1-mediated inflammation. Taken together, our data demonstrate an important role of T1/ST2 in Th2-mediated inflammatory responses and suggest that T1/ST2 may prove to be a novel target for the selective suppression of Th2 immune responses.

scholarly journals Role of beta1 and beta2 subunits of the interleukin-12 receptor in determining T helper 1/T helper 2 responses in vivo in the rat

Immunology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Gillespie ◽  
C.-C. Szeto ◽  
V. M. Betin ◽  
P. W. Mathieson
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
T Helper 2

Role of IL-4, IL-13, and STAT6 in inflammation-induced hypercontractility of murine smooth muscle cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. G226-G232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotada Akiho ◽  
Patricia Blennerhassett ◽  
Yikang Deng ◽  
Stephen M. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Muscularis Externa

T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which activate signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) are expressed in the muscularis externa during nematode infection and are candidate mediators of the associated hypercontractility. To determine the locus of action of these cytokines, we examined the IL-4- and IL-13-induced hypercontractility of the isolated muscle cells from STAT6 +/+ and STAT6 −/− mice. We compared the results with cells isolated from Trichinella spiralis-infected STAT6 +/+ and STAT6 −/− mice. Carbamylcholine chloride (Carbachol) induced the contraction of jejunal muscle cells in a concentration-dependent manner maximal contraction (Rmax26.7 ± 1.9%). Cells from T. spiralis-infected STAT6 −/− mice showed the hypertrophy (cell lengths 41.4 ± 0.8 to 89.0 ± 8.7 μm) and hypercontractility (Rmax37.5 ± 1.3%) induced by infection. IL-4Rα mRNA was detected in dispersed smooth muscle cells. Incubation of longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus (LMMP) with IL-4 and IL-13 enhanced Carbachol-induced muscle contraction (Rmax35.5 ± 1.9 and 32.4 ± 2.9%, respectively). Incubation of LMMP from STAT6 −/− mice with IL-4 did not enhance the contraction. The hypercontractility in T. spiralis-infected mice was attenuated in STAT6 −/− mice ( P < 0.02). These results indicate both IL-4 and IL-13 induce hypercontractility of muscle cells via the STAT6 pathway, and this is the basis for hypercontractility observed in T. spiralis-infected mice.

scholarly journals Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (40) ◽  
pp. 24620-24626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Baruch Steinman ◽  
Fok Moon Lum ◽  
Peggy Pui-Kay Ho ◽  
Naftali Kaminski ◽  
Lawrence Steinman
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
T Cell Immunity ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

The reduced development of COVID-19 for children compared to adults provides some tantalizing clues on the pathogenesis and transmissibility of this pandemic virus. First, ACE2, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, is reduced in the respiratory tract in children. Second, coronavirus associated with common colds in children may offer some protection, due to cross-reactive humoral immunity and T cell immunity between common coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. Third, T helper 2 immune responses are protective in children. Fourth, surprisingly, eosinophilia, associated with T helper 2, may be protective. Fifth, children generally produce lower levels of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, the influence of the downturn in the global economy, the impact of living in quarters among families who are the most at risk, and factors including the openings of some schools, are considered. Those most disadvantaged socioeconomically may suffer disproportionately with COVID-19.

T-HELPER-1 AND T-HELPER-2 IMMUNE RESPONSES IN MICE INFECTED WITH THE INTESTINAL FLUKE NEODIPLOSTOMUM SEOULENSE: THEIR POSSIBLE ROLES IN WORM EXPULSION AND HOST FATALITY

2007 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1036-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Hee Shin ◽  
Sang-Hyup Lee ◽  
Jae-Lip Kim ◽  
Yun-Kyu Park ◽  
Jong-Yil Chai
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Worm Expulsion

The role of type-1 and type-2 T-helper immune responses in HIV-1 vaccine protection

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L Heeney ◽  
Mariëlle E. Gils ◽  
Peter Meide ◽  
Carlo de Giuli Morghen ◽  
Cristina Ghioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Vaccine Protection ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Delivery of Cytokines by Recombinant Virus in Early Life Alters the Immune Response to Adult Lung Infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 5294-5302 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Harker ◽  
Debbie C. P. Lee ◽  
Yuko Yamaguchi ◽  
Belinda Wang ◽  
Alexander Bukreyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of bronchiolitis, the major cause of hospitalization of infants. An ideal RSV vaccine would be effective for neonates, but the immune responses of infants differ markedly from those of adults, often showing a bias toward T-helper 2 (Th2) responses and reduced gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production. We previously developed recombinant RSV vectors expressing IFN-γ and interleukin-4 (IL-4) that allow us to explore the role of these key Th1 and Th2 cytokines during infection. The aim of the current study was to explore whether an immunomodulation of infant responses could enhance protection. The expression of IFN-γ by a recombinant RSV vector (RSV/IFN-γ) attenuated primary viral replication in newborn mice without affecting the development of specific antibody or T-cell responses. Upon challenge, RSV/IFN-γ mice were protected from the exacerbated disease observed for mice primed with wild-type RSV; however, antiviral immunity was not enhanced. Conversely, the expression of IL-4 by recombinant RSV did not affect virus replication in neonates but greatly enhanced Th2 immune responses upon challenge without affecting weight loss. These studies demonstrate that it is possible to manipulate infant immune responses by using cytokine-expressing recombinant viruses and that neonatal deficiency in IFN-γ responses may lead to enhanced disease during secondary infection.

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