Role of CCR4 and CCR8 in antigen specific T helper 2 cell trafficking into allergic lung

2005 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. S255
Author(s):  
M. Fukui ◽  
A.M. Tager ◽  
A.D. Luster
Keyword(s):  
Cell Trafficking ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2

scholarly journals Role of beta1 and beta2 subunits of the interleukin-12 receptor in determining T helper 1/T helper 2 responses in vivo in the rat

Immunology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Gillespie ◽  
C.-C. Szeto ◽  
V. M. Betin ◽  
P. W. Mathieson
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
T Helper 2

Role of IL-4, IL-13, and STAT6 in inflammation-induced hypercontractility of murine smooth muscle cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. G226-G232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotada Akiho ◽  
Patricia Blennerhassett ◽  
Yikang Deng ◽  
Stephen M. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Muscularis Externa

T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which activate signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) are expressed in the muscularis externa during nematode infection and are candidate mediators of the associated hypercontractility. To determine the locus of action of these cytokines, we examined the IL-4- and IL-13-induced hypercontractility of the isolated muscle cells from STAT6 +/+ and STAT6 −/− mice. We compared the results with cells isolated from Trichinella spiralis-infected STAT6 +/+ and STAT6 −/− mice. Carbamylcholine chloride (Carbachol) induced the contraction of jejunal muscle cells in a concentration-dependent manner maximal contraction (Rmax26.7 ± 1.9%). Cells from T. spiralis-infected STAT6 −/− mice showed the hypertrophy (cell lengths 41.4 ± 0.8 to 89.0 ± 8.7 μm) and hypercontractility (Rmax37.5 ± 1.3%) induced by infection. IL-4Rα mRNA was detected in dispersed smooth muscle cells. Incubation of longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus (LMMP) with IL-4 and IL-13 enhanced Carbachol-induced muscle contraction (Rmax35.5 ± 1.9 and 32.4 ± 2.9%, respectively). Incubation of LMMP from STAT6 −/− mice with IL-4 did not enhance the contraction. The hypercontractility in T. spiralis-infected mice was attenuated in STAT6 −/− mice ( P < 0.02). These results indicate both IL-4 and IL-13 induce hypercontractility of muscle cells via the STAT6 pathway, and this is the basis for hypercontractility observed in T. spiralis-infected mice.

scholarly journals The Th1:Th2 Dichotomy of Pregnancy and Preterm Labour

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Sykes ◽  
David A. MacIntyre ◽  
Xiao J. Yap ◽  
Tiong Ghee Teoh ◽  
Phillip R. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Preterm Labour ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
New Biomarkers

Pregnancy is a unique immunological state in which a balance of immune tolerance and suppression is needed to protect the fetus without compromising the mother. It has long been established that a bias from the T helper 1 cytokine profile towards the T helper 2 profile contributes towards successful pregnancy maintenance. The majority of publications that report on aberrant Th1:Th2 balance focus on early pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. Over the last few decades, there has been an increased awareness of the role of infection and inflammation in preterm labour, and the search for new biomarkers to predict preterm labour continues. In this paper, we explore the evidence for an aberrant Th1:Th2 profile associated with preterm labour. We also consider the potential for its use in screening women at high risk of preterm labour and for prophylactic therapeutic measures for the prevention of preterm labour and associated neonatal adverse outcomes.

SOCS proteins in T helper cell differentiation: implications for allergic disorders?

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromasa Inoue ◽  
Masato Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Th Cell ◽  
Socs Proteins ◽  
Th2 Differentiation ◽  
Allergic Disorders

Asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are allergic immune disorders characterised by a predominance of T helper 2 (Th2) cells, the resulting elevation of allergen-specific IgE, and mast-cell- and basophil-associated inflammation. The cytokine environment at the site of the initial antigen stimulation determines the direction of Th-cell differentiation into Th1 or Th2 cells. The SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signalling) proteins are implicated in the control of the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells in this process. SOCS3 is predominantly expressed in Th2 cells and inhibits Th1 differentiation; conversely, SOCS5 is expressed predominantly in Th1 cells and inhibits Th2 differentiation. Here, we discuss the role of SOCS proteins in Th-cell differentiation and explore the potential of SOCS proteins as targets for therapeutic strategies in allergic disorders.

scholarly journals Development of chronic allergic responses by dampening Bcl6-mediated suppressor activity in memory T helper 2 cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. E741-E750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ogasawara ◽  
Masahiko Hatano ◽  
Hisae Satake ◽  
Jun Ikari ◽  
Toshibumi Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Asthma Model ◽  
Murine Asthma Model

Mice deficient in the transcriptional repressor B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) exhibit similar T helper 2 (TH2) immune responses as patients with allergic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Bcl6-directed regulation of TH2 cytokine genes remain unclear. We identified multiple Bcl6/STAT binding sites (BSs) in TH2 cytokine gene loci. We found that Bcl6 is modestly associated with the BSs, and it had no significant effect on cytokine production in newly differentiated TH2 cells. Contrarily, in memory TH2 (mTH2) cells derived from adaptively transferred TH2 effectors, Bcl6 outcompeted STAT5 for binding to TH2 cytokine gene loci, particularlyInterleukin4(Il4) loci, and attenuated GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) binding to highly conserved intron enhancer regions in mTH2 cells. Bcl6 suppressed cytokine production epigenetically in mTH2 cells to negatively tune histone acetylation at TH2 cytokine gene loci, includingIl4loci. In addition, IL-33, a pro-TH2 cytokine, diminished Bcl6’s association with loci to which GATA3 recruitment was inversely augmented, resulting in altered IL-4, but not IL-5 and IL-13, production in mTH2 cells but no altered production in newly differentiated TH2 cells. Use of a murine asthma model that generates high levels of pro-TH2 cytokines, such as IL-33, suggested that the suppressive function of Bcl6 in mTH2 cells is abolished in severe asthma. These findings indicate a role of the interaction between TH2-promoting factors and Bcl6 in promoting appropriate IL-4 production in mTH2 cells and suggest that chronic allergic diseases involve the TH2-promoting factor-mediated functional breakdown of Bcl6, resulting in allergy exacerbation.

scholarly journals Significance of Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in Inflammatory Arthritis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3000
Author(s):  
Milena Iwaszko ◽  
Sylwia Biały ◽  
Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Th2 Cytokine ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 belong to the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine family, along with IL-3, IL-5, and IL-9. These cytokines are key mediators of allergic inflammation. They have important immunomodulatory activities and exert influence on a wide variety of immune cells, such as B cells, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, airway epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and keratinocytes. Recent studies have implicated IL-4 and IL-13 in the development of various autoimmune diseases. Additionally, these cytokines have emerged as potential players in pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. Recent findings suggest that the IL-4 and IL-13 might play a significant role in the downregulation of inflammatory processes underlying RA pathology, and beneficially modulate the course of the disease. This review summarizes the biological features of the IL-4 and IL-13 and provides current knowledge regarding the role of these cytokines in inflammatory arthritis.

scholarly journals Chitin and chitinases in allergic reactions

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
S N Kulikov ◽  
Yu A Tyurin ◽  
D A Dolbin ◽  
R S Fassakhov ◽  
S N Kulikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
T Helper 2

Chitin - the structural component of fungal cell wall, arthropodal exoskeleton, microfilarial sheat and egg of helminths. Allergens of this organisms cause allergic diseases. The potential role of chitin in allergic reactions has been discussed. Other studies have suggested that chitin preparations may skew immunity away from T-helper-2-mediated allergic responses. Chitinases, enzymes that can degrade chitin polymer, and chitinase-like proteins might also play an important role in allergic disease pathogenesis.

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