Current status of laboratory diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage in Northern Ireland

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-161
Author(s):  
I. Wallace ◽  
P. Sharpe ◽  
M. Mirakhur
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME: THE CURRENT STATUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Manisha Shrestha ◽  
Anand Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Current Status ◽  
American Society

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a frequent and serious problem faced by clinicians in day to day practice and is a major factor of intensive care morbidity and mortality. The American College of Chest Physicians and the American Society of Critical Care Medicine in 1991 published definitions and criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome.  Since then many researches have been undertaken  to better understand the pathophysiology of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and to determine the accuracy of its diagnostic criteria. The criteria set by the 1991 consensus  is still popularly  used  today. However,  with  the current  knowledge   on this matter many researchers have put forward the need of refinement in the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome defined by 1991 consensus. This article aims to review  the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, laboratory diagnosis,  treatment and the current views regarding SIRS.Journal of Universal College of Medical SciencesVol. 6, No. 1, 2018, Page: 56-61

scholarly journals Current Status of Laboratory Diagnosis for COVID-19: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 2657-2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Russo ◽  
Carmine Minichini ◽  
Mario Starace ◽  
Roberta Astorri ◽  
Federica Calò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19: current status and challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijina J. Mathew1 ◽  
Ashish Kumar Vyas ◽  
Prashant Khare ◽  
Sudheer Gupta ◽  
Ram Kumar Nema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Viral Antigens ◽  
Clinical Community ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Immunological Assays

The magnitude and pace of global affliction caused by Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is unprecedented in the recent past. From starting in a busy seafood market in the Chinese city of Wuhan, the virus has spread across the globe in less than a year, infecting over 76 million people and causing death of close to 1.7 million individuals worldwide. As no specific antiviral treatment is currently available, the major strategy in containing the pandemic is focused on early diagnosis and prompt isolation of the infected individuals. Several diagnostic modalities have emerged within a relatively short period, which can be broadly classified into molecular and immunological assays. While the former category is centered around real-time PCR, which is currently considered the gold standard of diagnosis, the latter aims to detect viral antigens or antibodies specific to the viral antigens and is yet to be recommended as a stand-alone diagnostic tool. This review aims to provide an update on the different diagnostic modalities that are currently being used in diagnostic laboratories across the world as well as the upcoming methods and challenges associated with each of them. In a rapidly evolving diagnostic landscape with several testing platforms going through various phases of development and/or regulatory clearance, it is prudent that the clinical community familiarizes itself with the nuances of different testing modalities currently being employed for this condition.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients in Serbia, Greece, and Romania. Current Status and Challenges for Collaboration

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Valentina Arsić Arsenijevic ◽  
Timoleon-Achilleas Vyzantiadis ◽  
Mihai Mares ◽  
Suzana Otasevic ◽  
Athanasios Tragiannidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Regional Collaboration

Pneumocystis jirovecii can cause fatal Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP). Many children have been exposed to the fungus and are colonized in early age, while some individuals at high risk for fungal infections may develop PcP, a disease that is difficult to diagnose. Insufficient laboratory availability, lack of knowledge, and local epidemiology gaps make the problem more serious. Traditionally, the diagnosis is based on microscopic visualization of Pneumocystis in respiratory specimens. The molecular diagnosis is important but not widely used. The aim of this study was to collect initial indicative data from Serbia, Greece, and Romania concerning pediatric patients with suspected PcP in order to: find the key underlying diseases, determine current clinical and laboratory practices, and try to propose an integrative future molecular perspective based on regional collaboration. Data were collected by the search of literature and the use of an online questionnaire, filled by relevant scientists specialized in the field. All three countries presented similar clinical practices in terms of PcP prophylaxis and clinical suspicion. In Serbia and Greece the hematology/oncology diseases are the main risks, while in Romania HIV infection is an additional risk. Molecular diagnosis is available only in Greece. PcP seems to be under-diagnosed and regional collaboration in the field of laboratory diagnosis with an emphasis on molecular approaches may help to cover the gaps and improve the practices.

The Current Status of the Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Diseases of Man

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander W. McCracken ◽  
Joseph T. Newman ◽  
Alexis Shelokov
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Viral Diseases

scholarly journals Laboratory diagnostic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of human leptospirosis in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, 2003–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0009993
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Kakita ◽  
Sho Okano ◽  
Hisako Kyan ◽  
Masato Miyahira ◽  
Katsuya Taira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Conjunctival Hyperemia ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Okinawa Prefecture ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Male Patients

Background Leptospirosis is considered an endemic disease among agricultural workers in Okinawa Prefecture, which is the southernmost part of Japan and has a subtropical climate, but data on the current status and trend of this disease are scarce. Methodology/principal findings We conducted a retrospective study of clinically suspected leptospirosis patients whose sample and information were sent to the Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment from November 2003 to December 2020. Laboratory diagnosis was established using culture, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and/or microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and/or urine samples. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the epidemiological information, clinical features, and sensitivities of diagnostic methods among laboratory-confirmed cases. Serogroups and the species of Leptospira isolates were determined by MAT using 13 antisera and flaB sequencing. A total of 531 clinically suspected patients were recruited, among whom 246 (46.3%) were laboratory confirmed to have leptospirosis. Among the confirmed cases, patients aged 20–29 years (22.4%) and male patients (85.7%) were the most common. The most common estimated sources of infection were recreation (44.5%) and labor (27.8%) in rivers. Approximately half of the isolates were of the L. interrogans serogroup Hebdomadis. The main clinical symptoms were fever (97.1%), myalgia (56.3%), and conjunctival hyperemia (52.2%). Headache occurred significantly more often in patients with Hebdomadis serogroup infections than those with other serogroup infections. The sensitivities of culture and PCR exceeded 65% during the first 6 days, while the sensitivity of MAT surpassed that of culture and PCR in the second week after onset. PCR using blood samples was a preferable method for the early diagnosis of leptospirosis. Conclusions/significance The results of this study will support clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of undifferentiated febrile patients in Okinawa Prefecture as well as patients returning from Okinawa Prefecture.

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