A role for arabinogalactan-proteins in plant cell expansion: evidence from studies on the interaction of beta-glucosyl Yariv reagent with seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G.T. Willats ◽  
J. Paul Knox
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghuraj Hoshing ◽  
Blaise W Leeber III ◽  
Helene Kuhn ◽  
David Caianiello ◽  
Brandon Dale ◽  
...  

Yariv reagents are glycosylated triphenylazo dyes, some of which bind to the polysaccharide component of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), proteoglycans found in plant cell walls. However, the exact reason for the selectivity in the presence/absence of AGP binding ability among Yarivs remains unknown. The Yariv reagents are known to form supramolecular aggregates in solution. We use circular dichroism to show that the Yariv reagent aggregates possess helical chirality, and the AGP binding ability of the Yariv reagents is correlated to its helical chirality.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghuraj Hoshing ◽  
Blaise W Leeber III ◽  
Helene Kuhn ◽  
David Caianiello ◽  
Brandon Dale ◽  
...  

Yariv reagents are glycosylated triphenylazo dyes, some of which bind to the polysaccharide component of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), proteoglycans found in plant cell walls. However, the exact reason for the selectivity in the presence/absence of AGP binding ability among Yarivs remains unknown. The Yariv reagents are known to form supramolecular aggregates in solution. We use circular dichroism to show that the Yariv reagent aggregates possess helical chirality, and the AGP binding ability of the Yariv reagents is correlated to its helical chirality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Giourieva ◽  
Emmanuel Panteris

Abstract Background Cortical microtubules regulate cell expansion by determining cellulose microfibril orientation in the root apex of Arabidopsis thaliana. While the regulation of cell wall properties by cortical microtubules is well studied, the data on the influence of cell wall to cortical microtubule organization and stability remain scarce. Studies on cellulose biosynthesis mutants revealed that cortical microtubules depend on Cellulose Synthase A (CESA) function and/or cell expansion. Furthermore, it has been reported that cortical microtubules in cellulose-deficient mutants are hypersensitive to oryzalin. In this work, the persistence of cortical microtubules against anti-microtubule treatment was thoroughly studied in the roots of several cesa mutants, namely thanatos, mre1, any1, prc1-1 and rsw1, and the Cellulose Synthase Interacting 1 protein (csi1) mutant pom2-4. In addition, various treatments with drugs affecting cell expansion were performed on wild-type roots. Whole mount tubulin immunolabeling was applied in the above roots and observations were performed by confocal microscopy. Results Cortical microtubules in all mutants showed statistically significant increased persistence against anti-microtubule drugs, compared to those of the wild-type. Furthermore, to examine if the enhanced stability of cortical microtubules was due to reduced cellulose biosynthesis or to suppression of cell expansion, treatments of wild-type roots with 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) and Congo red were performed. After these treatments, cortical microtubules appeared more resistant to oryzalin, than in the control. Conclusions According to these findings, it may be concluded that inhibition of cell expansion, irrespective of the cause, results in increased microtubule stability in A. thaliana root. In addition, cell expansion does not only rely on cortical microtubule orientation but also plays a regulatory role in microtubule dynamics, as well. Various hypotheses may explain the increased cortical microtubule stability under decreased cell expansion such as the role of cell wall sensors and the presence of less dynamic cortical microtubules.


2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (14) ◽  
pp. 3963-3974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hofmannova ◽  
K. Schwarzerova ◽  
L. Havelkova ◽  
P. Borikova ◽  
J. Petrasek ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Claisse ◽  
Bénédicte Charrier ◽  
Martin Kreis

2019 ◽  
Vol 225 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Buschmann ◽  
Agnes Borchers

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2478
Author(s):  
Xingwen Wu ◽  
Antony Bacic ◽  
Kim L. Johnson ◽  
John Humphries

The plant cell wall plays a critical role in signaling responses to environmental and developmental cues, acting as both the sensing interface and regulator of plant cell integrity. Wall-associated kinases (WAKs) are plant receptor-like kinases located at the wall—plasma membrane—cytoplasmic interface and implicated in cell wall integrity sensing. WAKs in Arabidopsis thaliana have been shown to bind pectins in different forms under various conditions, such as oligogalacturonides (OG)s in stress response, and native pectin during cell expansion. The mechanism(s) WAKs use for sensing in grasses, which contain relatively low amounts of pectin, remains unclear. WAK genes from the model monocot plant, Brachypodium distachyon were identified. Expression profiling during early seedling development and in response to sodium salicylate and salt treatment was undertaken to identify WAKs involved in cell expansion and response to external stimuli. The BdWAK2 gene displayed increased expression during cell expansion and stress response, in addition to playing a potential role in the hypersensitive response. In vitro binding assays with various forms of commercial polysaccharides (pectins, xylans, and mixed-linkage glucans) and wall-extracted fractions (pectic/hemicellulosic/cellulosic) from both Arabidopsis and Brachypodium leaf tissues provided new insights into the binding properties of BdWAK2 and other candidate BdWAKs in grasses. The BdWAKs displayed a specificity for the acidic pectins with similar binding characteristics to the AtWAKs.


2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (15) ◽  
pp. 4339-4349 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hectors ◽  
E. Jacques ◽  
E. Prinsen ◽  
Y. Guisez ◽  
J.-P. Verbelen ◽  
...  

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